GB/T 22451-2008 (GB/T 22451-2024 Newer Version) PDF English
Search result: GB/T 22451-2008 (GB/T 22451-2024 Newer Version)
Standard ID | Contents [version] | USD | STEP2 | [PDF] delivered in | Name of Chinese Standard | Status |
GB/T 22451-2024 | English | 599 |
Add to Cart
|
5 days
|
Common requirements of electromagnetic compatibility for radio communication equipment
| Valid |
GB/T 22451-2008 | English | 460 |
Add to Cart
|
0-9 seconds. Auto-delivery.
|
Common requirements of electromagnetic compatibility for radio communication equipment
| Valid |
BUY with any currencies (Euro, JPY, GBP, KRW etc.): GB/T 22451-2008 Newer/related standards: GB/T 22451-2024
PDF Preview: GB/T 22451-2008
GB/T 22451-2008: PDF in English (GBT 22451-2008) GB/T 22451-2008
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 33.100
L 06
Common requirements of electromagnetic
compatibility for radio communication equipment
ISSUED ON: OCTOBER 07, 2008
IMPLEMENTED ON: APRIL 01, 2009
Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 4
1 Scope ... 6
2 Normative references ... 6
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations ... 8
3.1 Terms and definitions ... 8
3.2 Abbreviations ... 11
4 Test conditions ... 12
4.1 General conditions ... 12
4.2 Test arrangement ... 13
4.3 Exempt-testing frequency band ... 14
4.4 Narrowband response of receiver ... 15
5 Performance evaluation method ... 15
5.1 General ... 15
5.2 EUT that can establish a continuous communication connection ... 16
5.3 EUT that cannot establish a continuous communication connection ... 16
5.4 Applicable methods for evaluating ancillary equipment ... 16
5.5 Classification of EUT ... 17
6 Performance criteria ... 17
6.1 Performance criterion A (continuous phenomena) ... 17
6.2 Performance criterion B (transient phenomena) ... 17
6.3 Performance criterion C (intermittent phenomenon) ... 18
7 Applicability ... 18
7.1 Disturbance measurement ... 18
7.2 Immunity test ... 19
8 Disturbance measurement methods and limits ... 20
8.1 Antenna port (conducted stray) ... 20
8.2 Chassis port (radiated stray) ... 21
8.3 Ancillary equipment ... 21
8.4 Telecommunications port ... 23
8.5 DC power input/output port ... 24
8.6 AC power input/output port ... 25
8.7 Harmonic current (AC power input port) ... 26
8.8 Voltage fluctuation and flicker (AC power input port) ... 26
8.9 Transient conducted disturbance (DC power input, output port) ... 26
9 Immunity test method and level ... 27
9.1 Electrostatic discharge immunity test ... 27
9.2 Radiated disturbance immunity test (80MHz~2.7GHz) ... 27
9.3 Immunity Test of electrical fast transient pulse group ... 28
9.4 Surge (impact) immunity test ... 28
9.5 Conducted disturbance immunity test of RF field sensing ... 29
9.6 Immunity test of power frequency magnetic field ... 29
9.7 Immunity tests of voltage dip, short interruption and voltage change ... 30
9.8 Transient and surge immunity test (on-board environment) ... 31
Annex A (normative) Electromagnetic compatibility test guidelines for combined
radio equipment ... 33
A.1 Combination type of combined radio equipment ... 33
A.2 Test guidelines for combined radio equipment ... 36
A.3 Examples for various types of combined radio equipment ... 39
Annex B (normative) Test guides for multi-mode terminal electromagnetic
compatibility ... 41
B.1 Terminal that does not support dual-mode simultaneous work ... 41
B.2 Terminal that supports dual-mode simultaneous work ... 41
Common requirements of electromagnetic
compatibility for radio communication equipment
1 Scope
This Standard specifies electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) limits,
performance criteria and measurement methods for wireless communication
equipment and its associated ancillary equipment.
This Standard is applicable to all kinds of wireless communication equipment.
For specific products that are not suitable for testing in a laboratory environment
(such as high-power radio transmitters), it may conduct on-site testing. In this
case, if there is no applicable field test standard and method, then the basic
principle and limits used to evaluate the EUT measurement method of the
equipment to be tested shall be consistent with the provisions of this Standard.
2 Normative references
The provisions in following documents become the provisions of this Standard
through reference in this Standard. For dated references, the subsequent
amendments (excluding corrigendum) or revisions do not apply to this Standard,
however, parties who reach an agreement based on this Standard are
encouraged to study if the latest versions of these documents are applicable.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document applies.
GB/T 6113.1, Specifications for radio disturbance and immunity measuring
apparatus
GB 9254, Information technology equipment - Radio disturbance
characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement (GB 9254-2008,
CISPR 22: 2006, IDT)
GB/T 17618, Information technology equipment - Immunity characteristics -
Limits and methods of measurement (GB/T 17618-1998, idt CISPR24: 1997)
GB 17625.1, Electromagnetic compatibility - Limits - Limits for harmonic
current emissions (equipment input current ≤16 A per phase) (GB 17625.1-
2003, IEC 61000-3-2:2001, IDT)
GB 17625.2, Electromagnetic compatibility - Limits - Limitation of voltage
CISPR 16-1-4, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring
apparatus and methods - Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus - Antennas and test sites for radiated disturbance
measurements
CISPR 16-2-3, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring
apparatus and methods - Part 2-3: Methods of measurement of disturbances
and immunity - Radiated disturbance measurements
IEC 61000-3-12, Limits for Harmonic Currents Produced by Equipment
Connected to Public Low-Voltage Systems with Input Current >16A and
≤75A Per Phase
ISO 7637-2, Road vehicles - Electrical disturbances from conduction and
coupling - Part 2: Electrical transient conduction along supply lines only
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1.1 radio communications equipment
including one or more radio transmitters and/or receivers and/or communication
equipment for fixed use, vehicle use, portable use, or some of them; radio
communications equipment can be used with ancillary equipment, but basic
functions can be realized without ancillary equipment
3.1.2 operating frequency range
radio frequency band occupied by radio communications equipment
3.1.3 telecommunication center
"telecommunication center" refers to an electromagnetic environment with the
following characteristics:
a) The power supply in the area adopts -48V, -60V DC power supply or 50Hz
220/380V AC power supply;
b) Must ensure that DC-powered loads rarely switch;
c) The internal AC cables must be kept a certain distance from the DC cables
and signal lines, so as to avoid mutual coupling;
d) No protection distance is required between DC cable and signal line;
3.1.14 combined radio equipment
those that meet the following two definitions can be called combined radio
equipment:
a) A device containing two or more radio transmitters and/or receivers. These
radio transmitters and/or receivers use different technologies but can work
simultaneously;
b) The equipment contains two or more separate product functions, but at
least one function is a radio service function.
3.1.15 continuous phenomena
the disturbance that the effect on a particular device cannot be clearly
distinguished as a series of effects
3.1.16 transient phenomena
a physical phenomenon or quantity that changes between two adjacent stable
states; the change time is less than the time scale of interest
3.1.17 portable equipment
the radio communications equipment and (or) its ancillary equipment is
powered by its own battery; it is designed for portable use
3.1.18 primary function
the main function of the combined radio equipment claimed by the manufacturer
3.1.19 primary equipment
the equipment that supports the main function in the combined radio equipment
3.1.20 multimode wireless terminal equipment
those that meet the following two definitions can be defined as multi-mode
wireless terminal equipment:
a) Two or more radio terminal equipment of mobile communication mode
(such as GSM + CDMA terminal);
b) A terminal with a mobile communication mode but containing two or more
sets of related modules.
3.2 Abbreviations
The following abbreviations apply to this Standard:
4.2 Test arrangement
4.2.1 Test arrangement for transmitter input terminal
Through the appropriate normal modulation signal generated by internal or
external signal source, enter the transmitter input terminal. The external signal
source must be outside the test environment.
4.2.2 Test arrangement for transmitter output terminal
For integral antenna equipment, the useful signal for establishing a
communication connection shall be transmitted from the equipment to the
antenna located in the test environment. Test ancillary equipment that
generates useful test signals shall be located outside the test environment. If
the equipment that establishes communication connections is integral antenna
equipment, then the test equipment for testing useful signals can be located in
the test environment. In this case, priority will be given to testing all equipment
as EUT. If none of the above conditions are met, appropriate measures (such
as shielding, filtering) shall be adopted to prevent equipment located in the test
environment from affecting the test results.
For non-integral antenna equipment, the useful signal for establishing a
communication connection shall be led out from the antenna connector using a
suitable shielded cable or waveguide. Test ancillary equipment that generates
useful test signals shall be located outside the test environment.
Unless there are special regulations in other parts of this Standard, the
transmitter works at the maximum transmit power specified in the EUT technical
file.
4.2.3 Test arrangement of receiver input terminal
The appropriate normal modulation signal generated by internal or external
signal source enters the receiver input port. The external signal source must be
outside the test environment.
For integral antenna equipment, the useful signal for establishing a
communication connection shall be transmitted from the equipment to the
antenna located in the test environment. This antenna shall be connected to an
external signal source through a shielded cable.
For non-integral antenna equipment, the useful signal for establishing a
communication connection shall be led out from the antenna connector using a
suitable shielded cable or waveguide. Test ancillary equipment that generates
useful test signals shall be located outside the test environment.
Unless there are special regulations in other parts of this Standard, in the
4.4 Narrowband response of receiver
The narrowband response of the receiver and receiver/transmitter during the
discrete frequency test is determined by the following method:
During the immunity test, it must monitor whether its signal indicators meet the
requirements of Clause 6. Both narrowband response and wideband
phenomena may cause signal indicators to be out of tolerance. In this case, it
needs to make further judgement.
Therefore, the frequency value of 2 times of 6dB bandwidth of intermediate
frequency filter in receiver shall be increased or the frequency value greater
than the equipment channel bandwidth is tested. Similarly, reduce the same
frequency value before testing.
If the receiver is consistent with the performance criteria described in Clause 6,
it is a narrowband response.
If the receiver still does not meet the performance criteria in Clause 6, then it
may be caused by another narrowband response. At this time, increase or
decrease the frequency value to 2.5 times the 6dB bandwidth of the
intermediate frequency filter in the receiver and then perform the test. If it is still
inconsistent, it is a broadband phenomenon. The equipment has EMC
problems and fails in this test project.
Narrowband response shall be ignored.
5 Performance evaluation method
5.1 General
The following information in the technical file of EUT shall be recorded in the
test report if necessary:
- Main functions of EUT checked during and after the EMC test;
- Modulation type and characteristics used in the test (random bit stream,
message format);
- Ancillary equipment used in connection with radio equipment in the test;
- Method used to verify the establishment and maintenance of a
communication connection;
- User control functions (including volume control) under normal operation,
stored data, and evaluation methods of whether these functions or data
are missing after the immunity test;
- Or declare that it complies with other EMC standards;
- Or according to the applicable terms of the standard, connect to radio
communications equipment to complete the test, so as to prove its
performance.
5.5 Classification of EUT
In the EMC test, EUT is classified into the following three categories:
- Fixed equipment (such as base station);
- Equipment on vehicle;
- Portable equipment.
For portable equipment or combination of equipment, when it is declared that
the vehicle battery can be used to work, it shall be considered additionally as
equipment on vehicle.
For portable equipment, mobile equipment or combination of equipment, when
it is declared that AC/DC power supply can be used, additional consideration
shall be given to the equipment for fixed use.
In addition, when EUT can be inserted or integrated in the host device for use,
it shall also meet the relevant regulations in this Standard.
6 Performance criteria
6.1 Performance criterion A (continuous phenomena)
During the test, EUT shall be able to maintain normal operation without loss of
function, and performance is not allowed to be degraded.
During the test, EUT transmitter shall not produce unintentional transmission
operations when it is idle.
After the test, the running state has not changed, and the functions of storing
data and user programs have not been lost.
During and after the test, the communication link can be maintained.
6.2 Performance criterion B (transient phenomena)
During the test, performance can be degraded, and some functions can be lost,
but the actual working mode is not allowed to be changed. EUT transmitter shall
not produce unintentional transmission operations when it is idle.
8.2 Chassis port (radiated stray)
The measurement method of this item refers to the relevant content in YD/T
1483.
The recommended measurement distance for radiated spurious disturbance is
≥3m.
EUT is placed on a non-conductive support. The power supply shall pass
through the RF filter before connecting to EUT, so as not to affect the
measurement results by the power supply and cables.
If EUT is a non-integral antenna, then the antenna output port shall be
terminated with a 50Ω matched load. EUT shall be transmitted at full power.
During the measurement, the influence of useful signal overload on the
measurement equipment shall be prevented.
The upper limit of the measurement frequency is the 10th harmonic of the
highest operating frequency, but not higher than 40GHz.
The choice of bandwidth is shown in Table 3. The limits are shown in Table 5.
Table 5 -- Limit of stray radiation disturbance of chassis port
Frequency range Limit (peak value)
30MHz~1GHz -36dBm
>1GHz -30dBm
8.3 Ancillary equipment
8.3.1 Measurement method
When ancillary equipment and radio communications equipment are measured
together, the radiated emission and spurious emission of the working frequency
of the transmitter/transceiver shall be ignored. But it shall be recorded in the
test report.
The measurement shall be performed under the typical configuration of
ancillary equipment. The highest test frequency is determined by the highest
frequency fhigh of the internal source of the radio communications equipment
and its ancillary equipment. The highest frequency of internal source is defined
as the highest frequency used or produced by EUT internally or the highest
frequency produced by EUT work, tuning, as shown in Table 6.
NOTE 2: Within the frequency range of 0.15MHz ~ 0.50MHz, the limit decreases linearly with the
logarithm of the frequency.
8.7 Harmonic current (AC power input port)
8.7.1 Measurement method
For the equipment with input current ≤16A per phase, the measurement is
carried out according to GB 17625.1. For the equipment with input current per
phase >16A, the measurement is carried out according to IEC 61000-3-12.
8.7.2 Limits
The equipment with input current ≤16A per phase uses the limits for Class A
equipment in GB 17625.1. The equipment with input current per phase >16A
uses the limits for Class A equipment in IEC 61000-3-12.
8.8 Voltage fluctuation and flicker (AC power input port)
8.8.1 Measurement method
For the equipment with input current ≤16A per phase, the measurement is
carried out according to GB 17625.2. For the equipment with input current per
phase >16A, the measurement is carried out according to GB/Z 17625.3.
8.8.2 Limits
The equipment with input current ≤16A per phase uses the limits in GB 17625.2.
The equipment with input current per phase >16A uses the limits in GB/Z
17625.3.
8.9 Transient conducted disturbance (DC power input, output port)
8.9.1 Measurement method
The measurement is carried out according to ISO 7637-2.
8.9.2 Limits
The transient conducted disturbance limits of EUT are shown in Table 17.
Table 17 -- Transient conducted disturbance of DC power port
Pulse polarity
Limit / V
12V system 24V system
Positive electrode +75 +150
Negative electrode -100 -450
response at discrete frequency points, then this response shall be ignored.
The test frequency shall be recorded in the test report.
9.2.2 Performance criterion
Performance criterion A of 6.1 in this Standard applies to this sub-clause.
9.3 Immunity Test of electrical fast transient pulse group
9.3.1 Test method and level
When the signal/telecom/control port and DC power port connection cable of
fixed equipment and its ancillary equipment exceeds 3m, the items of this test
shall be carried out.
For radio communications equipment and ancillary equipment with cables
longer than 3m or connected to AC power, the test is carried out according to
GB/T 17626.4, but the following requirements shall be met:
a) The test level of the signal/telecom/control port is 0.5kV;
b) The test level of the DC power input port is 1kV;
c) The test level of the AC power input port is 1kV.
9.3.2 Performance criterion
Performance criterion B of 6.2 in this Standard applies to this sub-clause.
9.4 Surge (impact) immunity test
9.4.1 Test method and level
The test is carried out in accordance with GB/T 17626.5. At the same time, the
following requirements shall be met:
a) For AC power port, the test level of indoor equipment shall be 2kV (line-
to-ground), 1kV (line-to-line); the test level of outdoor equipment shall be
4kV (line to ground), 2kV (line to line).
b) The test level on the DC power line shall be 1kV (line-to-earth) and 0.5kV
(line-to-line).
c) For the telecommunications port directly connected to the outdoor cable,
the test level shall be 1kV (line to ground), 0.5kV (line to line). But if EUT
is a telecommunication center equipment, the test level shall be 0.5kV
(line to ground). For the telecommunications port connected to indoor
cable and the length of the connecting cable is greater than 10m, the test
9.7 Immunity tests of voltage dip, short interruption and voltage change
9.7.1 Test method and level
9.7.1.1 AC power test method and level
For the test method, see GB/T 17626.11.
Test levels shall be:
a) When the power supply voltage drops by 30%, the duration is 10ms;
b) When the power supply voltage drops by 60%, the duration is 100ms;
c) When the power supply voltage drops by >95%, the duration is 5s.
9.7.1.2 DC power test method and level
For the test method, see GB/T 17626.29. If EUT has backup power supply or
dual power supply, then the test shall be performed with the backup power
supply or dual power supply working.
For the test level, see 9.7.2.2.
9.7.2 Performance criterion
9.7.2.1 AC power supply performance criterion
For a voltage dip with a voltage drop of 30% and a duration of 10ms, the
following performance criterion shall be used:
For EUT and its ancillary equipment, performance criterion B of 6.2 in this
Standard applies to this sub-clause.
For a voltage dip with a voltage drop of 60% and a duration of 100ms AND a
voltage interruption with a voltage drop of more than 95% and a duration of
5000ms, the following performance criteria shall be used:
a) If EUT is equipped with or connected to a backup battery, then
performance criterion B of 6.2 in this Standard applies to this sub-clause;
b) If EUT is powered by AC power only (do not use backup battery), then
performance criterion C of 6.3 in this Standard applies to this sub-clause.
In case of communication interruption or loss of user data, it shall be recorded
in the test report.
9.7.2.2 Performance criteria of DC power supply
The evaluation of combined radio equipment can be carried out through
electromagnetic compatibility tests that have been carried out on independent
products. If this independent product has been used in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions, and the existing electromagnetic compatibility test
configuration can represent its typical application on combined radio equipment,
then it doesn’t need to re-evaluate this product or the entire combined radio
equipment. Only when the electromagnetic compatibility test of the independent
product is not comprehensive or the evaluation result is not clear enough, re-
evaluation is required.
A.2.1.1 Disturbance test
The independent products in the combined radio equipment need to meet
different electromagnetic compatibility standards due to different combinations.
However, for a given combined radio device, the applicable standards shall be
selected based on the main equipment of the combined radio equipment. Ports
not included in the electromagnetic compatibility standards of the main
equipment shall be evaluated in accordance with the electromagnetic
compatibility standards corresponding to other products in the combined radio
equipment.
A.2.1.2 Immunity test
For the various products that make up the combined equipment, different
immunity test levels, test items and performance criteria may have been tested
according to relevant standards. For the immunity test of the main product, it
can be considered that it meets the immunity test requirements of the combined
equipment.
If the immunity test of the main product does not include the following content,
the following immunity tests shall be added:
- The immunity test of conducted disturbance induced by the radio frequency
field of the telecommunication, signal and control ports of combined
equipment.
- The immunity test of radio frequency electromagnetic field radiation for
radio and/or telecommunication functions in combined equipment.
When there are one or more wireless products, the exempt-testing frequency
band shall be derived from the electromagnetic compatibility standards of all
corresponding wireless products. When evaluating the combined equipment,
all exempt-testing frequency bands shall be used reasonably.
If there are additional immunity test requirements in the product standard, then
the test must be included in the test requirements of the combined equipment.
For testing level of the combined equipment, the performance criterion and test
method shall be carried out in accordance with the standard corresponding to
the main function.
If the immunity test of the main product does not include the following content,
the following immunity tests shall be added:
- The immunity test of conducted disturbance induced by the radio frequency
field of the telecommunication, signal and control ports of composite
equipment.
- The immunity test of radio frequency electromagnetic field radiation of radio
and/or telecommunication functions in the combined equipment.
When there are one or more radio products, the exempt-testing frequency band
shall be derived from the electromagnetic compatibility standards of all
corresponding wireless products. When evaluating the combined equipment,
all exempt-testing frequency bands shall be used reasonably.
If there are additional immunity test requirements in the product standard, then
this test must be included in the test requirements of the combined equipment.
If the combined equipment can establish one or more communication links, then
these communication links must remain connected during the immunity test.
In the immunity test, the link loss or performance degradation of radio products
caused by narrowband phenomena shall be ignored. For performance criteria
for transmitters of radio products of the combined equipment, it must consider
the inadvertent emission in idle state.
A.3 Examples for various types of combined radio equipment
A.3.1 Example for equipment type 1
GPRS base station: It is composed of GSM base station and IP digital switch in
a single cabinet.
A.3.2 Example for equipment type 2
PC with wireless LAN card inserted: The wireless LAN card depends on the PC
for power supply and control.
PDA with WAN card inserted: The WAN card relies on the personal digital
assistant (PDA) for power supply and control.
A.3.3 Example for equipment type 3
Cordless automatic branch switch (PABX): The radio frequency unit is extended
Annex B
(normative)
Test guides for multi-mode terminal electromagnetic compatibility
This chapter gives general guidelines for electromagnetic compatibility test of
multi-mode terminals. For narrative convenience, take dual-mode terminal as
an example, other multi-mode terminals can be analogized.
The two systems of the dual-mode terminal are referred to as system A and
system B respectively. System A and System B can respectively establish a
circuit exchange link and a data exchange link with the corresponding base
station simulator. If it does not support the data link format, relevant tests are
not required. The following describes its electromagnetic compatibility test
guidelines in detail.
B.1 Terminal that does not support dual-mode simultaneous work
If the dual-mode terminal does not support two modes to work at the same time
(for example, it does not support simultaneous standby GSM/GPRS+CDMA
dual-mode terminal), then conduct electromagnetic compatibility test in
accordance with the following guidelines:
The electromagnetic compatibility test of standard A is carried out in accordance
with the corresponding electromagnetic compatibility product standard of
standard A. All indicators need to meet standard requirements;
The electromagnetic compatibility test of standard B is carried out according to
the corresponding electromagnetic compatibility product standard of standard
B. All indicators need to meet standard requirements.
B.2 Terminal that supports dual-mode simultaneous work
If the dual-mode terminal supports two modes to work at the same time (for
example, GSM/GPRS+CDMA dual-mode dual-standby terminal), then conduct
according to the following guidelines:
B.2.1 Disturbance test
For disturbance test, if two or more strong carrier frequency signals enter the
receiver/spectrum analyzer at the same time during the test, pay attention to
eliminate the resulting clutter interference.
B.2.1.1 Spurious test
...... Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
|