GB/T 35641-2017 PDF in English
GB/T 35641-2017 (GB/T35641-2017, GBT 35641-2017, GBT35641-2017)
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Basic requirements for engineering surveying and mapping
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Standards related to (historical): GB/T 35641-2017
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GB/T 35641-2017: PDF in English (GBT 35641-2017) GB/T 35641-2017
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 07.040
A 75
Basic requirements for
engineering surveying and mapping
ISSUED ON. DECEMBER 29, 2017
IMPLEMENTED ON. JULY 1, 2018
Issued by. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine;
Standardization Administration Committee.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 4
Introduction ... 5
1 Scope ... 6
2 Normative references ... 6
3 Terms and definitions ... 7
4 Basic regulations ... 8
4.1 Spacetime benchmark ... 8
4.2 Surveying requirements ... 8
4.3 Quality inspection requirements ... 9
5 Engineering topographic surveying and mapping ... 9
5.1 General ... 9
5.2 Control survey... 9
5.3 Topographic surveying and mapping ... 10
5.4 Cross-section surveying and mapping ... 14
5.5 Underground space surveying and mapping ... 15
5.6 Underwater topographic surveying and mapping ... 17
5.7 Earth-stone surveying and mapping ... 18
6 Planning survey ... 19
6.1 General ... 19
6.2 Control survey... 19
6.3 Alignment survey ... 19
6.4 Land allocation survey ... 20
6.5 Planning pay-off survey ... 20
6.6 Planning building-line-verification survey ... 21
6.7 Planning acceptance survey ... 22
6.8 Sunshine survey ... 23
7 Construction survey ... 23
7.1 General ... 23
7.2 Control survey... 23
7.3 Axis (middle) line survey ... 24
7.4 Point position lofting... 25
7.5 Elevation transfer ... 25
7.6 Construction inspection ... 26
7.7 Completion survey ... 27
8 Deformation survey ... 28
8.1 General ... 28
8.2 Control survey... 29
8.3 Monitoring points layout ... 30
8.4 Observation method ... 30
8.5 Data processing and deformation analysis ... 31
Basic requirements for
engineering surveying and mapping
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the basic requirements for engineering surveying and
mapping, and the basic technical requirements for engineering topographic
mapping, planning survey, construction surveying and deformation surveying.
This Standard is applicable to the technical design and operation of engineering
surveying and mapping.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of
this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
GB/T 18316, Specifications for inspection and acceptance of quality of digital
surveying and mapping achievements
GB/T 20257.1, Cartographic symbols for national fundamental scale maps-
Part 1. Specifications for cartographic symbols 1 . 500 1. 1 000 & 1 . 2 000
topographic maps
GB/T 20257.2, Cartographic symbols for national fundamental scale maps-
Part 2. Specifications for cartographic symbols 1.5000 & 1.10000
topographic maps
GB/T 24356, Specifications for quality inspection and acceptance of
surveying and mapping products
GB 50026, Code for Engineering Surveying
GB/T 50353, Standard Measurement for Construction Area of Building
CJJ/T 8, Code for urban survey
CJJ 61, Technical specification for detecting and surveying underground
pipelines and cables in city
4 Basic regulations
4.1 Spacetime benchmark
4.1.1 Engineering surveying and mapping shall adopt 2000 national geodetic
coordinate system and 1985 national elevation benchmark. When using a
relatively independent plane coordinate system and elevation reference, it shall
establish connection with the national coordinate system and elevation
reference.
4.1.2 Depth datum adopts the theoretical lowest tide level in the coastal
waters and design water level in inland waters. Depth datum and national
elevation datum are connected through joint testing with the tide gauge stations.
4.1.3 The dates of engineering surveying and mapping shall be in the year of
AD and the time shall be Beijing time.
4.2 Surveying requirements
4.2.1 In addition to this Standard, engineering surveying and mapping shall
also meet the requirements of the current national and industry standards.
4.2.2 Engineering surveying and mapping shall take medium error as the
index of surveying accuracy, and double error as the limit error.
4.2.3 Instruments and equipment used in engineering surveying and mapping
with statutory metrological verification requirements shall pass the statutory
metrological verification and be used within the validation period. The software
used for engineering surveys shall be tested and verified.
4.2.4 Site survey and technical design shall be conducted before engineering
surveying and mapping is performed. Technical design and changes shall be
approved prior to implementation.
4.2.5 In the implementation of engineering surveying and mapping, effective
measures must be taken to ensure the safety of personnel and equipment.
4.2.6 After the completion of engineering survey and mapping, technical
summary shall be written, data shall be collected and archived as required.
4.2.7 Engineering surveying and mapping achievements shall comply with
laws and regulations, mandatory national standards, and engineering technical
design requirements. The management of confidentiality results shall meet the
current national regulations.
4.2.8 Engineering survey and mapping observation data and its
achievements can be achieved through the establishment of information
5.5.4 Before underground space surveying and mapping, it is necessary to
collect and sort out all kinds of existing data of underground space facilities.
Produce a survey base map and annotate the location of underground space
facilities and related information.
5.5.5 Underground space surveying and mapping shall investigate the type
of facility, its purpose, the constructor, the owner, the building structure, the
architectural form, the completion time, the use status, etc. Underground
pipelines shall also investigate properties such as pipeline type, material,
transmission material pressure (voltage), flow of free-flowing pipelines, and the
characteristics of pipelines, appendages, types of buildings and structures.
5.5.6 The spatial information of the underground space facilities shall be
determined by measuring the feature points of the underground space facilities,
the plane coordinates and height of the feature line, and the section size.
5.5.7 The plane coordinates of the feature points shall be measured using the
total station polar coordinate method or the intersection method. The elevation
of feature points shall be measured using leveling or total station trigonometric
leveling methods. For underground space points that cannot be directly
measured, the distance FROM the point to be measured TO not less than two
measured points shall be measured. Calculate the coordinate of the point to be
measured using distance intersection method.
5.5.8 The feature line can be determined by measuring the starting point, end
point, inflection point, vertex, intersection, and other feature points.
5.5.9 Underground building surveying and mapping includes planar graph
surveying and mapping AND comprehensive graph surveying and mapping. Its
feature lines include main outline, basement outline and inner border.
5.5.10 Underground transportation facilities surveying and mapping includes
planar graph surveying and mapping, comprehensive graph surveying and
mapping AND profile and cross-sectional views surveying and mapping. The
feature lines include the main contour and the road (or tunnel) centerline.
5.5.11 Integrated pipeline surveying and mapping includes planar graph
surveying and mapping AND cross-sectional view surveying and mapping. Its
feature lines include the main contour and the inner boundary. Corridor line shall
be simultaneously surveyed and mapped.
5.5.12 Underground pipeline surveying and mapping includes pipeline planar
graph surveying and mapping AND profile and cross-sectional views surveying
and mapping. The feature line shall be midline of a pipe, channel, block, or
cable.
general plan of the proposed project, construction plans and planning document,
combined with the geometric configuration of the building and the actual
situation of the site. The municipal road pay-off point shall select proposed road
starting point, end point, curve characteristic points (straight slow point or
straight round point, slow round point, curve mid-point, round slow point, slow
straight point, or round straight point), road intersection. Municipal pipeline pay-
off point shall select proposed pipeline starting point, end point, corner point,
inspection well and other feature points.
6.5.5 After pile point pay-off, it shall conduct inspection survey. The inspection
survey includes graphical inspection, coordinate inspection, spacing inspection,
peripheral relation inspection.
6.6 Planning building-line-verification survey
6.6.1 Planning building-line-verification survey includes grey-line-verification
survey and positive-negative line-inspection survey. The grey-line-verification
survey shall be performed before construction. The positive-negative line-
inspection survey shall be conducted when the main structure of a building
(structure) is constructed to positive and negative zero.
6.6.2 Planning building-line-verification survey includes pre-preparation,
control survey, condition point and inspection point survey, four-to-distance
measurement of building (structure).
6.6.3 The grey-line-verification survey shall be based on drawings and
construction drawings approved by the planning management department,
shall combine the distance between the proposed project and the surrounding
main buildings and road centerline, shall measure the main corners, feature
points, and points involved in the construction project, shall determine whether
the location of the construction project is the same as the location of the master
plan.
6.6.4 The positive-negative line-inspection survey shall be conducted after
completion of building (structure) foundation. It includes condition point survey,
measurement point survey, four-to-distance calculation, positive and negative
zero floor elevation survey.
6.6.5 The condition points and inspection points shall be selected according
to the planning document (including the drawing) and the actual situation on
site. The condition point and inspection point surveys shall meet the
requirements of 6.3.4. The condition point of positive-negative line-inspection
survey may use the achievement of the grey-line-verification survey.
6.6.6 The distance between the building (structure) and the four-to shall
correspond to the data marked in the planning document. Four-to-distance can
be analytically calculated and related dimensions can also be measured in the
6.7.9 The planning acceptance survey can perform low-altitude
photogrammetry, laser radar survey, and 3D real-world survey of completed
areas, preserve first-hand data on construction projects, or establish 3D terrain
and 3D model of building (structure).
6.8 Sunshine survey
6.8.1 The sunshine survey includes data collection, map control survey,
topographic map and elevation detail mapping, general plan, floor plan and
elevation map drawing, sunshine analysis, etc.
6.8.2 The sunshine survey shall measure the position of the building's plane,
the height of the building's interior and exterior, the height of each storey, the
height of the building, the location of the windows and balcony of the building's
sunny side, etc.
6.8.3 The sunshine survey results shall be able to meet the three-dimensional
modeling needs of sunshine analysis.
7 Construction survey
7.1 General
7.1.1 Construction survey includes control survey, axis (middle) line survey,
point lofting, elevation transfer, construction survey, and completion survey.
7.1.2 Before construction survey, according to the requirements of the project
task, it shall collect and analyze relevant data, familiarize with and check the
design drawings, and formulate measurement technology design plans.
7.1.3 The construction survey pay-off shall be submitted in accordance with
the relevant regulations after the constructor has passed the self-inspection.
After the building-line-verification is qualified, the next step of construction can
be carried out.
7.2 Control survey
7.2.1 The construction control network shall be established on the basis of the
coordinate system and elevation reference of the engineering design based on
the starting points provided by the constructer. It may use GNSS network,
triangle network and wire network.
7.2.2 The number, location distribution of construction control network shall
meet the requirements of each construction lofting of the engineering to survey
control. According to the survey accuracy index of the construction lofting point,
determine the accuracy of the weakest point of the construction control network,
the survey method, and the survey level.
unit, the installation axis shall not be less than 3 points, and the elevation point
shall not be less than 2 points.
7.3.6 Line center piles include 100-meter piles and various piles. According to
the complex terrain conditions, the pile spacing in straight segments shall not
be more than 50 m. Pile spacing in curved section shall not be greater than 20
m. The longitudinal and lateral deviation of the centerline pile shall be less than
20mm and 15mm, respectively. After the completion of the survey, it shall be
reinforced, and the protection pile shall be established.
7.3.7 Check the midline data before inspection. Find out the problem and
promptly notify the designer to adjust. The middle line shall be set along the
middle line. When encountering obstacles or most of them falling into the water,
the middle line shall be parallel-shifted to the proper position. The axis station
number shall be converted to midline mileage.
7.3.8 The line middle line's control point shall be corrected. The comparison
difference between the turning angle of the straight section and 180° shall be
less than ±6''. The comparison difference between curve angle and the design
value shall be less than ±8''. When the control point spacing is less than 60m,
the difference shall be less than ±5''×100/s, of which s is the control point
spacing, in meters (m).
7.4 Point position lofting
7.4.1 The point position lofting may use GNSS receivers, total stations,
theodolites, steel rulers, etc.
7.4.2 The point position lofting shall have more than two control points. It may
use polar coordinate method, intersection method, rectangular coordinate
method, etc. Accurate lofting point position shall adopt naturalization method.
7.4.3 The error of point position lofting shall not exceed 1/3 of the allowable
error of the planar point. After lofting, it shall use different survey method or
spacing of survey positing point to verify. Its difference shall be less than 2/3 of
the allowable error for construction survey.
7.4.4 The intersection point, turn point of the route, and the main point of the
curve shall be set up with redundant test data as the check condition. When
redundant measurement data cannot be obtained, repeat measurements shall
be used.
7.5 Elevation transfer
7.5.1 According to the site conditions, the elevation transfer survey can be
carried out by hanging steel rule, trigonometric elevation method, leveling
method and zenith distance measurement method.
device such as a total station or a profiler. Errors in survey of cross-section
mileage, survey of cross-boundary control point and line-to-line distance, and
errors in survey of elevation control point elevation shall meet the requirements
of the relevant specifications.
7.6.7 The elevation survey of the line's middle line on the longitudinal section
of the tunnel floor shall be measured with a level not lower than DS3 level. The
error in the mileage shall not exceed 50 mm, and the error in elevation survey
shall be less than 10 mm.
7.6.8 The construction inspection report shall give the conclusion as to
whether the tested items meet the requirements of the design documents or
corresponding specifications.
7.7 Completion survey
7.7.1 The coordinate system, elevation system, and schema used in the
completion survey shall be consistent with the completion survey.
7.7.2 Completion survey results shall use uniform standard format drawings
and electronic documents. The type, content, size of maps, legends, and editing
range of completion drawings shall be consistent with the general plan. The
scale shall be selected as 1.500 or determined according to the scale of
completion acceptance project. Completion drawings shall adopt digital
completion drawings.
7.7.3 Construction engineering surveys shall measure the coordinates,
elevations and related elements of the main details of buildings (structures).
The outer corners of the permanent red wall of the building's red line pile points
and the construction land range shall be mapped according to the actual
location, and the coordinates and elevation shall be indicated. Completion of
orbital engineering survey includes survey of track geometry, penetration
survey of line distances, completion survey of line profiles, and completion
survey of line cross-section.
7.7.4 Compilation of the completion drawings shall be based on the collection
and consolidation of drawing materials and field survey data. Truthfully reflect
the plane position and elevation of ground and underground structures
(buildings) and structures and pipelines within the completed area, as well as
other features and surrounding terrain, and add corresponding text descriptions.
7.7.5 When drawing a completion drawing, the number of edit points for
coordinates and elevation shall not be less than the coordinates and elevation
points specified on the design drawings.
to take corresponding measures.
a) significant changes in on-site environmental conditions;
b) the deformation amount reaches the warning value or is close to the
allowable value;
c) abnormal change in deformation.
8.2 Control survey
8.2.1 The reference point for deformation survey shall be stable, and shall be
set at a stable position outside the influence of deformation. The working point
shall be set in an easily observed and relatively stable position.
8.2.2 The reference points that make up the deformation survey reference
network shall generally not be less than 3.
8.2.3 Deformation survey data processing shall use a stable reference point
as a starting point.
8.2.4 When designing the deformation survey reference network, the axis of
the reference network shall be orthogonal to the expected deformation direction.
8.2.5 The first observation of the deformation survey datum network shall be
observed twice independently, with the difference within the error range. The
average value can be taken as the benchmark network result, otherwise it shall
be observed again.
8.2.6 The benchmark network shall be tested and periodically retested. When
the detection finds a suspected unstable point, it shall be retested in time. It
shall use the results of the retest to analyze the stability and reliability of the
benchmark, and the analysis shall meet the following requirements.
a) benchmark network shall be checked for overall stability;
b) when the overall stability test of the reference network fails, the average
gap method, stability matrix analysis method, or successive iteration
weighted iteration method shall be used for reliability analysis. Unstable
reference points shall be selected and estimated. Perform displacement
test for statistical test.
8.2.7 The horizontal displacement survey reference network shall adopt the
form of triangle network, GNSS network, wire network, and baseline, etc.
8.2.8 The vertical displacement survey reference network shall be set up as
a ring network and observed using geometric leveling methods.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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