GB/T 38285-2019 PDF in English
GB/T 38285-2019 (GB/T38285-2019, GBT 38285-2019, GBT38285-2019)
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Brakes for motorcycles and mopeds
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GB/T 38285-2019: PDF in English (GBT 38285-2019) GB/T 38285-2019
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.140
T 82
Brakes for motorcycles and mopeds
ISSUED ON: DECEMBER 10, 2019
IMPLEMENTED ON: JULY 01, 2020
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative references ... 4
3 Terms and definitions ... 4
4 Requirements ... 6
5 Test methods ... 10
Annex A (normative) Bench test of brake performance ... 20
Annex B (informative) Test record table for crushing pressure of brake cover
... 25
Annex C (informative) Test record table ... 26
Brakes for motorcycles and mopeds
1 Scope
This Standard specifies requirements and test methods for brakes for
motorcycles and mopeds (hereinafter referred to as “brakes”).
This Standard is applicable to hydraulic disc brakes, mechanical drum brakes
for motorcycles and mopeds.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of
this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
GB 16897, Brake hose - Structure, performance and test methods
QC/T 311, Performance requirements and bench test methods of motor
vehicle brake master cylinder
QC/T 556, Automobile Brake Temperature Measurement and Thermocouple
Mounting
QC/T 572, Directives for motor vehicle cleanness - Measuring method
QC/T 592, Performance requirements and Bench test methods for Hydraulic
brake caliper assembly
QC/T 781, Braking disc for motorcycles and mopeds
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 mechanical drum brake
A brake that uses mechanical means to force the brake shoes to contact or
separate from the brake ring to create or eliminate the brake function.
3.2 hydraulic disc brake
The phenomenon that after a brake has water recession, the brake
performance is restored due to the humidity drop.
3.12 drag torque
The residual disc rotation torque when the hydraulic pressure or thrust of a
brake is released.
3.13 caliper sliding resistance
The resistance of floating brake caliper moving on sliding shaft.
4 Requirements
4.1 Basic requirements
4.1.1 The brake shall be manufactured according to the product drawings and
technical documents approved by the prescribed procedures, in accordance
with the provisions of this Standard.
4.1.2 The materials and related parts used for the brake shall meet the
requirements of the relevant technical documents.
4.2 Hydraulic disc brake
4.2.1 Brake master cylinder
4.2.1.1 Tightness
The vacuum tightness, pneumatic tightness and hydraulic tightness of the brake
master cylinder shall comply with the provisions of QC/T 311.
4.2.1.2 Piston invalid stroke
Invalid stroke is (1.1±0.7) mm at the piston of the master cylinder or the value
required by the vehicle manufacturer.
4.2.1.3 Piston reset time
The no-load reset time of the master cylinder piston shall not exceed 0.5s.
4.2.1.4 Followability of oil sump gasket
In the followability test of the oil sump gasket of the brake master cylinder, the
liquid level in the oil sump can drop smoothly.
4.2.1.5 Compressive strength
4.2.2.7 Torsional fatigue strength
After the torsional fatigue strength test, the brake caliper shall not produce
deformation or damage that affects the performance. There shall be no
hydraulic leakage during the entire test.
4.2.2.8 Vibration durability
The vibration durability of the brake caliper shall meet the requirements of QC/T
592.
4.2.2.9 Waterproof performance
The waterproof performance of the brake caliper shall meet the requirements
of QC/T 592.
4.2.3 Brake disc
Brake discs for motorcycles and mopeds shall meet the relevant requirements
of QC/T 781.
4.2.4 Brake tube
Brake tubes for motorcycles and mopeds shall meet the relevant requirements
of GB 16897.
4.2.5 Assembly
4.2.5.1 Tightness
After the assembly is tested for tightness, there shall be no leakage at all
connections.
4.2.5.2 Durability
4.2.5.2.1 Endurance at room temperature
After the room temperature endurance test, there shall be no parts damage, no
leakage, and the assembly can still work normally.
4.2.5.2.2 Endurance at high temperature
After the high temperature endurance test, there shall be no parts damage, no
leakage, and the assembly can still work normally.
4.2.5.2.3 Endurance at low temperature
After the low temperature endurance test, there shall be no parts damage, no
leakage, and the assembly can still work normally.
a) Drain the brake fluid from the sample. Close the drain hole. Connect to
the vacuum source from the sample cup opening;
b) When the vacuum inside the sample reaches -98kPa±2kPa, turn off the
vacuum source. Measure the pressure rise within 5s.
5.1.1.1.2 Air tightness
The air tightness test is carried out as follows:
a) Open the sample cup lid. Drain the brake fluid from the sample. Use the
push rod of the driving device to push the brake handle or piston of the
sample until push to exceed the maximum initial pressure build-up stroke
of the sample;
b) Connect the oil outlet of the sample to the test gas source. Adjust the air
source pressure to 50kPa±2kPa. Turn off the air source;
c) Measure the pressure drop of the sample brake cavity within 10s after
stabilizing for 3s~5s;
d) Return the push rod of the drive unit to its original position;
e) The sample oil cup cover is assembled to the brake master cylinder
according to the actual assembly state;
f) Adjust the air source pressure to 0.5MPa±0.05MPa. Maintain 10s. Observe
whether there is air leakage at the sample and the oil cup. When using
plastic oil cups for samples, observe whether there are deformations that
affect the function.
5.1.1.1.3 Hydraulic tightness
The hydraulic tightness test is carried out according to the following steps:
a) Connect the sample to the load device and pressure measurement device
to form a circuit that simulates the state of the real car;
b) Fill the sample oil cup with brake fluid to the upper limit of the oil level to
fill the test circuit with brake fluid;
c) Use the push rod of the driving device to push the brake handle or piston
of the sample. When the maximum working hydraulic pressure of the
sample is established in the brake cavity of the sample, keep the putter
position unchanged. After pressure stabilization for 3s~5s, measure the
pressure drop of the sample brake cavity within 30s;
d) Use the push rod of the driving device to push the brake handle or piston
The test method for the tightness of the bleed screw of the brake caliper shall
meet the requirements of QC/T 592.
5.1.2.1.5 Tubing connection thread tightness
The test method for the tightness of the connecting thread of the brake pipe of
the caliper shall meet the requirements of QC/T 592.
5.1.2.2 Sliding resistance of caliper body
The test method for the sliding resistance of the caliper body of the floating
brake caliper shall meet the requirements of QC/T 592.
5.1.2.3 Drag torque
The drag torque test method for the brake caliper shall meet the requirements
of QC/T 592.
5.1.2.4 Clamper body rigidity
The test method for the rigidity of the brake caliper (the amount of deformation
of the caliper body) shall meet the requirements of QC/T 592.
5.1.2.5 Compression resistance strength
The test method for the compression resistance strength of the brake caliper
shall meet the requirements of QC/T 592.
5.1.2.6 Torque breaking strength
Before the brake is installed on the test stand, there shall be no abnormalities.
No foreign objects such as grease and paint on the brake lining (pad). The
friction surface of the brake drum (disc) shall be clean. The installation on the
test bench shall be the same as the loading state. The direction of rotation of
the brake drum (disk) is consistent with the direction of the motorcycle. The test
is carried out according to the following steps:
a) Running-in test at forward direction:
- When the brake disc rotates in the forward direction, the brake caliper
shall clamp the brake disc;
- When the brake disc rotates in the backward direction, the brake caliper
shall be released at the same time;
- Brake with a braking torque equivalent to 3.4m/s2 deceleration;
- The number of braking times is 5000 times (when the braking torque is
shall clamp the brake disc;
- When the brake disc rotates in the backward direction, the brake caliper
shall be released at the same time;
- Brake at a brake torque equivalent to 5.88m/s2 deceleration;
- The number of braking times is 50000 times;
- The braking maintenance time is 0.5s~2.5s.
c) Check whether there is any deformation or damage that affects the
performance, and whether there is hydraulic leakage during the entire test.
5.1.2.8 Vibration durability
The test method for the vibration durability of brake caliper shall meet the
requirements of QC/T 592.
5.1.2.9 Waterproof performance
The test method for the waterproof performance of brake calipers shall meet
the requirements of QC/T 592.
5.1.3 Assembly
5.1.3.1 Tightness
Use the brake handle to move the master cylinder piston forward 3mm ~ 5mm
(completely close the orifice). Apply 7MPa±0.2MPa of hydraulic pressure from
the brake caliper bleed nozzle to the assembly. Maintain 10s. Check and record
the assembly for leaks or damage.
5.1.3.2 Durability at room temperature
5.1.3.2.1 The durability at room temperature shall be tested under the following
conditions:
a) Test ambient temperature: room temperature;
b) Maximum brake pressure: 3.4MPa±0.2MPa;
c) Brake stroke of master cylinder: more than 50% of the maximum stroke of
the piston;
d) Operating frequency of brake master cylinder piston: 1000 times/h±100
times/h;
e) Action times of brake master cylinder piston: 3×105 times.
Mm - Maximum total mass set by motorcycle factory, in kilograms (kg);
Mo - Kerb mass of motorcycle, in kilograms (kg);
RK - Motorcycle wheel rolling radius, in meters (m).
NOTE 1: The test moments of inertia of two-wheeled motorcycles, mopeds and side-
wheeled motorcycles are calculated according to formula (A.1).
NOTE 2: When the wheel is a double disc brake, the moment of inertia of each brake test
is 0.5 times the calculated value.
The test rotational inertia of the positive three-wheeled moped and the positive
three-wheeled motorcycle is first calculated according to formula (A.1). The test
moment of inertia of each rear wheel is taken as 0.5 times the calculated
moment of inertia of the rear wheel.
A.1.3 Spindle speed
The spindle speed of the inertial test bench is calculated according to formula
(A.2).
Where,
n - Spindle speed of test bench, in RPM (r/min);
v - Motorcycle test initial speed, in kilometers per hour (km/h);
RK - Motorcycle wheel rolling radius, in meters (m).
A.1.4 Test instrument accuracy
Instrument accuracy for measuring and recording speed, torque and
temperature is ±1%. Control accuracy of torque, temperature is ±2%. The
moment of inertia of the inertial test bench shall include the moment of inertia
of all rotating parts of the test bench. The accuracy is ±5%. The accuracy of the
time intervals which the system moves with is ±10%.
A.2 Test conditions
A.2.1 Wind speed
During the test, the fan is used to cool the brake, and the wind speed is 10m/s.
Stop blast cooling during hot decline and water decline tests.
A.2.2 Temperature
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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