GB/T 7409.4-2023 PDF English
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GB/T 7409.4-2023: Excitation systems for synchronous machines - Part 4: Technical requirements of excitation systems for medium and small synchronous machines
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GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 29.160.01
CCS K 20
Replacing GB/T 10585-1989
Excitation Systems for Synchronous Machines - Part 4:
Technical Requirements of Excitation Systems for Medium
and Small Synchronous Machines
ISSUED ON: SEPTEMBER 7, 2023
IMPLEMENTED ON: APRIL 1, 2024
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
Introduction ... 6
1 Scope ... 7
2 Normative References ... 7
3 Terms and Definitions ... 8
4 General Requirements ... 12
5 Conditions of Use ... 12
6 Performance Requirements for Excitation Systems for Synchronous Generators ... 13
7 Performance Requirements for Excitation Systems for Synchronous Machines ... 18
8 Test Rules ... 21
9 Equipment Completeness ... 22
10 Marking, Packaging, Transportation and Storage ... 23
11 Mass Production and Quality Assurance ... 24
Excitation Systems for Synchronous Machines - Part 4:
Technical Requirements of Excitation Systems for Medium
and Small Synchronous Machines
1 Scope
This document specifies the general requirements and usage conditions for the excitation
systems for medium and small synchronous machines, the performance requirements for the
excitation systems for synchronous generators, the performance requirements for the excitation
systems for synchronous machines, the test rules, equipment completeness, marking, packaging,
transportation and storage, as well as mass production and quality assurance, etc.
This document is applicable to the design and manufacturing of the excitation systems for 50
Hz and 60 Hz synchronous machines in the following scopes:
---hydraulic generators below 10,000 kW;
---turbine generators below 6,000 kW;
---internal combustion generators of 3,200 kW and below;
---synchronous machines below 10,000 kW.
2 Normative References
The contents of the following documents constitute indispensable clauses of this document
through the normative references in the text. In terms of references with a specified date, only
versions with a specified date are applicable to this document. In terms of references without a
specified date, the latest version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 191-2008 Packaging - Pictorial Marking for Handling of Goods
GB/T 755 Rotating Electrical Machines - Rating and Performance
GB/T 1094 (all parts) Power Transformers
GB/T 3797-2016 Electrical Control Assemblies
GB/T 7409.1-2008 Excitation Systems for Synchronous Electrical Machines - Definitions
GB/T 7409.2-2020 Excitation Systems for Synchronous Electrical Machines - Part 2: Models
for Power System Studies
The time required from the start of disturbance, until the difference between the generator
terminal voltage and the steady-state value does not exceed 3% of the rated value (or otherwise
specified) and remains within this area.
NOTE: the unit is second (s).
4 General Requirements
In addition to satisfying the requirements of this document, the excitation system shall also
comply with the stipulations of GB/T 755. The excitation systems for the synchronous machines
shall also comply with the stipulations of GB/T 3797-2016.
5 Conditions of Use
5.1 The excitation systems specified in this document shall be installed indoors or in a climate-
protected outdoor location. The mobile power supply can be installed in a climate-protected
outdoor location. Users shall consult with the manufacturer for climate protection measures for
outdoor installation.
5.2 The operating altitude does not exceed 1,000 m.
NOTE: for the excitation systems used at altitudes higher than 1,000 m, the users shall consult with
the manufacturer.
5.3 The requirements for ambient air temperature are as follows:
a) The indoor ambient air temperature is 5 C ~ 40 C, and the outdoor ambient air
temperature is 15 C ~ 40 C;
b) The daily average value of ambient air temperature does not exceed 35 C.
NOTE 1: if the indoor ambient air temperature is lower than 5 C, but not lower than 10 C,
or the outdoor ambient air temperature is lower than 15 C, but not lower than 25
C, the users shall declare to the manufacturer.
NOTE 2: if the ambient air temperature exceeds 40 C, or the indoor temperature is lower than
15 C and the outdoor temperature is lower than 25 C, the users shall consult with
the manufacturer.
5.4 The monthly average maximum relative humidity in the wettest month of the location of
use is 90%, and the monthly average minimum temperature in that month is 25 C.
5.5 It shall be used in an environment with clean air and no explosion hazard, and there shall
be no gas or conductive dust in the surrounding air that is sufficient to corrode metal and destroy
insulation.
5.6 Other special conditions of use shall be determined through negotiation between the users
and the manufacturer.
6 Performance Requirements for Excitation Systems for
Synchronous Generators
6.1 Long-term Load Capacity
When the excitation voltage and current of the synchronous generators do not exceed 1.1 times
the rated values, the excitation systems shall be able to continuously operate for a long time.
6.2 Maximum Voltage Multiple
The requirements for the maximum voltage multiple are as follows:
a) For the excitation systems for hydraulic generators and turbine generators, it is
generally not less than 1.6;
b) For the excitation systems for internal combustion generators, it is generally not less
than 1.5;
c) When there are special requirements, the users shall consult with the manufacturer.
NOTE 1: for the voltage source controllable rectifier excitation systems (unless otherwise specified)
powered by the synchronous generators terminal through the rectifier transformer, the
positive sequence component of the voltage connected to the generator terminal is a
specified maximum voltage multiple of 80% of the rated value.
NOTE 2: for the excitation systems adopting rotating excitation power units, the maximum voltage
multiple is determined at the rated speed.
6.3 Allowable Forced Excitation Time
The allowable forced excitation time is no less than 10 seconds and no more than 50 seconds.
6.4 Excitation System Nominal Response
For the excitation systems with DC excitation power unit, it is generally specified as (0.5 ~
1.0)/s. The high initial response excitation systems are evaluated by the response time.
6.5 Rectifier Overvoltage
The rectifier circuit is equipped with a resistance-capacitance protection device that suppresses
commutation overvoltage. When the generator is operating at the rated no-load, the thyristor
commutation overvoltage multiple is not greater than 1.6, and it is handed over and confirmed
during the handover test.
6.6 Rotor Overvoltage
The excitation systems shall consider the possible overvoltage of the generator rotor excitation
circuit, and the transient voltage at the outlet end of the magnetic field winding shall not be
greater than 65% of the test voltage peak value specified in 6.18 under any possible operating
conditions.
6.7 Stability of Control Voltage
When the DC and AC voltage deviation used for excitation system control does not exceed 15%
~ 10%, and the frequency deviation does not exceed 3 Hz ~ 2 Hz, the excitation system shall
satisfy the requirements for normal operation of the synchronous generators.
6.8 No-load Voltage Setting Range
6.8.1 Hydraulic generators and turbine generators that need to operate in parallel with the power
grid shall be stably and smoothly adjusted within the no-load voltage range of 70% ~ 110%.
6.8.2 Internal combustion generators and other synchronous generators that only operate in
isolation shall be stably and smoothly adjusted within the no-load voltage range of 95% ~ 105%.
6.9 Selection of Steady-state Voltage Regulation
The steady-state voltage regulation is specified as 1%, 2.5% and 5%. The values selected
for the various excitation systems are stipulated in their standards.
6.10 Transient Voltage Regulation and Voltage Recovery Time
6.10.1 The transient voltage overshoot (overshoot) of the low-voltage synchronous generators
when the rated load is suddenly cast off is specified as 20%, 25% and 35%.
6.10.2 The transient voltage drop of low-voltage synchronous generators when the rated
reactive load is suddenly added is specified as 16%, 22% and 32%.
6.10.3 The voltage recovery time after a sudden load change corresponds to the three transient
voltage increases or decreases specified in 6.10.1 and 6.10.2, and shall not be greater than 1.5
s, 1.5 s and 2.5 s.
6.10.4 When the high-voltage synchronous generators are under no-load conditions and the step
response is 10%, the transient voltage overshoot (overshoot) of the generator voltage shall not
be greater than 50% of the step amount, the number of swings shall not exceed 3 times, and the
adjustment time shall not exceed 10 seconds.
6.11 Parallel Operation
6.11.1 Unless otherwise specified, synchronous generators of 100 kW and above shall all
consider parallel operation. The excitation systems shall take measures to ensure stable parallel
operation of the system and reasonable allocation of reactive power.
c) Magnetic field undercurrent limiter;
d) Other additional units.
6.17 Demagnetization
In addition to the excitation systems for the small synchronous generators that adopt shutdown
demagnetization, other excitation systems shall have reliable demagnetization capability.
6.18 Voltage Resistance
Each electrical circuit of the excitation system can withstand the voltage resistance test without
damaging the insulation. The test regulations are as follows.
a) For the electrical circuits (except rotating electrical machines) directly connected to
the magnetic field winding or through a rectifier, when the rated magnetic field
voltage of the synchronous machines is 500 V and below, they shall be able to
withstand a test voltage of 10 times the rated magnetic field voltage, but not less than
1,500 V; when the rated magnetic field voltage of the synchronous machines is above
500 V, they shall be able to withstand a test voltage of 2 times the rated magnetic field
voltage plus 4,000 V. For the electrical circuits that are not directly connected to the
magnetic field winding, when the rated voltage is 60 V and below, they shall be able
to withstand a test voltage of 1,000 V; when the rated voltage is greater than 60 V,
they shall be able to withstand a test voltage of 2 times the rated voltage plus 1,000 V,
but not less than 1,500 V.
b) The test voltage that shall be withstood for construction site acceptance is 75% of the
specified test voltage; the allowable repeated and repaired test voltage is 65% of the
specified test voltage.
c) The test voltage is the RMS power frequency AC sine wave, its waveform is as close
to the sine wave as possible, and the test time is 60 seconds.
d) The test of printed circuit boards and electronic equipment shall comply with the
stipulations of corresponding standards.
6.19 Ground Terminal
The metal body of the self-contained excitation system is equipped with a ground terminal and
is clearly marked with a ground symbol. The ground terminal cannot be used for other purposes.
6.20 Permanent Magnet Materials
In the hybrid excitation system, corresponding anti-corrosion treatment measures shall be taken
on the permanent magnet materials used in accordance with the requirements of the equipment
workplace.
6.21 Protective Functions
The excitation system model shall comply with the relevant stipulations in GB/T 7409.2-2020.
7 Performance Requirements for Excitation Systems for
Synchronous Machines
7.1 Output Capability of Excitation Systems
The excitation systems shall be able to output the rated current and continuously operate within
the range of 40% ~ 100% of the rated output voltage.
7.2 Switching to Full Voltage at Slip Ratio
When the synchronous generators are started with reduced voltage, the excitation systems have
a control link that automatically switches to full voltage, and switches to full voltage when the
slip ratio is 0.11 ~ 0.09.
7.3 Switching to Excitation at Slip Ratio
The excitation system shall be able to achieve forward-polarity main excitation switching when
the rotor slip ratio is 0.05 ~ 0.03 and shall be able to output the maximum voltage during
excitation switching.
NOTE: forward-polarity main excitation switching refers to excitation switching when the
excitation current is in a consistent direction as the induced current in the magnetic field
winding of the machines.
7.4 Constant-current Excitation Regulation Deviation
When the grid voltage is 80% ~ 110% of the rated value and the thermal resistance of the
magnetic field winding increases by no more than 10% of the rated resistance value, the
constant-current excitation regulation deviation shall not exceed 5%.
7.5 Constant Reactive Power Excitation Regulation Deviation
When the synchronous machines adopt constant reactive power regulation and the load changes
within the range of no load and twice the rated load, the change in the reactive power of the
synchronous machines shall not exceed 10%.
7.6 Output Voltage Adjustable Range
The output voltage of the excitation systems can be smoothly adjusted within the range of 10%
~ 125% of the rated value.
7.7 Overcurrent and Undercurrent Protection Setting Range
The excitation systems shall be equipped with overcurrent and undercurrent protection. The
adjustable range of overcurrent protection is 80% ~ 170% of the rated value, and the adjustable
range of undercurrent protection is 20% ~ 50% of the rated value.
7.8 Control Voltage Deviation
When the control voltage deviation does not exceed 15% ~ 10%, the excitation systems can
reliably operate.
7.9 Maximum Voltage Multiple
When the grid voltage is 80% of the rated value, the maximum voltage multiple of the excitation
system shall not be less than 1.4.
7.10 Allowable Forced Excitation Time
The allowable forced excitation time is no more than 50 seconds.
7.11 Control Link for Dynamic Braking
When the mode of constant reactive power regulation is adopted, there is a control link for
dynamic braking.
7.12 Capability of Withstanding Overvoltage
When the magnetic field winding is connected in parallel with a starting resistance not greater
than 10 times the rotor resistance, the excitation systems can withstand the overvoltage
generated during the starting and out-of-step processes of the synchronous machines.
7.13 Starting Protection
When the synchronous machines are asynchronously started, if the excitation is applied too
early or is not applied after starting, the excitation systems shall be able to automatically trip
and shut down.
7.14 Out-of-step Protection
When the synchronous machines are out-of-step, the excitation systems shall be able to
immediately cut off the DC output voltage and make the synchronous machines interlock to
shut down.
NOTE: for the excitation systems with out-of-step and re-synchronization links, if re-
synchronization fails, the DC output voltage must be immediately cut off, and the
synchronous machines shall be interlocked to shut down.
7.15 Noise
The noise performance requirements for the excitation systems for synchronous machines shall
comply with the relevant stipulations in 6.15.
e) Excitation regulation and control equipment (excluding transducers that directly
measure stator voltage and current);
f) Other equipment agreed between the users and the manufacturer.
9.2 For easily damaged components and parts, necessary spare parts shall be provided.
10 Marking, Packaging, Transportation and Storage
10.1 Marking
10.1.1 The material of the nameplate and the method of data engraving on the nameplate shall
be indelible during the entire period of use of the machines.
10.1.2 The nameplate shall be fixed on the outside of the excitation systems in an easily visible
position. The items marked on it are as follows:
a) Manufacturer’s name;
b) Equipment name;
c) Equipment model;
d) Serial No. of the Standard being implemented;
e) Rated output voltage, expressed in (V);
f) Rated output current, expressed in (A);
g) Operation control voltage: alternating current (A.C.), direct current (D.C.), expressed
in (V);
h) Manufacturer’s production year, month and production No.
10.2 Packaging
10.2.1 The text and signs on the outer wall of the packaging box shall be clear and neat, and the
content is as follows:
a) Consignee’s name;
b) Consignee’s address;
c) Equipment model and production No.;
d) Net weight of the equipment and gross weight, including the box;
e) Overall dimensions of the box;
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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