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GB/T 31911-2015 PDF English


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GB/T 31911-2015: PDF in English (GBT 31911-2015)

GB/T 31911-2015 GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ICS 91.140 P 45 Methods for determination of emissions from appliances burning gaseous fuels ISSUED ON: SEPTEMBER 11, 2015 IMPLEMENTED ON: AUGUST 01, 2016 Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of PRC; Standardization Administration of PRC. Table of Contents Foreword ... 3 1 Scope ... 4 2 Normative references ... 4 3 Terms and definitions ... 4 4 Measuring systems, analyzers, auxiliary equipment, accessories ... 4 5 System check ... 10 6 Sampling ... 10 7 Test operation ... 11 8 Calculation methods ... 12 Appendix A (Informative) Test gas and its characteristics ... 15 Appendix B (Informative) Example of uncertainty assessment of NOx measurement results in gas combustion emissions ... 17 Appendix C (Informative) Concentration unit conversion and result correction ... 25 Methods for determination of emissions from appliances burning gaseous fuels 1 Scope This standard specifies the terms and definitions, measurement systems, analyzers, auxiliary equipment and accessories, system inspection, sampling, test operations, calculation methods for the determination of NOx, CO, CO2, O2 in emissions from appliances burning gaseous fuels. This standard applies to the determination of emissions during type inspection and other inspections of appliances burning gaseous fuels. 2 Normative references The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For the dated documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable to this document; for the undated documents, only the latest version (including all the amendments) is applicable to this standard. GB 16410 Domestic gas cooking appliances GB 25034 Gas-fired heating and hot water combi-boilers CJ/T 28 Chinese cooking gas appliances JJF 1059.1 Evaluation and expression of uncertainty in measurement JJF 1001 General terms in metrology and their definitions 3 Terms and definitions The terms and definitions, as defined in JJF 1001, apply to this document. 4 Measuring systems, analyzers, auxiliary equipment, accessories 4.1 Measurement system 4.2 Analyzer 4.2.1 Category This standard applies to analyzers with the following measurement principles: a) An analyzer, that uses the principle of chemiluminescence to measure NOx concentration; b) When the NOx concentration is greater than 100×10-6 m3/m3, an analyzer uses the infrared or ultraviolet absorption principle to measure the NOx concentration; c) Analyzers that measure CO and CO2 concentrations, using the principle of infrared or ultraviolet absorption; d) Analyzer that uses the paramagnetic principle to measure O2 concentration. 4.2.2 Indication error The indication error of the analyzer shall not exceed ±5%. 4.2.3 Repeatability Analyzer repeatability shall not be greater than 2%. 4.2.4 Response time The response time -- from adding standard gas to displaying 90% of the indicated concentration -- shall not be greater than 20 s. 4.2.5 Stability The change in the indication value within 1 hour shall not be greater than 5%. 4.2.6 Interference Analyzer measurements shall consider interference from CO2, O2, H2O. Interferences can be corrected, using correction data provided by the manufacturer or a standard gas of the same concentration. 4.3 Auxiliary equipment 4.3.1 Sampler 4.3.1.1 General requirements The sampler shall be made of materials, that do not chemically react with the sample to be tested, have no or weak adsorption, ensure the homogeneity of specimen. Household gas stove samplers and their sampling locations shall comply with the requirements in GB 16410. 4.3.1.5 Commercial gas stoves Commercial gas stove samplers and their sampling locations shall comply with the requirements in CJ/T 28. 4.3.2 Condenser or permeation dryer The condenser material in contact with the specimen shall be made of glass, polytetrafluoroethylene or stainless steel; its capacity shall match the sampling gas flow rate and water vapor concentration. The dew point temperature of the flue gas, at the outlet of the condenser or permeation dryer, shall be below the ambient temperature; the cooling temperature should be between 2 °C and 5 °C; the condensate shall be able to be quickly recovered to reduce contact with the specimen. Desiccant shall not be used. When the penetration drying method is used, one-half of the dryer tube shall be heated to at least 15 K above the gas dew point and shall comply with the manufacturer's air purging requirements. 4.3.3 Filters The filter shall be installed between the condenser and distributor. The material in contact with the specimen shall be made of stainless steel or glass. Filter size shall be determined, based on the sample gas flow rate and the flow rate per unit area data provided by the manufacturer. The filter diameter shall not be larger than 1 μm; contaminants on the filter shall be prevented from reacting with the gas. 4.3.4 Distributor The material of the distributor shall be stainless steel or polytetrafluoroethylene. The volume shall be as small as possible; the upper flow limit shall ensure the specimen flow required by each analyzer. Each analyzer shall be able to be connected independently and shall have a discharge system leading to the outdoors. 4.3.5 Flowmeter The flowmeter material shall be made of corrosion-resistant materials; the measurement range shall be selected, according to the sample flow rate, which is required by each analyzer. 4.3.6 Sampling pump The materials of the sampling pump, which is in contact with gas, shall be made of polytetrafluoroethylene, stainless steel and other materials, that do not react with the specimen. The pump flow rate shall be at least 1.1 times the sum of the flow rates, which are required by all analyzers in the system. 4.4 Accessories Auxiliary equipment and devices in contact with the specimen, such as regulators, valves, pipelines, joints, etc., shall be made of stainless steel, polytetrafluoroethylene, glass and other materials, that do not adsorb and do not react chemically with them. When the specimen temperature is higher than 250 °C and the NOx component needs to be measured, stainless steel materials shall not be used in the parts in contact with it. The diameter of the pipeline shall be determined according to the specimen flow rate, which should be 4 mm ~ 8 mm; however, it shall not be less than 4 mm. 5 System check 5.1 Air tightness inspection Under normal pressure conditions, after inputting the normal pressure standard gas at point 1 in Figure 1, introduce the standard gas at calibration point 7. The difference between the measured values at the two points shall not exceed ±5% of the indication value. The air tightness of the sampling pipeline, at the front end of the analyzer, shall be inspected at least once a month. 5.2 Linearity inspection The linearity inspection shall control four measuring points of 0%, 20%, 50%, 80% of the analyzer range. For the nonlinear calibration curve, at least 10 measuring points of the analyzer range shall be controlled; the deviation of each point shall not exceed ±5%. Linearity inspection shall be performed annually or after equipment maintenance. 6 Sampling 6.1 Conditions Burning appliances shall use the test gas, which is required by the current relevant national standards, operate under the heat flow rate corresponding to the gas supply pressure. Conduct the test when a thermal equilibrium state is reached. 6.2 Methods The following methods can be used for sampling: - Dry (elimination of water vapor) sampling method; - Wet sampling method. 6.3 Dry sampling and configuration The temperature of the upstream pipeline of the condenser or dryer shall be controlled and maintained, at least 15 K above the water dew point temperature and the acid dew point temperature of the specimen gas. 6.4 Wet sampling and configuration In addition to dry sampling requirements, wet sampling shall also comply with the following requirements: a) There shall be no cooler or dryer on the sampling pipeline; b) The temperature of the sampling pipeline upstream of the analyzer shall be maintained, at least 15 K above the water dew point and the acid dew point of the specimen gas; c) The analyzer is specially designed; d) The water vapor in the specimen shall be corrected. 7 Test operation 7.1 Instrument warm-up Before measurement, the instrument shall be set up and reach a stable state, in accordance with the instructions provided by the manufacturer. 7.2 Adjustment If necessary, the test system shall be adjusted; the standard gas shall be introduced directly into the analyzer through the pipeline (Figure 1, calibration point 7; Figure 2, calibration point 6). The flow rate, temperature, pressure shall be adjusted and consistent with those measured, meanwhile they shall be within the normal range specified by the manufacturer. Follow these steps to adjust the analyzer: a) Introduce the zero point gas into the analyzer; adjust it to zero; b) Then introduce a standard gas with a known concentration of approximately 80% of the full scale; adjust the reading; c) Introduce the zero point gas again; check whether the reading is zero. If not, repeat the above operation. 7.3 Test ......
 
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.