GB/T 18833-2012 PDF English
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Retroreflective sheeting for traffic control
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| GB/T 18833-2002 | English | 679 |
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Retro-reflective sheeting for road traffic signs
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GB/T 18833-2012: PDF in English (GBT 18833-2012) GB/T 18833-2012
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 03.220.20
R 10
Replacing GB/T 18833-2002
Retroreflective sheeting for traffic control
ISSUED ON: DECEMBER 31, 2012
IMPLEMENTED ON: JUNE 01, 2013
Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative references ... 5
3 Terms and definitions ... 6
4 Classification ... 10
5 Technical requirements ... 11
6 Test methods ... 18
7 Inspection rules ... 24
8 Marking, packaging, transportation and storage ... 25
References ... 27
Retroreflective sheeting for traffic control
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the classification, technical requirements, test methods,
inspection rules and requirements for marking, packaging, transportation and storage
of retroreflective sheeting for traffic control (hereinafter referred to as retroreflective
sheeting).
This Standard applies to the retroreflective sheeting used for traffic management and
operation facilities such as road traffic signs, contour marks, traffic cones, traffic pillars,
anti-collision barrels (pads), and road barriers. It also applies – as a reference – to the
retroreflective sheeting used in water transportation, aviation, railway and other
transportation.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies to this document. For
undated references, the latest edition (including any amendment) applies to this
document.
GB/T 2918, Plastics - Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
GB/T 3681, Plastics - Methods of exposure to direct weathering, to weathering using
glass-filtered daylight, and to intensified weathering by daylight using Fresnel
mirrors
GB/T 3978, Standard illuminants and geometric conditions
GB/T 3979, Methods for the measurement of object color
GB/T 10125, Corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres - Salt spray tests
GB/T 16422.2, Plastics - Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 2:
Xenon-arc lamps
JT/T 685, Measurer for adhesion performance of retroreflective sheeting
JT/T 686, Measurer for impact resistance of retroreflective sheeting
JT/T 687, Measurer for liner removal performance of retroreflective sheeting
JT/T 688-2007, Retroreflection vocabulary
JT/T 689, Test method for coefficient of retroreflection of utilizing the coplanar
geometry
JT/T 690, Test method for photometric characteristics of retroreflectors
JT/T 692, Test method for colorimetric characteristics of retroreflectors under
nighttime conditions
JT/T 693, Test method for daytime colorimetric properties of fluorescent
retroreflective sheeting and marking materials
JT/T 762, Measurer for flexibility of retroreflective sheeting
3 Terms and definitions
Terms and definitions determined by JT/T 688 and the following are applicable to this
document. For ease of use, some of the terms and definitions in JT/T 688 are repeated
below.
3.1 Retroreflection
A reflection in which the reflected light returns from the opposite direction to that of
the incident light. This property can still be maintained when the direction of incident
light changes in a large range.
[JT/T 688-2007, definition 2.1]
3.2 Retroreflective sheeting
A retroreflective material – which has been made into a thin film – that can be directly
applied.
[JT/T 688-2007, definition 2.4]
3.3 Retroreflector
A reflective surface or device with retroreflective properties.
[JT/T 688-2007, definition 2.5]
3.4 Retroreflector axis
A specific ray emanating from the retroreflector center (as shown in Figure 1).
Note: The retroreflector axis is usually the centerline of the direction of illumination.
When the retroreflector is axisymmetric, the retroreflector axis generally
coincides with the symmetry axis of the retroreflector.
[JT/T 688-2007, definition 2.10]
3.6 Illumination axis
A ray – emitted from the retroreflector center – passing through the point of the light
source (as shown in Figure 1).
[JT/T 688-2007, definition 2.11]
3.7 Observation axis
A ray – emitted from the retroreflector center – passing through the observation point
(as shown in Figure 1).
[JT/T 688-2007, definition 2.12]
3.8 Datum mark
A mark on the retroreflector, emitted from the retroreflector axis, indicating where the
datum axis is pointing.
[JT/T 688-2007, definition 2.15]
3.9 Entrance angle
The angle between the illumination axis and the retroreflector axis.
Note: The entrance angle is usually not greater than 90°, but it is specified as -180° ≤ β
≤ 180° in consideration of completeness. In the goniometer system, β is
decomposed into two components, β1 and β2.
[JT/T 688-2007, definition 2.21]
3.10 Observation angle
The angle between the illumination axis and the observation axis.
Note: The observation angle is not negative, and is usually less than 2°.
[JT/T 688-2007, definition 2.24]
3.11 Rotation angle
Note 2: The degree of rotationally uniform can be expressed numerically.
[JT/T 688-2007, definition 2.41]
3.15 Fluorescence
A material characteristics, that absorbs short wavelengths of visible or ultraviolet light
during the day and reradiates them at longer wavelengths to produce visible light in a
narrow emission band.
3.16 Nighttime color
Retroreflective color
The color of the retroreflective material observed from a direction close to the incident
light under nighttime conditions, that is, when the standard A light source is used.
4 Classification
4.1 Retroreflective sheeting can be divided into glass bead type and micro-prism type
according to its retroreflection principle.
4.2 Retroreflective sheeting can be divided into the following seven types according to
its luminosity, structure and use:
a) Type I – usually a lens-embedded glass bead structure, called engineering-grade
retroreflective sheeting; with a service life of 7 years in general; can be used for
permanent traffic signs and work area facilities;
b) Type II – usually a lens-embedded glass bead structure, called super-engineering
grade retroreflective sheeting; with a service life of 10 years in general; can be
used for permanent traffic signs and work area facilities;
c) Type III – usually a sealed capsule glass bead structure, called high-strength
retroreflective sheeting; with a service life of 10 years in general; can be used for
permanent traffic signs and work area facilities;
d) Type IV – usually a micro-prism structure, called ultra-high strength
retroreflective sheeting; with a service life of 10 years in general; can be used for
permanent traffic signs, work area facilities and contour marks;
e) Type V – usually a micro-prism structure, called large-angle retroreflective
sheeting; with a service life of 10 years in general; can be used for permanent
traffic signs, work area facilities and contour marks;
f) Type VI – usually a micro-prism structure, with metal coating; with a service life
of 3 years in general; can be used for contour marks and traffic columns, and can
also be used for work area facilities and traffic signs with fewer characters when
there is no metal coating;
g) Type VII – usually a micro-prism structure, of flexible material; with a service
life of 3 years in general; can be used for temporary traffic signs and work area
facilities.
Note 1: The structures of various types of retroreflective sheeting are typical structures
commonly used, and the existence of other structures cannot be ruled out. For
example, prism-type engineering-grade retroreflective sheeting is a Type I
retroreflective sheeting.
Note 2: The service life of various types of retroreflective sheeting is the period
generally promised by the manufacturer, and the actual service life is related
to its material and use. For example, fluorescent retroreflective sheeting and
retroreflective sheeting used for temporary traffic signs and work area facilities
generally have a service life of 3 years.
5 Technical requirements
5.1 General requirements
5.1.1 Retroreflective sheeting shall be supplied in rolls in general. The retroreflective
sheeting shall be evenly, flatly and tightly wound on a rigid circular core, and shall be
free from defects such as deformation, defect, uneven edge or inclusion of irrelevant
materials.
5.1.2 Generally, the length of each roll of retroreflective sheeting shall not be less than
45.72 m. The entire roll of retroreflective sheeting cannot be spliced in the width
direction, and shall have no more than 3 joints in the length direction, which shall be
visible at the edge of the rolled sheeting. A margin of 0.5 m of retroreflective sheeting
shall be reserved for each splicing. The continuous length of each retroreflective
sheeting shall not be less than 10 m.
5.1.3 The retroreflective sheeting shall be provided with the printing performance of
color. Under normal temperature, the retroreflective sheeting shall be printed in various
colors by using inks and printing methods that match the retroreflective sheeting.
5.1.4 The retroreflective sheeting of various colors other than white can also be formed
by pasting a colored transparent sheeting (called “electro-etched sheeting”) on the white
retroreflective sheeting.
5.2 Appearance quality
The retroreflective sheeting shall have a smooth and clean outer surface, and shall be
free from defects such as obvious scratches, streaks, bubbles, uneven color and
Fill area of the chromaticity coordinates of fluorescent yellow green, fluorescent
yellow, fluorescent orange.
Figure 4 – Chromaticity diagram of various colors of retroreflective sheeting
(nighttime color)
5.5 Shock resistance
The retroreflective sheeting shall be provided with shock resistance. After the test
according to the method in 6.6, there shall be no cracks, interlayer detachment or other
damage outside the impacted surface.
5.6 Bending resistance
The retroreflective sheeting shall be able to withstand moderate bending. After the test
according to the method in 6.7, there shall be no damage such as cracks, peeling or
interlayer separation on the surface.
5.7 Adhesion performance
The gum of the retroreflective sheeting shall have sufficient adhesion, and the bonding
between the structural layers shall be firm. After the test according to the method in 6.8,
the peeling length after 5 minutes shall not be greater than 20 mm.
5.8 Shrinkage performance
After the test according to the method in 6.9, the retroreflective sheeting shall not shrink
significantly, and the shrinkage of any side shall not exceed 0.8 mm within 10 min, and
shall not exceed 3.2 mm within 24 h.
5.9 Liner removal performance of release paper
After the test according to the method in 6.10, without wetting the retroreflective
sheeting with water or other solvents, the release paper shall be easily peeled off
manually without damage such as breakage, tearing or adhesive stripping from the
retroreflective sheeting.
5.10 Tensile load
After the test according to the method in 6.11, the tensile load value of Type I and Type
II retroreflective sheeting shall not be less than 24 N.
5.11 Solvent resistance
After being soaked in gasoline and ethanol according to the method in 6.12, the surface
of the retroreflective sheeting shall not be softened, wrinkled, leaked, foamed, cracked
or dissolved.
5.12 Salt spray corrosion resistance
b) From the entire roll of retroreflective sheeting test specimen, randomly cut 1 m of
retroreflective sheeting along the width; cut the retroreflective sheeting test
specimen from the left, middle and right positions along the diagonal; make the
datum mark on the back according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
c) Prepare test specimens according to the method specified in this Standard.
6.2 Test conditions
6.2.1 Before the test, the test specimens shall be placed in an environment where the
temperature is 23 °C ± 2 °C and the relative humidity is 50% ± 10% for more than 24
hours according to the provisions of GB/T 2918, and then subjected to various tests.
6.2.2 The test should be carried out in an environment where the temperature is 23 °C
± 2 °C and the relative humidity is 50% ± 10%.
6.3 Appearance quality
In an environment where the illuminance is not less than 150 lx, place the retroreflective
sheeting freely on a platform, and conduct a visual inspection in front of the
retroreflective sheeting or release paper within a distance of 1 m.
6.4 Luminosity
6.4.1 Cut a 150 mm × 150 mm monochromatic retroreflective sheeting test specimen,
and test the coefficient of retroreflection of the retroreflective sheeting according to the
ratio method, substitution method or direct luminous intensity method specified in JT/T
690.
6.4.2 During the arbitration test, the coefficient of retroreflection of the retroreflective
sheeting shall be tested according to the method specified in JT/T 689.
6.4.3 In general, the rotation angle ε during the test is taken as 0° or 90°. A different
rotation angle can also be selected for testing according to the requirements of the
manufacturer or the entrusting party.
6.5 Chromaticity
6.5.1 Cut out a 150 mm × 150 mm test specimen of monochrome retroreflective
sheeting; adopt the CIE standard illuminant D65 light source specified in GB/T 3978;
take the geometric condition of 45°a:0°; according to the methods stipulated in GB/T
3979 and JT/T 693 respectively, measure the chromaticity coordinates and luminance
factors of the daytime color of various types of retroreflective sheeting.
6.5.2 Cut out a 150 mm × 150 mm test specimen of monochrome retroreflective
sheeting; use the CIE standard illuminator A light source specified in GB/T 3978, and
the illumination and observation conditions with an entrance angle of 0° and an
observation angle of 0.2°; according to the method specified in JT/T 692, measure the
-- when the old product is transferred to another factory for production;
-- when the products that have been discontinued for 1 year or more is reproduced;
-- every time when a product in normal production goes through one year of
production;
-- when changes in product design, process or materials affect product performance;
-- when requested by the purchaser or the quality supervision and inspection
department.
7.3.2 Samples shall be randomly selected for type inspection, and all performance tests
shall be carried out according to the test methods in Chapter 6 (the weather resistance
test can be carried out once every four years).
7.4 Determination rules
7.4.1 For each performance test in this Standard, at least 3 samples shall be taken. On
the basis that all the test results of the samples are qualified, take the arithmetic mean
of the test results of 3 (or more than 3) samples as the test result.
7.4.2 If the test result of a certain sample does not meet the standard requirements,
double the number of samples shall be taken from the same batch of products for
retesting of the unqualified item. If the retest results are all qualified, the whole batch
of products shall be qualified; if the retest results (including any index required by the
test) have unqualified items, the entire batch of products shall be unqualified.
8 Marking, packaging, transportation and storage
8.1 Marking
8.1.1 On the front of the retroreflective sheeting or the back of the release paper, there
shall be clear and durable name, trademark or other representative symbols of the
manufacturer. If it is difficult to identify after removing the release paper, it shall be
properly marked on the front of the retroreflective sheeting; product identification such
as the category and batch number of the retroreflective sheeting can also be added.
8.1.2 There shall be a description in Chinese on the outside of each roll of retroreflective
sheeting packaging box, indicating the type, quantity, color, production date, batch
number, etc. of the retroreflective sheeting contained in the box.
8.2 Packaging
8.2.1 For the retroreflective sheeting packaged in rolls, each roll shall be packaged with
materials that meet environmental protection requirements, and then placed in the
carton by hanging in the air through the bracket.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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