GB/T 45493-2025 PDF English
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GB/T 45493-2025: Requirements of implementation of motor vehicle products recall based on over-the-air update technology
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GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.020
CCS T 40
Requirements of implementation of motor vehicle products
recall based on over-the-air update technology
Issued on. MARCH 28, 2025
Implemented on. JANUARY 01, 2026
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 4
2 Normative references... 4
3 Terms and definitions... 4
4 Abbreviations... 6
5 Implementation procedure... 7
6 General requirements... 7
6.1 Compliance requirements... 7
6.2 Classification requirements... 8
6.3 Security guarantee requirements... 8
7 Filing requirements... 9
7.1 Filing for technical service activities based on over-the-air update technology... 9
7.2 Filing for recall activity based on over-the-air update... 9
8 Requirements for the implementation of recall activities... 11
8.1 Recall notice... 11
8.2 Update log... 12
8.3 Supervision of over-the-air update process... 12
9 Recall effect evaluation requirements... 14
9.1 Evaluation method... 14
9.2 Verification of the effectiveness of recall measures... 14
9.3 Assessment of recall additional effect of measures... 15
1 Scope
This document establishes the implementation procedures for recall activities and
technical service activities based on over-the-air update technology. It stipulates the
overall requirements, filing requirements, recall activity implementation process
requirements and recall effect evaluation requirements.
This document applies to product recall activities and technical service activities carried
out by automobile product manufacturers based on over-the-air update technology.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 34402-2017, Safety of motor vehicle product -- Guidelines for risk assessment
and risk control
GB/T 39603-2020, Guidelines for the Recall Effectiveness Evaluation of Defective
Motor Vehicle Products
GB/T 43387, Product recall - Vocabulary
GB 44495-2024, Technical requirements for vehicle cybersecurity
GB 44496-2024, General technical requirements for software update of vehicles
GB/T 45496, Motor vehicle product recall -- Guidelines for information defect
assessment
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions defined in GB/T 39603-
2020, GB/T 43387, GB 44496-2024 as well as the followings apply.
3.1 software
The part of an electronic control system that consists of digital data and instructions.
[Source. GB 44496-2024, 3.1]
3.2 software update
The process of updating a certain version of software (3.1) to a new version (including
changing the configuration parameters of the software) through an update package.
3.3 over-the-air update; OTA update
A software update (3.2) in which the update is transferred to the vehicle wirelessly
rather than using cables or other local connections.
3.4 software download
The process of transferring software (3.1) from one computer system to another.
NOTE. The computer system includes vehicles, backend servers, etc.
3.5 update package
Software package for software update (3.2).
[Source. GB 44496-2024, 3.6, modified]
3.6 rollback
The process of undoing the current operation or change and restoring the system to the
original version state before the operation or change was performed.
3.7 recall activity based on over-the-air update
The entire process by which manufacturers take measures to eliminate defects or
emission hazards in already sold automotive products through over-the-air update.
3.8 technical service activities based on over-the-air update technology
The process by which manufacturers provide technical solutions to non-defect issues
for already sold automotive products through over-the-air update.
3.9 update scope
The boundary involved by over-the-air update to solve problems, add new features or
improve performance.
NOTE. For example, product production start and end dates, production batch number or batch, etc.
3.10 recall parts
Electronic control units and software that implements recall activities through over-the-
air update to eliminate defects.
4 Abbreviations
The following abbreviations apply to this document.
HMI. Human Machine Interface
HUD. Heads Up Display
IVI. In-Vehicle Infotainment
MCU. Microcontroller Unit
PKI. Public Key Infrastructure
VIN. Vehicle Identification Number
5 Implementation procedure
5.1 Over-the-air update activities include technical service activities based on over-the-
air update technology and recall activity based on over-the-air update.
5.2 The implementing entities of over-the-air update activities include manufacturers,
recall authorities, recall technical institutions, etc.
5.3 Manufacturers shall comply with the implementation procedures shown in Figure 1
when carrying out technical service activities based on over-the-air update technology
and recall activity based on over-the-air update.
6 General requirements
6.2.2 When manufacturers use over-the-air update technology to add new functions or
improve performance, they shall conduct risk assessment or emission hazard
assessment on the updated automotive products. Activities are classified according to
the assessment results.
6.3 Security guarantee requirements
Manufacturers shall establish management systems and guarantee capabilities that are
compatible with over-the-air update activities to ensure the safety of vehicles during
and after the implementation of recall activity based on over-the-air update and
technical service activities based on over-the-air update technology.
- The process of over-the-air update shall comply with the requirements of Chapter
4 and Chapter 5 of GB 44496-2024;
- It is not advisable to update while driving unless the update procedure requires it.
In this case, make sure the vehicle is in a safe state during the update process;
- For the execution process of over-the-air updates that may affect the safe use of the
vehicle, other technical measures shall be taken to ensure the safety of the vehicle
during the update process;
- For vehicle over-the-air updates that may fail or have errors, ensure that the on-
board software update system is restored to a previously available version or the
vehicle is in a safe state in a timely manner.
7 Filing requirements
7.1 Filing for technical service activities based on over-the-air update technology
The time requirements for manufacturers to file technical service activities based on
over-the-air update technology are as follows.
7.1.2 Filing contents
When a manufacturer records a technical service activity based on over-the-air update,
the content of the record includes basic vehicle information, basic update service
information, update package information, cloud platform information and safety
protection information.
7.2 Filing for recall activity based on over-the-air update
7.2.1 Filing time
The time requirements for manufacturers to file recall activity based on over-the-air
update are as follows.
- The manufacturer shall complete the recall plan filing in accordance with the
requirements of the recall authority within 5 working days after confirming the
defect or emission hazard;
- The manufacturer shall complete the over-the-air update information filing within
5 working days before the recall is implemented. If the filed update information
changes, it shall be updated within 20 working days.
7.2.2 Filing contents
7.2.2.1 Recall plan
The recall plan for recall activity based on over-the-air update filed by the manufacturer
shall clearly state the update scope, recall measures and principles, proof of
effectiveness of measures, planned recall completion rate, etc.
7.2.2.2 Update information
7.2.2.2.1 Basic information
Basic information includes basic vehicle information, basic update service information,
update package information, cloud platform information and security protection
information.
If the manufacturer has not completed the preparation of over-the-air update
information when filing a recall plan, the manufacturer shall clearly state the principles
of the over-the-air update recall measures and the effectiveness proof of the measures
in the recall plan filing materials, and then issue a recall announcement.
7.2.2.2.2 Update strategy information
The update strategy information includes but is not limited to the following.
- Update strategy, clearly specify the implementation plan and goals in batches or
regions;
- Update strategy effectiveness evaluation plan, grayscale definition, supporting
after-sales strategy and emergency response measures.
7.2.2.2.3 Update package information
The update package information includes but is not limited to the following.
- Update package naming rules, data format, and corresponding controller version
information before and after the update;
- Update package security policy, including certificate information, encryption
algorithm or mode (if encrypted).
Certification that the update package information security complies with GB 44495-
2024 provided by the manufacturer OR update package security evaluation report and
vulnerability security test report provided by a third-party testing agency. If the over-
the-air update method is differential update, the original update package, as well as
differential algorithm or restoration method, and signature verification method related
information shall be provided.
7.2.2.2.4 Update component information
The update component information includes but is not limited to the following.
- Basic information of the update component, including the main MCU, operating
system, software version and other hardware and software information and their
functional changes;
- Software and hardware information of controllers related to the update component
and their functional changes;
- Electronic and electrical architecture information such as network topology and in-
vehicle network communication methods related to the system involved in the
update component;
- Units, subsystems and vehicle functions and information security test reports of the
update component and related systems.
8 Requirements for the implementation of recall activities
8.1 Recall notice
8.1.1 Notice content
The content of the recall notice shall at least include the recall parts, description of the
defect, possible consequences of the defect, update duration, vehicle condition
conditions that must be met during the update, and disposal measures for update failure.
8.1.2 Notification method
8.1.2.1 The manufacturer may issue a recall notice in the following ways, including but
not limited to.
- Registered mail;
- Vehicle-side methods such as vehicle-mounted HMI, vehicle-mounted IVI,
instrumentation, HUD, etc.;
- Mobile phone text messages, mobile phone applications (Apps), etc.
8.1.2.2 The vehicle-side notification method shall be preferred. If the vehicle-side
notification method cannot be used due to vehicle hardware or software problems, the
vehicle-side method can be used, but the notification shall be recordable and traceable.
8.1.2.3 If the vehicle user still has not updated after the manufacturer has confirmed
and notified the vehicle user 5 times or more, a symbolic warning reminder can be
issued on the vehicle end. The warning reminder is designed by the manufacturer and
shall include obvious warning words.
8.2 Update log
8.2.1 Log transmission
The manufacturer shall upload the update log to the intelligent connected vehicle safety
big data cloud platform in a timely manner.
8.2.2 Log content
The update log shall include but not be limited to the following.
- Cloud service platform system management log, including update completion
status, update failure reason information and information security logs during the
update process;
- Vehicle-cloud interaction log, including information, time, version number
information before and after the update, update result, and update completion
time information received by the vehicle-side over-the-air update request from
the cloud;
- Execution log of the controller to be updated on the vehicle-side, including version
information before and after the update of the controller to be updated, update
execution time, update times, update results, update result judgment, and
controller version information after the update;
- User HMI confirmation log, including user HMI confirmation information display
time, display mode, user confirmation over-the-air update time, and user
confirmation over-the-air update result information;
- In-vehicle over-the-air update communication log, including update scope
confirmation, update package download time, over-the-air update vehicle status,
and update start and end time information.
8.3 Supervision of over-the-air update process
8.3.1 Manufacturers
8.3.2 Recall authority
8.3.2.1 The recall authority shall review the over-the-air update log submitted by the
manufacturer to verify whether the recall notice issued by the manufacturer complies
with the requirements of the recall authority, whether the vehicle users can receive the
remote recall notice, and whether the implementation of the recall activity complies
with the recall plan filed by the manufacturer.
9 Recall effect evaluation requirements
9.1 Evaluation method
The recall of automobile products based on over-the-air update technology shall be
evaluated in accordance with GB/T 39603-2020.The overall completion of over-the-
air update and offline update shall be comprehensively evaluated. If necessary, the
effectiveness of the recall measures shall be verified.
9.2 Verification of the effectiveness of recall measures
After the recall of over-the-air update is implemented, if a large number of user
complaints occur, the effectiveness of the measures shall be verified from the aspects
of functional verification and information security verification. Among them, a large
number of user complaints refers to when the number of valid complaints is greater than
or equal to 50, or when the number of valid complaints is less than 50 but the ratio is
greater than 5/1000.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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