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GB/T 41452-2022: PDF in English (GBT 41452-2022)

GB/T 41452-2022 NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ICS 07.040 CCS A 75 Technical Code of Practice for Three-Dimensional Model Production Based on Vehicle-Borne Mobile Mapping ISSUED ON: APRIL 15, 2022 IMPLEMENTED ON: APRIL 15, 2022 Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation; Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. Table of Contents Foreword ... 4 1 Scope ... 5 2 Normative References ... 5 3 Terms and Definitions ... 5 4 Abbreviations ... 6 5 Basic Requirements ... 6 5.1 Space-time datum ... 6 5.2 Data format ... 7 5.3 Quality requirements and indicators ... 7 5.4 Naming of model ... 8 6 Job Preparation ... 9 6.1 Data acquisition and analysis ... 9 6.2 On-site reconnaissance ... 10 6.3 Preparation of instrument ... 10 7 Technical Design ... 10 7.1 Design principles and contents ... 10 7.2 Project overview ... 10 7.3 Survey area overview ... 10 7.4 Existing data ... 10 7.5 Reference documents and operation basis ... 11 7.6 General requirements of task ... 11 7.7 Operation flow ... 11 8 Data Acquisition and Preprocessing ... 11 8.1 General ... 11 8.2 Equipment inspection ... 12 8.3 Route planning ... 12 8.4 Control mapping ... 12 8.5 Data acquisition ... 13 8.6 Field data check ... 13 8.7 Data preprocessing ... 13 9 Production of Three-Dimensional Model ... 14 9.1 Production of three-dimensional continuous surface model ... 14 9.2 Production of three-dimensional entity model ... 15 10 Production of Metadata ... 18 11 Quality Inspection of Results ... 19 12 Submission of Results ... 19 12.1 Requirements for submission of results ... 19 12.2 Contents of submission of results ... 19 Appendix A (Informative) Comparison List of Model Type Code ... 21 Appendix B (Normative) Metadata of Three-Dimensional Continuous Surface Model ... 22 Appendix C (Normative) Metadata of Three-Dimensional Entity Model ... 23 Bibliography ... 24 Technical Code of Practice for Three-Dimensional Model Production Based on Vehicle-Borne Mobile Mapping 1 Scope This Document specifies the basic requirements, job preparation, technical design, data acquisition and preprocessing, three-dimensional model production, metadata production, quality inspection and submission of results for the production of three-dimensional continuous surface models and three-dimensional entity models based on vehicle-borne mobile mapping technology. This Document applies to the production of three-dimensional continuous surface models and three-dimensional entity models of roads and ancillary facilities using vehicle-borne mobile mapping technology. 2 Normative References The provisions in following documents become the essential provisions of this Document through reference in this Document. For the dated documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable to this Document; for the undated documents, only the latest version (including all the amendments) is applicable to this Document. GB/T 2260 Codes for the administrative divisions of the Peoples Republic of China GB/T 24356 Specifications for Quality Inspection and Acceptance of Surveying and Mapping Products CH/T 1004 General Rules for Technical Design of Surveying and Mapping CH/T 6004-2016 Technical Specification for Vehicle Movement Measurement 3 Terms and Definitions For the purposes of this Document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 Vehicle-borne mobile mapping system On the vehicle-borne platform, a comprehensive mapping system consists of integrating control system, positioning and attitude mapping system and one or more other mapping sensors (laser scanner, digital camera, video camera, etc.). [SOURCE: CH/T 6004-2016, 3.4] 3.2 Vehicle-borne mobile mapping A mapping method for obtaining data such as ground object point clouds and images with geospatial location information by using the vehicle-borne mobile mapping system (3.1). 3.3 Three-dimensional continuous surface model A ground object continuous triangulated irregular network structural model that is measurable and with textured information, and that is made by data such as using point clouds and images, etc. 3.4 Three-dimensional entity model A ground object entity three-dimensional model that is measurable and with textured information, and that is made by using data such as point clouds and images, etc. 4 Abbreviations The following abbreviations are applicable to this Document. CGCS2000: China Geodetic Coordinate System 2000. GNSS: Global Navigation Satellite System. TIN: Triangulated Irregular Network. 5 Basic Requirements 5.1 Space-time datum 5.1.1 Plane coordinate system The plane coordinate system should adopt CGCS2000. If other plane coordinate systems are used, they shall be linked with CGCS2000. 5.1.2 Elevation datum The elevation datum should adopt the 1985 national elevation datum. If other elevation datums are used, they should be linked with the 1985 national elevation datum. 5.1.3 Projection model, orthophoto map, topographic map, administrative division map, traffic map, etc.; d) other relevant data. 6.2 On-site reconnaissance The on-site reconnaissance should comply with the following regulations: a) on-the-spot understanding of the natural geography, humanities and traffic conditions of the operating area; b) understand the authenticity and availability of existing data; c) reasonably plan the driving route and the erection position of the reference station. 6.3 Preparation of instrument Vehicle-borne mobile mapping equipment shall be used within the validity period of metrological verification or calibration; and shall be in normal working condition. Instruments and equipment shall comply with the provisions of 5.3 in CH/T 6004-2016. 7 Technical Design 7.1 Design principles and contents The preparation of the technical design document shall comply with the provisions of CH/T 1004; and the main contents shall include project overview, survey area overview, existing data, reference documents and operation basis, overall task requirements and operation flow. 7.2 Project overview It shall instruct the source of the project, the purpose of the task, the scope of the project, the workload and the duration. 7.3 Survey area overview It shall instruct the natural and geographical conditions of the survey area related to the design plan or operation as required; and the content should include the topographical overview, landform features, climate conditions, and traffic conditions of the operation area. If necessary, the relevant surveying and mapping data of the survey area shall be collected. 7.4 Existing data It shall instruct the quantity, form, quality condition and availability of the existing data. 7.5 Reference documents and operation basis It shall instruct the referenced standards, specifications and other technical documents. 7.6 General requirements of task It shall instruct the used space-time datum, the quality requirements for point clouds, images and three-dimensional models. 7.7 Operation flow The operation flow shall include the following contents: a) Inspection requirements for vehicle-borne mobile mapping equipment; b) Collection route planning, including collection time and route; c) Control mapping, including the distribution and mapping requirements for ground control points; d) Data acquisition and preprocessing, including the acquisition and preprocessing requirements for positioning and attitude measuring data, image data and point cloud data; e) production of results, including the production of three-dimensional continuous surface models and three-dimensional entity models; f) Quality inspection of results, including the content and specific requirements of quality inspection. 8 Data Acquisition and Preprocessing 8.1 General When acquiring data, it shall meet the following requirements: a) Comply with the traffic rules; drive according to the designed route; control the driving speed according to the actual needs and system limitations; and set the laser emission parameters and camera shooting parameters; b) Monitor the operation of the equipment and the data recording; and record the abnormal situation in time; c) The road sections that are severely blocked or cannot be entered by vehicles shall be recorded in time; between the control points is 50m~200m. The specific layout is as follows. a) If there are special (superior) requirements for accuracy, signs shall be laid along the line in advance and the mapping shall be carried out according to the requirements of the corresponding accuracy level. the spacing between the control points is 100m~1000m. b) For non-superior requirements, when the GNSS signal is poor and cannot meet the operation accuracy requirements, other high-precision mapping methods (such as GNSS RTK mapping, total station mapping, level gauge mapping, etc.) should be used to lay out along the scanning trajectory in the survey area and measure the control points. 8.5 Data acquisition The specific requirements for data acquisition are as follows: a) Data acquisition from GNSS reference station shall comply with the provisions of 6.4 in CH/T 6004-2016; b) Data acquisition from the positioning and attitude measuring data shall comply with the provisions of 6.5 in CH/T 6004-2016; c) Image data acquisition shall comply with the provisions of 6.6 in CH/T 6004-2016; d) The point cloud data collection shall comply with the provisions of 6.8 in CH/T 6004- 2016. 8.6 Field data check After the mapping is completed, the vehicle-borne mobile mapping data is checked to ensure the integrity and correspondence of the positioning and attitude measuring data, image data and point cloud data, as follows. a) Data validity check. Simple and fast processing of data to check whether the data is valid. b) Integrity check. Check whether the acquired data is complete, and perform supplementary mapping for areas with severe dynamic occlusion. c) Preliminary accuracy check. The data accuracy is preliminarily checked by the track quality; and the areas with poor accuracy are marked. If changing the driving path can improve the accuracy, the path shall be changed and re-acquired. 8.7 Data preprocessing The specific requirements for data preprocessing are as follows: a) The preprocessing of positioning and attitude measuring data shall comply with the provisions of 7.1 in CH/T 6004-2016; b) The preprocessing of image data shall comply with the provisions of 7.2 in CH/T 6004- 2016; c) The preprocessing of point cloud data shall comply with the provisions of 7.5 in CH/T 6004-2016. 9 Production of Three-Dimensional Model 9.1 Production of three-dimensional continuous surface model 9.1.1 Modeling content The modeling content of the three-dimensional continuous surface model includes the ground objects such as road, ancillary facilities that are acquired by the vehicle-borne mobile mapping system. 9.1.2 Model making The making of three-dimensional continuous surface models shall meet the following requirements: a) The model is composed of TIN and texture, reflecting the features of the structure and texture of the ground objects; b) The model performs TIN structure modeling based on point cloud data, and conducts the texture mapping based on image data. 9.1.3 Modeling methods The topological relationship between point clouds is established, and the vehicle-borne synchronization image is used as the texture for automatic mesh construction and mapping, and appropriate editing is performed. The following requirements shall be met. a) Level-I three-dimensional continuous surface model: 1) Accurately reflect the structural characteristics of roads and auxiliary facilities; 2) The texture details are clear, accurately reflect the characteristics of ground objects; and clearly reflect the difference and separation of different textures; 3) Structural editing is performed on the three-dimensional continuous surface model with the existing phenomena such as suspension, loopholes, adhesions, and stipple, and the model shall accurately reflect the structural characteristics of the ground objects. b) Level-II three-dimensional continuous surface model: 2) The base contour shall be extracted from the point cloud data; and the model height should be automatically matched or manually interpreted based on the point cloud data; 3) The texture should have clear details, accurately reflect the features of the ground object; and the difference and separation of different textures should be clearly reflected. b) Level-II road model: 1) It shall basically reflect the structural features of the road model; and three- dimensional geometric modeling shall be carried out for structural features exceeding 1m; 2) The base contour shall be extracted from the point cloud data; and the model height should be automatically matched or manually interpreted based on the point cloud data; 3) The texture shall reflect the road material and traffic markings. 9.2.2 Model of auxiliary facilities 9.2.2.1 Modeling content The ancillary facility model contains the following: a) Road traffic type, including kilometer piles, warning piles, anti-collision buckets, parking facilities, traffic sign facilities, bus stop booths, taxi waiting point board, sign board, cameras, signal lights, guardrails, cement separation belts, metal separation belts, toll booths, etc.; b) Public facilities type, including water, electricity, gas, heat and other inspection manhole covers, street lights and related facilities; c) City appearance and environment type, including trash cans, advertising plaques, propaganda boards, etc.; d) Other types. 9.2.2.2 Model making Ancillary facility model making complies with the following provisions: a) The geographic location of the ancillary facility model shall be determined based on the acquired point cloud data; b) The texture information of the auxiliary facility model should be determined based on the acquired image data; c) The bottom of the auxiliary facility model shall be consistent with the road model. 9.2.2.3 Modeling methods The structure lines are extracted based on the point cloud data; and the modeling is carried out by means of automation or human-computer interaction. Modeling can also be done symbolically. The modeling of ancillary facility model shall comply with the following provisions: a) Model of primary ancillary facilities: 1) It shall accurately reflect the geometric structure and detailed characteristics of the ground objects; 2) Surface models such as cement separation belts and metal separation belts should be lofted and modeled based on extraction structural lines of point cloud data; 3) Models such as traffic signs, road nameplates, signs, advertising plaques, and propaganda boards should be modeled based on extraction structure line of point cloud data; and textures should be made by using the acquired image data; 4) Point models such as kilometer piles, warning piles, anti-collision buckets, parking facilities, traffic sign facilities, cameras, and signal lights should be represented by different preset symbols according to their types. b) Model of secondary ancillary facilities: 1) For the same type of ancillary facilities, a general model should be established based on image data, which can reflect the shape and characteristics of ground objects; 2) The details of the model should be appropriately selected according to the actual situation, and texture should be used. 9.2.3 Production of other models 9.2.3.1 Modeling content Other models mainly include models other than roads and auxiliary facilities that can be acquired from roads, including the following: a) Buildings (structures) on the ground; b) Vegetation; c) Others. The metadata of the three-dimensional entity model shall be filled in according to the requirements of Appendix C. 11 Quality Inspection of Results The quality inspection of the three-dimensional model results shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 24356; follow the principle of "two-level inspection and one-level acceptance"; and implement the quality inspection of the results, including the following contents. a) Space-time datum inspection of model data. It shall include the plane coordinate system, elevation datum, and projection of the model data. b) Accuracy inspection of model data. It shall include geometric accuracy such as the error in the feature point plane of the model data and the error in the elevation of the feature point. c) Integrity and correctness inspection of model data. It shall include errors and omissions inspections of roads and ancillary facilities. d) Accuracy and coordination inspection of model textures. e) Correctness and rationality inspection of the edges of each modeling unit. f) Correctness and regulation inspection of data organization. It shall include the correctness and regulation inspection of the model data format and the naming of the model and texture data. g) Completeness and accuracy inspection of the quality of accessories. h) Inspection of other contents. 12 Submission of Results 12.1 Requirements for submission of results The submission of results shall meet the following requirements: a) The technical documents are complete and intact; the content is true; and the expression is accurate; b) Operation records, technical data and achievement data are complete. 12.2 Contents of submission of results The contents of submission of results shall include: ......
 
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.