GB/T 51063-2014 PDF in English
GB/T 51063-2014 (GB/T51063-2014, GBT 51063-2014, GBT51063-2014)
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Technical code for large and medium-scale biogas engineering
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GB/T 51063-2014: PDF in English (GBT 51063-2014) GB/T 51063-2014
UDC GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
P GB/T 51063-2014
Technical code for large and medium-scale biogas
engineering
ISSUED ON: DECEMBER 02, 2014
IMPLEMENTED ON: AUGUST 01, 2015
Issued by: Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of PRC;
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 6
1 General provisions ... 8
2 Terms and abbreviations ... 9
2.1 Terms ... 9
2.2 Abbreviations ... 10
3 Basic requirements ... 12
4 Biogas station ... 14
4.1 Site selection and general layout ... 14
4.2 Raw materials and pretreatment ... 17
4.3 Anaerobic digestion process and equipments ... 19
4.4 Biogas purification ... 24
4.5 Biogas storage ... 26
4.6 Pipeline accessories, pumps, boosters and metering devices ... 28
4.7 Fire-fighting facilities, water supply and drainage system ... 32
4.8 Electrical device and safety system ... 33
4.9 Heating and ventilation ... 35
5 Transportation and applications of biogas ... 37
6 Construction installation and acceptance ... 39
6.1 General requirements ... 39
6.2 Structure and foundation construction ... 39
6.3 Installation of steel anaerobic digester ... 40
6.4 Biogas purification and installation of storage facilities ... 44
6.5 Pipeline construction ... 45
6.6 Mechanical equipment and electrical instrumentation installation ... 46
6.7 Commissioning ... 48
6.8 Completion and acceptance ... 49
7 Operation and maintenance ... 51
7.1 General requirements ... 51
7.2 Plant facilities ... 51
7.3 Pipes and accessories ... 55
Appendix A The calculations and design of preprocessing pool design ... 57
Appendix B The maximum volume of the double membrane gas cabinet and the
maximum pressure ... 62
Appendix C The horizontal and vertical spacing between buried gas pipelines and
buildings, structures or adjacent pipelines ... 63
Appendix D Explosion hazardous area classification and delineating ... 65
Appendix E Biogas routine laboratory tests and the cycle of inspection ... 68
Explanation of wording in this Code ... 70
List of quoted standards ... 71
Technical code for large and medium-scale biogas
engineering
1 General provisions
1.0.1 In order to standardize the design, construction, installation, acceptance, operation,
maintenance of large and medium-scale biogas engineering, AND to ensure project
quality and safe production, this Code is hereby formulated.
1.0.2 This Code applies to the design, construction and installation, acceptance,
operation and maintenance of the newly-built, expanded, rebuilt biogas engineering,
which uses anaerobic digestion technology to process the agricultural organic waste,
industrial high-concentration organic wastewater, industrial organic waste residue,
sludge, is mainly for gas supply, has a biogas output of not less than 500 m3/d.
1.0.3 Large and medium-sized biogas projects shall actively adopt new technologies,
new processes, new materials, new equipment, on the basis of constantly summarizing
practical experience in production and construction, so as to achieve stable operation,
reliable equipment, advanced technology, economic feasibility.
1.0.4 The design, installation, acceptance, operation and maintenance of large and
medium-sized biogas projects shall not only comply with this Code, but also comply
with the current relevant national standards.
2 Terms and abbreviations
2.1 Terms
2.1.1 Biogas
A combustible mixed gas, which is mainly composed of methane, has a low-level
calorific value not less than 17 MJ/m3 as produced by the digestion of organic matter,
under anaerobic conditions, by microorganisms.
2.1.2 Biogas station
A place which uses anaerobic digestion technology to produce, purity, store biogas.
2.1.3 Large and medium-scale biogas engineering
A biogas project, which adopts the anaerobic digestion process to process agricultural
organic waste, industrial high-concentration organic wastewater, industrial organic
waste residue, sludge, has the biogas output of not less than 500 m3/d; can be used for
civil, power generation, purification and compression. It includes biogas stations,
transmission and distribution pipeline network, user engineering, referred to as "biogas
engineering".
2.1.4 Agricultural organic waste
Organic substances, such as crop straws, which are produced in the process of
agricultural production AND livestock and poultry manure produced in the whole
process of aquaculture production.
2.1.5 High concentration industrial organic wastewater
Liquid organic waste, which has a CODcr content greater than 2000 mg/L, is discharged
from industrial production, such as brewing, papermaking, food processing.
2.1.6 Industrial organic residue
Solid organic waste, which is discharged from industrial production, such as brewing,
sugar refining, starch processing, biopharmaceuticals, paper making, food processing.
2.1.7 Sludge
The sludge, which is produced in primary settling tanks and secondary settling tanks,
in the process of urban sewage treatment. It does not include: screen slag, scum, sand
settling in grit chambers.
2.1.8 Volume organic loading rate
The amount of organic matter, that can be digested per unit volume of anaerobic
digester per day, expressed in kgCODcr/(m3·d).
2.1.9 Cryochem
A method to condense and precipitate saturated water in biogas, by lowering the
temperature.
2.1.10 Bio-desulfurization
A method for removing hydrogen sulfide in biogas, under microaerobic conditions after
the desulfurization bacteria group is cultivated.
2.1.11 Space velocity
The capacity of a unit volume of desulfurizer to treat biogas per hour.
2.1.12 Sulfur sludge
The mixture containing elemental sulfur, sulfite, sulfate and biological metabolites,
which is produced in the process of biological desulfurization.
2.1.13 Anaerobic activated sludge
Suspended matter and colloidal matter, which are formed by the combination of
anaerobic digestion bacteria and flocs and particles, with a strong ability to adsorb and
decompose organic matter; it can also be used as the inoculum for the initial raw
materials of anaerobic digesters.
2.2 Abbreviations
CSTR - Complete stirred tank reactor
USR - Upflow solid reactor
UASB - Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor
IC - Internal circulation anaerobic reactor
EGSB - Expanded granular sludge blanket reactor
HCPF - High concentrations of plug-flow reactor
TS - Total solids
SS - Suspended solids
VS - Volatile solids
4 Biogas station
4.1 Site selection and general layout
4.1.1 The site selection shall conform to the overall planning of urban and rural
construction. It shall meet the following requirements:
1 It should be on the downwind side of the dominant wind direction in the residential
area throughout the year; it shall be far away from the residential area; it shall meet
the requirements of sanitation and epidemic prevention;
2 It should be close to the production area of biogas fermentation raw materials. For
civil biogas projects, a reasonable site shall be selected, according to the
distribution characteristics of gas consumption areas. Biogas projects for power
generation and grid connection shall be close to transmission and power lines;
3 It should choose the natural foundation with solid rock and soil and good anti-
seepage performance; it shall avoid unfavorable geological areas, such as mountain
torrents and landslides;
4 It should have water supply and drainage, power supply conditions, convenient
external transportation;
5 It shall not be selected in the area, which is crossed by overhead power lines;
6 The fire separation distance -- between the open-air process installations inside the
station and the buildings (structures) outside the station -- shall comply with the
relevant provisions of the current national standard 5 "Code of design on building
fire protection and prevention" GB 50016.
4.1.2 The overall layout of the station area shall be divided according to the production
area and production auxiliary area. It shall meet the following requirements:
1 Pretreatment facilities, anaerobic digesters, purification facilities, gas storage
facilities, booster rooms, generator rooms, pump rooms, etc. shall be arranged in
the production area;
2 Auxiliary production facilities such as monitoring room, power distribution room,
laboratory, maintenance room, etc., as well as rooms for management and living
facilities shall be arranged, in the auxiliary production area.
4.1.3 The overall layout of the station area shall be reasonably designed, according to
the functions and technological requirements of various facilities in the station,
combined with terrain, wind direction and other factors. Meanwhile it shall meet the
following requirements:
or near the biogas station; the area of the straw stockyard should be determined
according to the amount of straw purchased and consumed.
4.2.2 Industrial high-concentration organic wastewater, industrial organic waste residue,
sludge raw materials shall not contain toxic substances or inhibitors, that can inhibit
anaerobic fermentation; the BOD5/CODcr shall not be less than 0.3.
4.2.3 Anaerobic fermentation raw materials shall be pretreated; corresponding
pretreatment facilities shall be set up, according to the characteristics of raw materials.
4.2.4 The pretreatment of agricultural organic waste and industrial high-concentration
organic wastewater shall meet the following requirements:
1 For raw materials with a lot of floating debris, grilles shall be installed; the gap
between the grid bars shall be determined, according to the type of raw materials,
flow rate, size of debris, water pump requirements;
2 For raw materials with a lot of sand, grit chambers and de-sanding devices shall be
installed; the minimum effective volume of grit chambers shall be calculated and
determined, based on raw material flow, velocity, viscosity, density, residence time;
3 For raw materials with large fluctuations in water quality, water quantity,
temperature, a regulating tank shall be installed; the minimum effective volume
shall be able to meet the total amount of raw materials, which are discharged in
one cycle of raw material change;
4 The design of grilles, grit chambers, regulating tanks shall comply with the
provisions of Appendix A of this Code.
4.2.5 The pretreatment of straw shall meet the following requirements:
1 Dry straw shall be crushed in the crushing room; the particle size after crushing
should be less than 10 mm;
2 The fresh straw shall be crushed and put into the fresh silo for storage; the crushed
particle size shall be 20 mm ~ 30 mm;
3 Straw raw materials should be uniformly tempered in the blending pool, then enter
the anaerobic digester.
4.2.6 The pretreatment of industrial organic waste residue and sludge shall meet the
following requirements:
1 For industrial organic waste residue or sludge cake, it should set up a collection
tank before entering the anaerobic digester; the minimum effective volume shall
be determined, according to the collection cycle of raw materials or the feeding
cycle of the anaerobic digester;
2 The moisture content of wet sludge after thickening should be 96%.
4.2.7 After various raw materials are pretreated, the temperature and solid concentration
shall be adjusted uniformly; it should not contain suspended solids with a diameter or
length greater than 40 mm.
4.2.8 Reinforced concrete anti-seepage structure should be adopted for the pretreatment
structure, which shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current national
standard "Code for design of concrete structures" GB 50010.
4.3 Anaerobic digestion process and equipments
4.3.1 The anaerobic digestion process and anaerobic digester shall be determined, after
technical and economic comparisons, based on raw material characteristics,
fermentation time, feeding method, feeding conditions.
4.3.2 The temperature of anaerobic digestion process shall be determined according to
the raw material temperature, heat source form and other factors. It shall meet the
following requirements:
1 When the medium-temperature anaerobic digestion process is adopted, the
temperature shall be 35 °C ± 2 °C;
2 When the raw material temperature is higher than 50 °C, the high-temperature
anaerobic digestion process should be selected. The high-temperature anaerobic
digestion temperature should be 55 °C ± 2 °C; it should not exceed 58 °C;
3 After stable operation, the fluctuation range of daily fermentation temperature
should be ±2 °C.
4.3.3 The anaerobic digestion process can be designed as one-stage digestion process
or two-stage digestion process, according to the requirements of the digestion stage.
When a two-stage digestion process is used, the one-stage anaerobic digester shall be
switched with the two-stage anaerobic digester, meanwhile it can be used independently.
4.3.4 For biogas projects with uninterrupted gas supply, the number of anaerobic
digesters shall not be less than 2.
4.3.5 The feeding method of the anaerobic digester can be continuous feeding or batch
feeding. The diameter of the inlet and outlet pipes, the parameters of the feeding
equipment, the heating required to heat the feed liquid to the design temperature shall
be calculated according to the hourly feed amount.
4.3.6 When waste with high solid content is used as raw material, it should use a
completely mixed anaerobic reactor (CSTR), an upflow solid reactor (USR) or a high-
concentration plug-flow reactor (HCPF). When wastewater with high dissolved organic
4.3.18 A pressure stabilizing device should be installed on the gas collecting pipeline
of the anaerobic digester. When a water-sealed pressure stabilizing device is used, the
effective height shall be determined, according to the maximum working pressure of
the anaerobic digester and the gas storage pressure at the back end.
4.3.19 The treatment of anaerobic digested sludge shall meet the following
requirements:
1 The anaerobic digested sludge shall be stored in a sludge storage tank. The volume
of the sludge storage tank shall be determined, according to factors such as the
amount of sludge, the amount of digestion, the digestion cycle;
2 For mechanical dehydration of anaerobic digested sludge, it may select centrifuges,
plate and frame filter presses, screw filter presses or belt filter presses, according
to sludge properties, sludge output, dehydration requirements; the moisture content
of dehydrated sludge shall be less than 80%;
3 The dehydrated sludge shall not be stacked in the open air; it shall be disposed of
in time;
4 The size of the sludge storage yard shall be determined according to the sludge
output and transportation conditions; the ground of the sludge storage yard shall
have anti-seepage and anti-leakage measures.
4.3.20 The disposal and utilization of anaerobic digestion liquid shall comply with the
following requirements:
1 Anaerobic digestion solution should be given priority to agricultural use;
2 The storage pool shall be able to meet the requirements of balanced fertilization of
the crops; its volume shall be determined, according to the amount of anaerobic
digestion liquid, storage time, utilization method, utilization cycle, local rainfall,
evaporation.
4.4 Biogas purification
4.4.1 The biogas produced by the anaerobic digester shall be desulfurized, dehydrated,
purified. The selection of purification process shall be determined, after technical and
economic comparison, based on the different uses of biogas, processing capacity, biogas
quality indicators, in combination with local environmental temperature and other
factors.
4.4.2 Biogas desulfurization should adopt biological desulfurization, dry
desulfurization or wet desulfurization.
4.4.3 When the quality of biogas after first-stage desulfurization cannot meet the
requirements, two-stage desulfurization shall be adopted; dry desulfurization should be
used for the second stage.
4.4.4 The design of desulfurization process shall meet the following requirements:
1 Biological desulfurization shall be installed at the front of the dehydration device;
2 The dry desulfurization shall be installed at the back end of the dehydration device;
3 The desulfurization device shall be equipped with backup equipment;
4 Valves shall be installed before and after the desulfurization device;
5 Detection ports shall be reserved before and after the desulfurization device;
6 The disposal of waste desulfurizer and sulfur sludge shall meet the requirements of
environmental protection.
4.4.5 The process design of biological desulfurization shall meet the following
requirements:
1 The biological desulfurization system should be equipped with biological
desulfurization tower, circulating water tank, circulating pump, blower, slag
discharge pump, dosing pump, etc.;
2 The desulfurization tower shall be easy to clean, maintain, overhaul; it shall be
equipped with observation windows and manholes;
3 A temperature sensor and a heating device shall be installed in the circulating water
tank;
4 The biogas pipeline behind the biological desulfurization should be equipped with
an online oxygen content monitoring system, which shall be linked with the fan;
the residual oxygen content in the biogas shall be less than 1%;
5 The nutrient solution required for biological desulfurization shall meet the
requirements for the survival of desulfurization bacteria;
6 The desulfurization effect of the biological desulfurization device shall meet the
process requirements.
4.4.6 The process design of dry desulfurization shall meet the following requirements:
1 Iron oxide should be used as the desulfurizer; the space velocity of the desulfurizer
should be 200 h-1 ~ 400 h-1;
2 The pressure drop when the biogas passes through the bed of desulfurizer for the
first time shall be less than 100 Pa;
time;
3 When used for purification and compression, the gas storage volume should be
determined, according to 10% ~ 30% of the daily gas consumption;
4 When determining the volume of a single gas cabinet, the scheduling balance of the
gas supply system during the maintenance of the gas cabinet shall be considered.
For users with uninterrupted gas supply, the number of gas cabinets should not be
less than 2.
4.5.3 The gas cabinet shall be equipped with an automatic overpressure release device
and a low-pressure alarm device.
4.5.4 The process design of membrane gas cabinets shall meet the following
requirements:
1 Membrane gas cabinet shall be composed of gas cabinet body, gas cabinet pressure
stabilization system, leak detection system, gas volume detection system,
overpressure release device, etc.;
2 The outer membrane should be anti-static, high-strength flame-retardant material,
which has good reflective effect, anti-ultraviolet, aging resistance, low temperature
resistance;
3 The inner membrane and the bottom membrane shall be made of high-strength
flame-retardant materials, that are anti-biogas penetration, wear-resistant, wrinkle-
resistant, hydrogen sulfide-resistant;
4 The pressure stabilization system of the gas cabinet shall include blown-membrane
explosion-proof fans, flexible gas ducts, butterfly valves, pressure regulating
devices and air ducts; blown-membrane explosion-proof fans shall be equipped
with spare equipment;
5 The methane concentration sensor in the leak detection system should be installed
on the inner top of the outer membrane, which shall transmit the alarm signal to
the control room;
6 The gas volume detection system shall be able to instantly display the biogas
storage in the gas cabinet;
7 The outer membrane shall be equipped with observation windows; the position of
the observation windows shall be convenient for observing the condition of the
inner membrane;
8 The independent membrane gas cabinet shall be provided with a foundation, which
shall be dense and flat, with a slope not less than 0.02, sloping to the drain pipe;
9 The shape of the independent membrane gas cabinet should be 3/4 spherical or
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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