GB/T 5171.1-2014 PDF English (GB/T 5171-2002: Older version)
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Small power motors - Part 1: General technical requirements
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General technical conditions of small power motors
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GB/T 5171.1-2014: PDF in English (GBT 5171.1-2014) GB/T 5171.1-2014
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 29.130.39
K 20
Replacing GB/T 5171-2002
Small Power Motors - Part 1: General Technical
Requirements
ISSUED ON: MAY 6, 2014
IMPLEMENTED ON: OCTOBER 28, 2014
Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 4
1 Scope ... 7
2 Normative References ... 7
3 Terms and Definitions ... 9
4 Operating Conditions ... 10
5 Working System and Rating ... 11
6 Measuring Instruments for Tests ... 12
7 Controllers and Motors ... 12
8 Rated Values ... 13
9 Requirements for Structure ... 13
10 Markings ... 13
11 Temperature Rise Test ... 16
12 Efficiency ... 21
13 Test of Dielectric Properties ... 22
14 Leakage Current ... 24
15 Damp Heat Test ... 25
16 Requirements for Performance ... 25
17 Commutation ... 29
18 Noise ... 30
19 Vibration ... 32
20 Safety ... 33
21 Components and Parts ... 34
22 Electromagnetic Compatibility ... 34
23 Service Life ... 36
24 Tolerances ... 36
25 Inspection Rules ... 37
26 Quality Assurance Period ... 41
27 Complete Set ... 41
28 Selection of Motors ... 41
29 Packaging, Transportation and Storage ... 41
30 Green Design ... 42
Appendix A (informative) Determination of No-load Data Limits of Small Power
Motors through Process Capability Index Analysis ... 43
Appendix B (informative) Selection of Motors ... 46
Small Power Motors - Part 1: General Technical
Requirements
1 Scope
This Part of GB/T 5171 specifies the general technical requirements for small power
motors.
This Part is applicable to motors whose maximum continuous rated power does not
exceed 1.1 kW when converted to 1,500 r/min.
This Part is also applicable to other single-phase asynchronous motors with a power
other than the value mentioned above.
The special requirements for various types of motors, and other requirements not
specified in this Part shall be specified in the product standards of the various types of
motors.
2 Normative References
The following documents are indispensable to the application of this document. In
terms of references with a specified date, only versions with a specified date are
applicable to this document. In terms of references without a specified date, the latest
version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 321 Preferred Numbers - Series of Preferred Numbers
GB 755 Rotating Electrical Machines - Rating and Performance
GB/T 1032 Test Procedures for Three-phase Induction Motors
GB/T 1311 Test Procedure for Direct Current Machines
GB 1971 Rotating Electrical Machines - Terminal Markings and Direction of Rotation
GB/T 2423.3 Environmental Testing for Electric and Electronic Products - Part 2:
Testing Method - Test Cab: Damp Heat, Steady State
GB/T 2423.4 Environmental Testing for Electric and Electronic Products - Part 2: Test
Method - Test Db: Damp Heat, Cyclic (12 h + 12 h cycle)
GB/T 2829 Sampling Procedures and Tables for Periodic Inspection by Attributes
(apply to inspection of process stability)
GB/T 17626.5 Electromagnetic Compatibility - Testing and Measurement Techniques -
Surge Immunity Test
GB/T 19142 Packaging for Export Commodity - General Rule
GB/T 22672 Test Procedures for Small Power Synchronous Motors
GB/T 22719.1 Interturn Insulation of Random-wound Winding for AC Low-voltage
Electrical Machines - Part 1: Test Methods
GB/T 23686 Environmentally Conscious Design for Electrical and Electronic Products
GB/T 23688 Guide of Eco-design for Energy-using Products
GB/T 26572 Requirements of Concentration Limits for Certain Restricted Substances
in Electrical and Electronic Products
IEC 60384-14 Fixed Capacitors for Use in Electronic Equipment - Part 14: Sectional
Specification: Fixed Capacitors for Electromagnetic Interference Suppression and
Connection to the Supply Mains
3 Terms and Definitions
What is defined in GB 755, GB/T 2900.25, GB/T 2900.27 and GB 4706.1, and the
following terms and definitions are applicable to this document.
3.1 Brushless Direct Current Motor
Brushless direct current motor refers to a motor that has no brushes or mechanical
commutator, uses the rotor location detection signal to control each phase winding for
electronic commutation.
[GB/T 2900.27-2008, Definition 4.29]
3.2 Frequency-change Motor
Frequency-change motor refers to an AC motor that is powered by a variable-
frequency power source and whose operating speed can be adjusted by changing the
frequency.
3.3 Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
Permanent magnet synchronous motor refers to a synchronous motor whose magnetic
system contains one or more permanent magnets.
[GB/T 2900.27-2008, Definition 4.11]
3.4 Motor Controlled by Controller
4.2.1 Voltage deviation:
When the deviation between the power supply voltage (for AC power, the frequency is
rated) and the rated value does not exceed ± 5%, the motor shall be able to run
continuously, and its output torque shall still be able to maintain the rated value.
When the above-mentioned deviation occurs between the voltage and the rated value,
the temperature rise limit of the motor is allowed to exceed the stipulations in Table 1.
The excess value shall be specified in the standards on the various types of motors.
However, when the voltage deviation reaches the above-mentioned limit, and the
motor runs continuously, the maximum allowable value of the excess temperature rise
limit is 10 K.
4.2.2 Frequency deviation:
When the deviation between the frequency (voltage is rated) and the rated value does
not exceed ± 2%, the AC motor shall be able to run continuously, and its output torque
shall still be able to maintain the rated value.
4.2.3 When deviations simultaneously occur in voltage and frequency (the deviations
respectively do not exceed ± 5% and ± 2%), if the deviations are positive, and the sum
of the two does not exceed 7%, or if the deviations are negative, or respectively positive
and negative, and the sum of the absolute values of the two does not exceed 5%, then,
the output torque of the AC motor shall still be able to maintain the rated value for
continuous operation, the performance and temperature rise shall comply with the
stipulations of 4.2.1.
4.2.4 When the deviations of voltage and frequency from the rated values are greater
than the above-mentioned ranges, but when the deviation directions are the same, the
sum of the two does not exceed 13%, or when the deviation directions are opposite,
the sum of the absolute values of the two does not exceed 10%, the motor shall still
be able to maintain the rated torque for operation. In actual use, if t he motor is required
to operate under this condition, the value, duration and frequency of occurrence shall
be restricted.
4.2.5 Three-phase AC motors shall be able to operate under the condition that the
negative sequence component of the voltage of the three-phase voltage system does
not exceed 1% of the positive sequence component (long-term operation) or does not
exceed 1.5% (short-term operation for not more than a few minutes) and the zero
sequence component does not exceed 1% of the positive sequence component.
5 Working System and Rating
The working system and rating shall comply with the stipulations of GB 755.
controller to run, then, the controller and the motor, as a whole, shall be able to
withstand the various tests specified in this Part, and the controller may be assessed
with reference to GB 14536.1.
For performance tests, the actual functional parameters set by the controller during the
tests shall be indicated in the test report.
8 Rated Values
8.1 The rated output of the motor refers to the mechanical power or mechanical torque
on the shaft, which is expressed in rated power (W) or rated torque (N m).
NOTE: if the rated torque is taken as the rated output, then, it shall be ensured that the
output power (W) = torque (N m) lower limit of speed (r/min) 2/60.
8.2 The rated power (W) shall be selected in accordance with the following rules: 0.4,
0.6, 1.0, 1.6, 2.5, 4, 6, 10, 16, 25, 40, 60, 90, 120, 180, 250, 370, 550, 750, 1100, 1500,
2200; it may also be separately formulated in accordance with the matching demands.
8.3 The rated torque shall be selected in accordance with R20 of GB/T 321 and its
derivative series.
8.4 The rated frequency of AC motors is 50 Hz.
8.5 The rated voltage of the motors is:
a) DC motors (V): 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 110, 220;
b) Single-phase AC motors (V): 12, 24, 36, 42, 110, (115), 220, (230);
c) Three-phase AC motors (V): 36, 42, 220, (230), 380, (400).
For specific special-purpose motors, it may be separately specified in accordance with
the special demands.
NOTE: the values in parentheses are not recommended for priority.
9 Requirements for Structure
Product standards shall specify specific protection degrees, cooling modes, installation
modes, installation dimensions and tolerances, etc.
10 Markings
10.1 Requirements for Appearance
motors and AC commutator motors:
1) Rated output power, W or kW; motors with torque rating are only indicated
with rated output torque;
2) Rated voltage, V;
3) Rated current, A;
4) Rated frequency, Hz;
5) Rated speed, r/min;
6) Capacitor capacitance, μF (only for single-phase capacitor motors);
7) Capacitor working voltage, V (only for single-phase capacitor motors).
b) The rated data indicated on the nameplate of DC motors:
1) Rated output power, W or kW; motors with torque rating are only indicated
with rated output torque;
2) Rated voltage or rated voltage range, V;
3) Rated speed, r/min;
4) Rated excitation voltage, V (only for separately excited motors);
5) Rated excitation current, A (only for separately excited motors).
10.2.4 For the various types of motors (excluding motors for non-specific purposes), if
due to special demands or restriction of the nameplate location, the items indicated in
10.2.2 and 10.2.3 are added or deleted, they shall be specified in the standards of the
various types of motors, but they shall not have an impact on the safe use. a), b), c)
and d) in 10.2.2, and 1), 2) in a), and 1), 2) in b) in 10.2.3 shall at least be indicated;
the corresponding website shall also be indicated, through which, the data of all the
nameplates specified above can be inquired.
10.3 Marking of Rotation Direction
For motors that are only suitable for operation in one rotation direction, a sign indicating
the rotation direction shall be set up on an obvious location (except for motors whose
windings are permanently connected so that there is only one rotation direction).
10.4 Marking of Grounding
For motors equipped with a grounding device, a sign indicating grounding shall be set
up near the grounding device, and this sign shall not fall off during the service life of
the motors.
system shall be less than 0.5% of the positive sequence component; the influence of
the zero sequence component shall be eliminated.
In accordance with the agreement, the measurement of the negative sequence
component of the current system can be used to replace the measurement of the
negative sequence component of the voltage system. The negative sequence
component of the current system shall not exceed 2.5% of the positive sequence
component.
11.3 Determination of Temperature Rise
11.3.1 Temperature measurement method
11.3.1.1 Thermometer method
The adopted “thermometers” include expansion thermometers (such as: mercurial and
alcohol thermometers, etc.), semi-conductor thermometers and non-embedded
thermocouples or resistance thermometers. The thermometer shall be attached to an
accessible surface of the motor. In order to measure the temperature of the surface of
the contact point, the heat conduction from the measuring point to the thermometer
shall be as good as possible; the measuring point and the bulb of the thermometer
shall be properly covered with insulating materials. Where there is an alternating
magnetic field on the motor, mercurial thermometers shall not be used.
11.3.1.2 Thermocouple method
This method is recommended for the measurement of the surface temperature of the
motor parts. It is not recommended for the measurement of the temperature of
windings.
When using a thermocouple to measure the temperature of a winding, it shall be
considered that after the motor is powered off, the temperature of the thermocouple
may continue to rise. Hence, its maximum temperature shall be recorded as the
temperature of the motor winding, and this temperature may be reached after the
power is cut off.
11.3.1.3 Resistance method
The resistance method determines the temperature of a winding based on the relations
that the DC resistance value of the winding increases correspondingly after the
temperature rises, and what it measures is the average temperature of the winding.
When using the resistance method to measure the winding temperature, the winding
temperature measured by the thermometer before the test shall actually be the
temperature of the cooling medium. Hence, before the test, the motor being tested
shall be placed in the cooling medium for a sufficient time, so as to ensure that the
internal temperature of the motor is the same as the temperature of the cooling medium.
For intermittent load, continuously operate in accordance with the specified load cycle,
until the actually the same temperature cycle is reached. The criterion for judgment is:
connect the corresponding points on the two operating cycles into a straight line, and
the gradient shall be less than 2 K/h. If necessary, within a period of time, and at
appropriate time intervals, the measurement shall be conducted. Within the last
operating cycle, the temperature rise at half of the time when the maximum heat is
generated shall not exceed the limits in Table 1.
11.3.4.4 Non-periodic rating (or S9 working system) motors
The temperature rise test shall be carried out in accordance with 11.3.4.1 and the
equivalent continuous rating formulated by the manufacturer. When formulating the
equivalent continuous rating, it shall be based on the S9 working system proposed by
the user that considers the rated load, speed changes and the allowable degree of
overload.
11.3.4.5 Multi-rating motors
The measurement of temperature rise of the motors with multiple ratings shall be
conducted at the rated value when the maximum temperature rise can be generated.
11.4 Limits of Temperature and Temperature Rise of Various Parts of
Motors
11.4.1 When the motor is in rated operation under the environmental conditions
specified in 4.1, the limits of temperature and temperature rise of the various parts of
the motor shall comply with the stipulations of Table 1.
11.4.2 The method of measuring the bearing temperature shall comply with the
relevant stipulations of GB 755. The limits shall be determined in accordance with the
product standards on various types of motors.
11.4.3 For the short-time rating motors, the temperature rise limits of the various parts
are allowed to be increased by 10 K compared to the values specified in Table 1.
11.4.4 For the non-periodic rating motors based on the S9 working system, during
operation, the temperature rise is allowed to occasionally exceed the limits in Table 1.
12 Efficiency
12.1 The efficiency of the motors refers to the ratio of the mechanical output power to
the active input power of the motors, which is usually expressed in a percentage.
12.2 The direct method (a dynamometer is recommended) shall prevail in the efficiency
determination. When using the direct method to determine the efficiency, the motor
tests shall comply with the duration of the temperature rise test specified in 11.3.4;
Before the test, the insulation resistance of the winding shall be measured. If over-
speed, short-time over-torque or accidental over-current tests are required, this test
shall be carried out after these tests. If a temperature rise test is required, then, this
test shall be carried out immediately after the temperature rise test.
The test shall be carried out with the motor in a stationary state.
The test voltage is applied between the tested winding and the casing, and between
the windings. For the inter-connected multi-phase windings, if the beginning and end
of each phase are not separately let out, it can be tested as an individual circuit.
13.3.2 Test voltage
13.3.2.1 The frequency of the test voltage is 50 Hz; the waveform is actually a sine
wave; the capacity of the test equipment is not less than 0.5 kV A; the test voltage
(r.m.s.) is 1,000 V + 2 UN, but 1,500 V at the minimum. For the insulated windings of
the motors with a rated voltage of below 100 V, the test voltage (r.m.s.) is 500 V + 2
UN.
13.3.2.2 For the motors with signal control lines, the test voltage is applied between
the signal lines and the motor windings. The test voltage is consistent with the
requirements of 13.3.2.1 for insulated windings.
13.3.2.3 During the test, the trip current value shall be not greater than 10 mA. After
the damp heat test, the trip current shall be not greater than 30 mA.
13.3.3 Test time
During the test, the applied voltage shall start from no more than half of the full value
of the test voltage, and gradually increase to the full value of the test voltage. The time
for the test voltage to increase from half value to full value shall be not less than 10 s.
The full value voltage test shall last for 1 min. When performing inspections in mass
production, it is allowed to use 120% of the test voltage value specified in 13.3.2 and
a test that lasts for 1 s as a replacement; the test voltage is applied by a test rod.
13.4 Repetitive Electric Strength Test
During the acceptance inspection of the motors, this test shall not be repeatedly
conducted. However, if requested by the user, it is allowed to conduct another electric
strength test. The test voltage shall be 80% of the test voltage value specified in 13.3.2.
If necessary, before the test, the motors shall be dried.
13.5 Inter-turn Insulation Electric Strength Test
Multi-turn coils or windings shall be subjected to the inter-turn insulation test, so as to
assess the inter-turn insulation’s capability of withstanding overvoltage. The test may
adopt the inter-turn impulse electric strength test or short-term elevated voltage test:
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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