GB/T 5171.22-2017 PDF in English
GB/T 5171.22-2017 (GB/T5171.22-2017, GBT 5171.22-2017, GBT5171.22-2017)
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Small-power motors -- Part 22: Test methods for permanent magnet brushless DC motors
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Standards related to (historical): GB/T 5171.22-2017
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GB/T 5171.22-2017: PDF in English (GBT 5171.22-2017) GB/T 5171.22-2017
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 29.160.30
K 20
Small-power motors - Part 22: Test methods for permanent
magnet brushless DC motors
ISSUED ON: DECEMBER 29, 2017
IMPLEMENTED ON: JULY 01, 2018
Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of PRC.
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative references ... 4
3 Terms and definitions ... 4
4 Basic requirements of test ... 6
5 Test preparation ... 7
6 Temperature rise test ... 8
7 Determination of efficiency ... 9
8 Other test items ... 9
Appendix A (Normative) Over-current protection and over-temperature protection .. 16
Appendix B (Normative) Overvoltage protection and undervoltage protection ... 18
References ... 20
Small-power motors - Part 22: Test methods for permanent
magnet brushless DC motors
1 Scope
This Part of GB/T 5171 specifies the terms and definitions, basic requirements, test
preparation, temperature rise test, efficiency measurement, etc. in the test of permanent
magnet brushless DC motor (hereinafter referred to as "motor").
This Part applies to permanent magnet brushless DC motors, which have built-in
controller and external controller. The test method of the servo motor can make
reference to this Part.
2 Normative references
The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For the dated
documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable to this document;
for the undated documents, only the latest version (including all the amendments) is
applicable to this standard.
GB/T 5171.21-2016 Small power motors - Part 21: General test methods
GB/T 10069.1 Measurement of airborne noise emitted by rotating electrical
machines and the noise limits - Part 1: Method for the measurement of airborne
noise emitted by rotating electrical machines
GB/T 12350-2009 Safety requirements of small power motors
GB/T 14536.1-2008 Automatic electrical controls - Part 1: General requirements
GB/T 22719.1 Interturn insulation of random-wound winding for AC low-voltage
electrical machines - Part 1: Test methods
JB/T 10490 Mechanical vibration of small power motors - Measurement, evaluation
and limits of vibration
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions, as defined in GB/T 5171.21-2016, as well as the following
terms and definitions, apply to this document.
- The selection of the measurement range shall fully satisfy the voltage and current
ranges to be measured;
- It is recommended to feed the current and voltage directly to the power analyzer. If
an external current sensor is required, the traditional current transformer must not
be used, but a wide-band shunt or a zero-flux current sensor is used;
- The bandwidth range of current sensor and sampling channel shall be at least 0 Hz
~ 100 kHz;
- The internal filter of the digital power meter shall be switched off;
- For the motor with three-phase power supply, it is recommended to measure the
power with the three-wattmeter method. The two-wattmeter method can be used,
BUT it must be pointed out that not all available equipment is capable of
compensating for the possible errors of this method. This capability can be verified
from the specifications provided by the equipment manufacturer;
- All cables used to transmit measurement signals shall be shielded.
4.5 When using the test frequency converter to test the power supply of the motor, the
test frequency converter shall be understood as a voltage source, that has nothing to do
with the load current; the test shall be performed at the rated voltage and fundamental
frequency (50 Hz).
The reference conditions are as follows:
- Two-level voltage source inverter;
- No motor current feedback control;
- No "slip compensation";
- In addition to the required measuring instruments, no other components shall be
installed -- between the test frequency converter and the motor, so as to avoid
affecting the output voltage or output current;
- Switching frequency fsw = 4 kHz.
The input of the test frequency converter may be a suitable AC or DC power supply.
Shielded cables shall be used for connection -- between the test frequency converter
and the motor.
5 Test preparation
5.1 The measurement of insulation resistance shall comply with the provisions in 5.1 of
GB/T 5171.21-2016.
5.2 The measurement of cold winding temperature θ1 and cold winding resistance R1
shall comply with the provisions in 5.2 of GB/T 5171.21-2016.
6 Temperature rise test
6.1 Overview
The purpose of the temperature rise test is to determine the temperature rise of the
windings and certain parts of the motor, when the motor is running under specified load
conditions when the temperature is higher than that of the cooling medium. The
temperature measurement method shall be selected, according to 4.3 and the relevant
provisions of this Chapter.
For the motor with an external controller and no dedicated controller, the temperature
rise of the motor is measured, using a test frequency converter for power supply.
6.2 General descriptions
General descriptions shall comply with the provisions of 6.2 in GB/T 5171.21-2016.
6.3 Determination of the cooling medium temperature at the end of temperature
rise test
The determination of the temperature of the cooling medium, at the end of the
temperature rise test, shall comply with the provisions in 6.3 of GB/T 5171.21-2016.
6.4 Measurement method of temperature of motor winding and other parts
The measurement method of the temperature of the motor winding and other parts shall
comply with the provisions in 6.4 of GB/T 5171.21-2016.
6.5 Temperature rise test method
The temperature rise test method shall comply with the provisions in 6.5 of GB/T
5171.21-2016.
6.6 Calculation of winding operating temperature θ2
The calculation of the winding operating temperature θ2 shall comply with the
provisions of 6.6 in GB/T 5171.21-2016.
6.7 Calculation of winding temperature rise Δθ
The calculation of winding temperature rise Δθ shall comply with the provisions of 6.7
in GB/T 5171.21-2016.
8.2 Short-term over-torque test
The short-term over-torque test shall comply with the provisions in 9.2 of GB/T
5171.21-2016.
8.3 Determination of maximum torque
The determination of the maximum torque shall comply with the provisions in 9.3 of
GB/T 5171.21-2016.
8.4 Determination of minimum torque
The determination of the minimum torque shall comply with the provisions in 9.4 of
GB/T 5171.21-2016.
8.5 Determination of moment of inertia
The determination of the moment of inertia shall comply with the provisions in 9.5 of
GB/T 5171.21-2016.
8.6 Magnetic stability inspection of permanent magnet motors
The magnetic stability inspection of permanent magnet motors shall comply with the
provisions in 9.6 of GB/T 5171.21-2016.
8.7 Determination of noise
The determination of motor noise shall be carried out according to the provisions of
GB/T10069.1.
8.8 Measurement of vibration
The determination of motor vibration shall be carried out according to the provisions
of JB/T 10490.
8.9 Electric strength test
The electric strength test of the motor shall comply with the provisions in 9.9 of GB/T
5171.21-2016.
8.10 Repeated electric strength test
The repeated electric strength test shall comply with the provisions in 9.10 of GB/T
5171.21-2016.
8.11 Electric strength test of inter-turn insulation
The inter-turn insulation test of the motor winding shall be carried out, to assess the
ability of the inter-turn insulation of the winding to withstand overvoltage. The test shall
adopt the inter-turn impulse electric strength test method; it shall not use the short-time
rising voltage test method.
Impulse voltage waves, which have specified peak value and wave front time, are
directly applied to the winding of the tested product or the reference product of the same
design alternately (or simultaneously). Whether there is any difference in the
attenuation oscillation waveform, which is caused by the impulse voltage between the
two, is used to detect whether the inter-turn insulation of the motor winding is good.
For motors, which have a DC voltage UDC above 48 V, the peak value of the impulse
voltage wave is calculated according to formula (1); the minimum is 2100 V; the wave
front time is 0.2 μs.
For motors, which have a DC voltage UDC of 48 V and below, the peak value of the
impulse voltage wave is 800 V; the wave front time is 0.2 μs.
The specific test method for the inter-turn impact electric strength test of the winding
is carried out, according to GB/T 22719.1.
Note: The electric strength test of the inter-turn insulation of permanent magnet brushless DC
motor windings shall be carried out on the motor windings, during the motor manufacturing
process.
8.12 Leakage current test at operating temperature
The leakage current test at the operating temperature of the motor shall comply with
the provisions in 9.12 of GB/T 5171.21-2016.
8.13 Accidental overcurrent test
The accidental overcurrent test of the motor shall comply with the provisions in 9.13 of
GB/T 5171.21-2016.
8.14 Overspeed test
The motor overspeed test shall comply with the provisions of 9.14 in GB/T 5171.21-
2016.
8.15 Test of protection level
The motor protection level test shall comply with the provisions of 9.15 in GB/T
5171.21-2016.
8.16 Damp heat test
the system can be tested by an external simulation device or other methods.
8.24.3 The inspection of protective devices mainly includes:
- Check the setting value of the overcurrent protection device; see Appendix A for
the specific test method;
Note 1: Overcurrent protection devices for brushless DC motors include motor line
current protection. Overcurrent is generally caused by overload/winding short
circuit/bridge arm short circuit/interphase short circuit.
- For motors with fast-acting fuses, the value of the fast-acting fuses shall be higher
than the overcurrent protection value set by the controller, AND lower than the
limiting current capacity of the device.
Note 2: Fast-acting fuses are generally used in DC busbars, to prevent overcurrent
conditions after the overcurrent protection device fails.
- Check the performance of the overvoltage protection device and undervoltage
protection device. See Appendix B for specific requirements and test methods;
- Check the correct operation of the thermal protection system. See Appendix A for
specific requirements and test methods.
Note 3: The overheating protection system's control module overtemperature protection
of the brushless DC motor or the overtemperature protection of the motor winding.
- Check the coordinated action between the various protections. The coordinated
action judgment of the protective device shall meet the requirements of the flow
chart in Figure 1.
8.24.4 During the exit-factory inspection, it shall check the action of the blocking
protection device.
Appendix A
(Normative)
Over-current protection and over-temperature protection
A.1 Requirements for overcurrent protection
The setting value of the overcurrent protection device is determined by the
manufacturer, according to the actual application of the motor. When the motor current
is too large, the overcurrent protection device shall be able to operate, according to the
instructions.
A.2 Slow overload test
The test steps are as follows:
1) Supply power at rated voltage; start the motor, to make it run under rated load
until thermally stable; keep the load constant;
2) Measure the winding current of the motor; record it;
3) Increase the load, so that the winding current increases by 10%; let the motor
work again, until the heat stabilizes. At this time, keep the power supply voltage
constant;
4) Increase the load again, to repeat the above test, until the overcurrent protection
device operates or the motor stops;
5) After each overcurrent protection device operates, measure and record the
temperature of the motor winding;
6) Record the change of the current value during the test; take records according to
Table A.1;
7) Observe whether the overcurrent protection device operates, when the current
value exceeds the set value;
8) Repeat the above test, to make the overcurrent protection device operate several
times;
9) Observe the action of the motor protective device, until the motor winding
temperature exceeds the maximum winding temperature specified in the product
manual.
Appendix B
(Normative)
Overvoltage protection and undervoltage protection
B.1 Judgment of overvoltage and undervoltage
The motor has a protective function against the hazards of overvoltage and undervoltage,
within the deviation (±15%) of the rated input voltage. After the motor is connected to
the controller, it shall be able to act according to the product manual, to protect the
motor in the case of overvoltage or undervoltage.
B.2 Overvoltage protection test
B.2.1 Test procedure
The test procedure are as follows:
1) Start the motor, to make it run to thermal stability under rated load; keep the load
constant;
2) Measure the input voltage value Uin of the motor controller terminal of the
controller; record it;
3) Start timing; record the time t; increase Uin gradually, until Uin reaches the
specified value Uover; observe the motor protection action.
B.2.2 Judgment
The motor shall be able to perform protection actions, according to the requirements of
the product manual.
B.3 Undervoltage protection test
B.3.1 Test procedure
The test steps are as follows:
1) Start the motor, to make it run to thermal stability under rated load; keep the load
constant;
2) Measure and record the input voltage value Uin at the motor controller end of the
controller;
3) Start timing; record the time t; gradually reduce Uin, until Uin reaches the specified
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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