GB/T 4334-2020 PDF English
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Corrosion of metals and alloys - Test methods for intergranular corrosion of austenitic and ferritic-austenitic (duplex) stainless steels
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| GB/T 4334-2008 | English | 759 |
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Corrosion of metals and alloys -- Test methods for intergranular corrosion of stainless steels
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| GB/T 4334.1-2000 | English | 439 |
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Method of ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid test for stainless steels
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| GB/T 4334.1-1984 | English | RFQ |
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Stainless steels--10 percent oxalic acid etch test
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GB/T 4334-2020: Corrosion of metals and alloys - Test methods for intergranular corrosion of austenitic and ferritic-austenitic (duplex) stainless steels
---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT4334-2020
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 77.060
H 25
Replacing GB/T 4334-2008
Corrosion of metals and alloys - Test methods for
intergranular corrosion of austenitic and ferritic-
austenitic (duplex) stainless steels
[ISO 3651-1:1998, Determination of resistance to intergranular corrosion of
stainless steels - Part 1: Austenitic and ferritic-austenitic (duplex) stainless steels
- Corrosion test in nitric acid medium by measurement of loss in mass (Huey
test); ISO 3651-2:1998, Determination of resistance to intergranular corrosion of
stainless steels - Part 2: Ferritic, austenitic and ferritic-austenitic (duplex)
stainless steels - Corrosion test in media containing sulfuric acid, MOD]
ISSUED ON: APRIL 28, 2020
IMPLEMENTED ON: NOVEMBER 01, 2020
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative references ... 6
3 Method summary ... 7
4 Method A 10% oxalic acid corrosion test method ... 16
5 Method B 50% sulfuric acid-ferric sulfate corrosion test method ... 24
6 Method C 65% nitric acid corrosion test method ... 26
7 Method E copper-copper sulfate-16% sulfuric acid corrosion test method . 27
8 Method F copper-copper sulfate-35% sulfuric acid corrosion test method . 30
9 Method G 40% sulfuric acid-ferric sulfate corrosion test method ... 32
Appendix A (Informative) Structural changes of this Standard compared with
ISO 3651-1:1998 and ISO 3651-2:1998 ... 33
Appendix B (Informative) Technical differences between this Standard and ISO
3651-1:1998 and ISO 3651-2:1998 and their reasons ... 35
Appendix C (Informative) Test methods and characteristics of this Standard 36
Appendix D (Informative) Scope of application of Method E, Method F and
Method G ... 37
Corrosion of metals and alloys - Test methods for
intergranular corrosion of austenitic and ferritic-
austenitic (duplex) stainless steels
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the samples, test solutions, test instruments and
equipment, test conditions and procedures, test result evaluation and test report
of test methods for intergranular corrosion of austenitic and ferritic-austenitic
(duplex) stainless steels.
This Standard applies to the inspection of intergranular corrosion tendency of
austenitic stainless steels and ferritic-austenitic (duplex) stainless steels
(hereinafter referred to as duplex stainless steels). It includes the following test
methods:
a) Method A: 10% oxalic acid corrosion test method
It is a screening test to check the intergranular corrosion of austenitic
stainless steels. After the sample is electrolytically etched in 10% oxalic
acid solution, observe the metallographic structure of the etched surface
under a microscope, so as to determine whether Method B, Method C,
Method E and other long-time hot acid tests are required. In the case of
not allowing damage to the tested structural parts and equipment, it can
also be used as an independent intergranular corrosion inspection method.
b) Method B: 50% sulfuric acid-ferric sulfate corrosion test method
Place the austenitic stainless steels in the 50% sulfuric acid-ferric sulfate
solution for a boiling test; then, use the corrosion rate to evaluate the
intergranular corrosion tendency.
c) Method C: 65% nitric acid corrosion test method
Place the austenitic stainless steels in the 65% nitric acid solution for a
boiling test; then, use the corrosion rate to evaluate the intergranular
corrosion tendency.
d) Method E: copper-copper sulfate-16% sulfuric acid corrosion test method
Place the austenitic stainless steels and duplex stainless steels in the
copper-copper sulfate-16% sulfuric acid solution for a boiling test; then,
use the bending method or the metallographic method to determine the
intergranular corrosion tendency.
e) Method F: copper-copper sulfate-35% sulfuric acid corrosion test method
Place the austenitic stainless steels and duplex stainless steels in the
copper-copper sulfate-35% sulfuric acid solution for a boiling test; then,
use the bending method or the metallographic method to determine the
intergranular corrosion tendency.
f) Method G: 40% sulfuric acid-ferric sulfate corrosion test method
Place the austenitic stainless steels and duplex stainless steels in the 40%
sulfuric acid-ferric sulfate solution for a boiling test; then, use the bending
method or the metallographic method to determine the intergranular
corrosion tendency.
Appendix C of this Standard gives the characteristics of each test method in the
form of a table; Appendix D gives the application examples of method E, method
F, and method G.
The test methods in this Standard are not applicable to predicting the
intergranular corrosion resistance of stainless steels under other media, nor to
predicting the corrosion resistance of stainless steels to other forms of corrosion
(such as pitting corrosion, uniform corrosion, stress corrosion).
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the dated version applies to this document. For
undated references, the latest edition (including all amendments) applies to this
document.
GB/T 625, Chemical reagent - Sulfuric acid (GB/T 625-2007, ISO 6353-
2:1983, NEQ)
GB/T 626, Chemical reagent - Nitric acid (GB/T 626-2006, ISO 6353-2:1983,
NEQ)
GB/T 655, Chemical reagent - Ammonium persulfate
GB/T 665, Chemical reagent - Copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate (GB/T 665-
2007, ISO 6353-2:1983, NEQ)
GB/T 2100, Corrosion-resistant steel castings for general applications (GB/T
2100-2017, ISO 11972:2015, MOD)
cannot be ground or pickled, the surface cannot be oxidized during heat
treatment.
3.1.9 During the cutting and surface grinding process of samples for Method B,
Method C, Method E, Method F, Method G , the surface shall be prevented from
overheating; the surface roughness Ra value of the processed sample shall
generally be no more than 0.8 μm. For samples that cannot be ground, other
surface roughness can also be used according to the agreement between the
two parties.
Table 1 -- Sample size and preparation requirements of Method B and
Method C
Classification
Thickness or
diameter a
mm
Sample size
mm
Number of
samples
pcs
Note
Length Width Thickness
Steel plate,
strip (flat
steel)
≤3 30±10 20±10 - 2 Take samples along the rolling direction
>3 30±10 20±10 3~4 2
Take samples along the
rolling direction; process one
sample from one side to the
thickness of the sample;
process the other sample
from the other side to the
thickness of the sample
Section
steel,
forging
- 30±10 20±10 3~4 2
Take samples longitudinally
from the middle of the cross
section
Steel rod
(steel wire)
≤10 30±10 - - 2 -
>10 30±10 ≤20 ≤5 2
Take samples longitudinally
from the middle of the cross
section
Seamless
steel tube
< 5 30±10 - - 2 Take a full-tubular sample
5~15 30±10 - - 2 Take a semi-tubular or boat-shaped sample
>15 30±10 ≤20 -
Wall
thickness <
4 mm
2 -
Wall
thickness ≥
4 mm
Process one group (2
samples) from the outer wall
to the thickness of the
sample; process the other
group (2 samples) from the
inner wall to the thickness of
the sample
1 -- welding sample;
2 -- welding sample;
3 -- welding plate.
Figure 6 -- Cross weld sampling
3.2 Sample sensitization
3.2.1 For ultra-low carbon stainless steels (whose carbon content is not more
than 0.030%) and stabilized stainless steels (that are added titanium or
niobium), when evaluating the intrinsic intergranular corrosion sensitivity, the
sample shall be sensitized before the test; the sensitization system of the
sample is determined through consultation between the supplier and the buyer.
For austenitic stainless steels, the recommended sensitization system is 650 °C
± 10 °C, heat preservation of 2 h, air cooling. For duplex stainless steels, the
recommended sensitization system is 700 °C ±10 °C, 30 min, water cooling; or
650 °C ± 10 °C, 10 min, water cooling.
3.2.2 For other stainless steels, whether the sample needs to be sensitized and
which sensitization system is adopted shall be determined through consultation
by the product standard or between the supplier and the buyer.
3.2.3 Welding samples are generally tested after welding. Welded parts that are
subjected to hot working above 350°C after butt welding shall be sensitized
after welding. The sensitization system is negotiated by both parties.
3.2.4 The sample sensitization shall be performed before grinding. Before
sensitization and before the test, use an appropriate solvent or detergent (non-
chloride) to degrease and dry the sample.
4 Method A -- 10% oxalic acid corrosion test method
4.1 Test solution
4.1.1 Dissolve 100 g of high-grade pure oxalic acid in accordance with GB/T
9854 in 900 mL of distilled water or deionized water, to prepare a 10% oxalic
acid solution.
4.1.2 For the molybdenum-containing steel, when it is difficult to have a stepped
structure, use 100 g of analytically pure ammonium persulfate in accordance
with GB/T 655 to dissolve in 900 mL of distilled water or deionized water, to
prepare a 10% ammonium persulfate solution instead of 10% oxalic acid
solution.
The test report shall include the following contents:
a) number and name of this Standard;
b) test method;
c) name of the sample and size of the test area;
d) current density;
e) etching time and temperature;
f) metallographic photograph after etching;
g) judgment result.
5 Method B -- 50% sulfuric acid-ferric sulfate corrosion
test method
5.1 Test solution
5.1.1 Slowly add 236 mL of guaranteed pure sulfuric acid in accordance with
GB/T 625 to a conical flask that is filled with 400 mL of distilled water to prepare
a 50% (49.4% ~ 50.9%) sulfuric acid solution (pay attention to prevent bumping).
5.1.2 Weigh 25 g of hydrated ferric sulfate [Fe2(SO4)3·xH2O]; add about 75%
(mass fraction) of ferric sulfate to the above sulfuric acid solution.
5.1.3 To prevent bumping, it is recommended to add debris that is made of pure
aluminum oxide to the test solution.
5.1.4 Connect the flask to the condenser and pass cooling water; heat to boil
the solution until all the ferric sulfate is dissolved.
5.1.5 Pay attention to eye protection and wear protective gloves during
operation. Place the test flask in a fume hood.
5.2 Test instruments and equipment
5.2.1 It is recommended to use a 1 L ground conical flask that has a reflux
condenser.
5.2.2 Heating device to keep the test solution slightly boiling.
5.2.3 Vernier caliper whose accuracy is not less than 0.02 mm;
5.3 Test conditions and procedures
Wafter -- sample mass after the test, in grams (g);
S -- total area of the sample, in square meters (m2);
t -- test time, in hours (h).
5.5 Test report
The test report shall include the following contents:
a) number and name of this Standard;
b) test method;
c) name of the sample and size area;
d) the sensitization system shall be recorded if it is sensitized;
e) test time;
f) sample mass before and after the test;
g) corrosion rate of the sample [g/(m2·h)].
6 Method C -- 65% nitric acid corrosion test method
6.1 Test solution
Use distilled water or deionized water to prepare the guaranteed pure nitric acid
in accordance with GB/T 626 into 65.0% ± 0.2% (mass fraction) nitric acid
solution (ρ20 = 1.40 g/mL).
6.2 Test instruments and equipment
Same as 5.2.
6.3 Test conditions and procedures
6.3.1 Measure the size of the sample; calculate the surface area of the sample
(take 3 significant digits).
6.3.2 Weigh the sample before the test (accurate to 1 mg).
6.3.3 Put the sample in the test solution; use a glass holder to keep it in the
middle of the solution. The amount of solution is calculated according to the
surface area of the sample; its amount is not less than 20 mL/cm2. Apply new
test solution for every cycle. Put only one sample in each container.
8.3.4 Place the flask on the heating device; pass cooling water; heat the test
solution to keep it slightly boiling. Continue the test for 20 h ± 5 h. In case of
dispute, 20 h shall be used.
8.3.5 After the test, take out the sample; wash, dry and bend.
8.3.6 Use new solution for each test.
8.4 Test result evaluation
8.4.1 The bending angle of samples is not less than 90°; the boat-shaped
sample of the welded pipe is bent along the direction of the vertical welded
seam; the welded joint is bent along the fusion line. For materials of low
toughness, use an untested sample to determine the maximum bending angle
without cracking, which is used as the bending angle of the bending test.
8.4.2 For press-processed parts, the diameter of the indenter for bending the
sample shall not be greater than twice the thickness of the sample; for steel
castings, welded pipes and welded parts, the diameter of the indenter for
bending the sample shall not be greater than 4 times the thickness of the
sample.
8.4.3 For the full-tubular sample whose diameter is not greater than 15 mm,
when the flattening test is used for evaluation, the distance H between the two
pressing plates is calculated according to Formula (2).
8.4.4 For bent samples, observe the outer surface of the curved sample for
cracks due to intergranular corrosion under a 10× magnifying glass. Cracks that
are generated from the edges and corners of the curved part of the sample, as
well as slip lines, wrinkles, and rough surfaces that are not accompanied by
cracks, cannot be considered as cracks that are caused by intergranular
corrosion.
8.4.5 When the sample cannot be evaluated for bending or the bending crack
is difficult to determine, use the metallographic method. The metallographic
grinding plate shall be taken from the non-bent part of the sample (except for
the welded joint and welded pipe); after etching (no over-corrosion), observe
under a microscope (150× ~ 500×); the allowable depth of intergranular
corrosion is determined by the supplier and the buyer through consultation.
Note: If it is suspected that the crack is caused by bending, perform the same
bending for a sample that has not undergone the corrosion test in the
same way; after bending, perform a comparison to determine whether
the crack that is seen on the corrosion test sample is caused by
intergranular corrosion.
8.5 Test report
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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