GB/T 16253-2019 PDF in English
GB/T 16253-2019 (GB/T16253-2019, GBT 16253-2019, GBT16253-2019)
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Steel castings for pressure purposes
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GB/T 16253-2019: PDF in English (GBT 16253-2019) GB/T 16253-2019
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 77.140.80
J 31
Replacing GB/T 16253-1996
Steel castings for pressure purposes
(ISO 4991:2015, MOD)
ISSUED ON: AUGUST 30, 2019
IMPLEMENTED ON: MARCH 01, 2020
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative references ... 5
3 Technical requirements ... 9
4 Test methods ... 17
5 Inspection rules ... 18
6 Marks, quality certificate, packaging, transportation and storage ... 21
7 Supplementary requirements ... 22
Annex A (informative) Comparison on chapter numbers between this Standard and ISO
4991:2015 ... 23
Annex B (normative) Supplementary requirements for additional inspection items .. 24
Annex C (informative) Information that the purchaser needs to provide when ordering
casting products ... 29
Annex D (informative) Comparison with ISO 4991:2015 cast steel designations ... 30
Annex E (informative) Allowable deviation between verification analysis results and
smelting analysis results ... 31
Annex F (informative) Nominal creep properties of some cast steels ... 32
Annex G (informative) Welding conditions ... 34
Steel castings for pressure purposes
1 Scope
This document specifies the technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules,
marks, quality specifications, packaging, transportation and storage, supplementary
requirements for steel castings for pressure purposes.
This Standard applies to steel castings for pressure purposes that are made of carbon
steel and alloy steel.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 223.3, Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The diantipyryl
methane phosphomolybdate gravimetric method for the determination of phosphorus
content
GB/T 223.5, Steel and iron - Determination of acid-soluble silicon and total silicon
content - Reduced molybdosilicate spectrophotometric method (GB/T 223.5-2008,
ISO 4829-1:1986, ISO 4829-2:1988, MOD)
GB/T 223.9, Iron, steel and alloy - Determination of aluminium content - Chrome
azurol S photometric method
GB/T223.11, Iron, steel and alloy - Determination of chromium content - Visual
titration or potentiometric titration method (GB/T 223.11-2008, ISO 4937:1986,
MOD)
GB/T 223.14, Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The N-benzoyl-
N-phenylhydroxylamine extraction photometric method for the determination of
vanadium content
GB/T 223.18, Methods for chemical analysis of iron steel and alloy - The sodium
thiosulfate separation iodometric method for the determination of copper content
GB/T 223.22, Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The nitroso-R-
salt spectrophotometric method for the determination of cobalt content
GB/T 223.23, Iron, steel and alloy - Determination of nickel content - The
dimethylglyoxime spectrophotometric method
GB/T 223.25, Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The
dimethylglyoxime gravimetric method for the determination of nickel content
GB/T 223.26, Iron, steel and alloy - Determination of molybdenum content - The
thiocyanate spectrophotometric method
GB/T 223.28, Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The α-benzoin
oxime gravimetric method for the determination of molybdenum content
GB/T 223.30, Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The arsenazo
Ⅲ spectrophotometric method for the determination of zirconium content after
separation by p-bromomandelic acid
GB/T 223.36, Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The neutral
titration method for the determination of nitrogen content after distillation separation
GB/T 223.58, Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The sodium
arsenite-sodium nitrite titrimetric method for the determination of manganese content
GB/T 223.60, Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The perchloric
acid dehydration gravimetric method for the determination of silicon content
GB/T 223.63, Iron, steel and alloy - Determination of manganese content - Sodium
(potassium) periodate spectrophotometric method
GB/T 223.65, Steel, iron and alloy - Determination of cobalt content - Flame atomic
absorption spectrometric method (GB/T 223.65-2012, ISO 11652:1997, MOD)
GB/T 223.75, Iron, steel and alloy - Determination of boron content - Methanol
distillation-curcumin photometric method
GB/T 223.78, Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy. Curcumin
spectrophotometric method for the determination of boron content (GB/T 223.78-
2000, idt ISO 10153:1997)
GB/T 223.81, Iron, steel and alloy - Determination of total aluminum and total boron
contents - Microwave digestion-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric
method
GB/T 223.84, Steel and iron - Determination of titanium content -
Diantipyrylmethane spectrophotometric method (GB/T 223.84-2009, ISO
10280:1991, IDT)
GB/T 223.85, Steel and iron - Determination of sulfur content - Infrared absorption
method after combustion in an induction furnace (GB/T 223.85-2009, ISO 4935:1989,
IDT)
GB/T 223.86, Steel and iron - Determination of total carbon content - Infrared
steel in the same furnace and heat treated in the same furnace are one batch;
b) Batch by piece: Each piece is a batch. Only applicable to the products specified
in the technical conditions;
c) Other batching rules agreed upon by both parties.
5.3 Sampling rules
5.3.1 Sampling for chemical analysis
5.3.1.1 According to the provisions of GB/T 5678 or GB/T 20066, take samples from
each molten steel for chemical composition analysis. When there is a dispute between
the supplier and the purchaser on the analysis results, samples can be taken from the
furnace sample, the test block or the specimen representing the casting. According to
GB/T 223.3, GB/T 223.5, GB/T 223.9, GB/T 223.11, GB/T 223.14, GB/T 223.18, GB/T
223.22, GB/T 223.23, GB/T 223.25, GB/T 223.26, GB/T 223.28, GB/T 223.30, GB/T
223.36, GB/T 223.58, GB/T 223.60, GB/T 223.63, GB/T 223.65, GB/T 223.75, GB/T
223.78, GB/T 223.81, GB/T 223.84, GB/T 223.85, GB/T 223.86, check and analyze the
corresponding elements. It may refer to Annex E for the allowable deviation between
the check analysis result and the smelting analysis result or it is negotiated between the
supplier and the purchaser.
5.3.1.2 When the wall thickness is greater than 15mm, samples shall be taken at least
6mm below the casting surface.
5.3.2 Sampling for mechanical properties
5.3.2.1 Room temperature tensile specimen
A tensile test specimen shall be taken from a test block representative of the batch of
castings. The size of the specimen shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 228.1.
5.3.2.2 High temperature tensile specimen
When the high temperature tensile test is specified, the tensile specimen shall be
prepared from the test block according to the quantity specified in the contract. The size
of the specimen shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 228.2.
5.3.2.3 Impact test specimen
When the impact test is specified, a set (three pieces) of Charpy V-notch standard
impact test specimens shall be prepared from the test block representing the batch of
castings. The size of the specimen shall meet the requirements of GB/T 229.
5.3.2.4 Sampling location
Unless otherwise agreed by the supplier and the purchaser, when sampling type A test
5.5.2 If the tensile test results are unqualified, double reinspection is allowed on the
original test block (or another test block cast in the same furnace and heat-treated in the
same furnace). The reinspection result shall meet the supplementary requirements
specified in 3.5.1 and the contract, otherwise it shall be rejected.
5.5.3 If the average value of the three impact test results does not meet the requirements
of 3.5.2 and (or) 3.5.3, or the impact test value of one specimen is lower than 70% of
the index requirements, three additional specimens are allowed to be reinspected on the
original test block or another test block cast in the same furnace and heat-treated in the
same furnace. The average value of the six impact specimens before and after the
reinspection shall comply with 3.5.2 and (or) 3.5.3 and the supplementary requirements
specified in the contract. The reinspection specimen is not allowed to have a single
value lower than 70% of the index requirements, otherwise it will be rejected.
5.6 Re-heat treatment
When the mechanical property inspection or re-inspection fails, re-heat treatment of the
casting and its test block is allowed. The reheat-treated castings and their test blocks
shall be subjected to all mechanical property tests as a new batch. Without the consent
of the purchaser, the re-heat treatment of the casting and its test block shall not exceed
two times (if there is no special provision, the number of tempering times is not limited).
6 Marks, quality certificate, packaging, transportation and
storage
6.1 Marks
6.1.1 In principle, each casting shall be clearly marked. The mark shall include the
material designation, inspection batch number, melting furnace number or
identification number traceable to the melting furnace number, and other contents
required by the purchaser to be marked.
6.1.2 Small castings can be marked in batches. Hang a marked sign on each batch of
castings.
6.1.3 Unless otherwise agreed by the supplier and the purchaser, the casting shall have
the name or code of the supplier and other signs.
6.1.4 When a variety of heat treatment methods can be selected for the casting, the
selected heat treatment method code shall be added after the material designation in the
mark.
6.1.5 Unless specified by the purchaser, the location of the mark shall be determined by
the supplier.
6.2 Quality certificate
Castings delivered shall be accompanied by quality certificate. The content of the
quality certificate shall include:
a) Supplier's name;
b) Casting number or lot number;
c) Casting drawing number or order contract number;
d) Cast steel designation, melting furnace number;
e) Heat treatment furnace number and heat treatment state;
f) Various inspection results (including supplementary requirements) or reinspection
results;
g) Other content agreed by both parties;
h) Signature and seal of the quality inspection department and its representative;
i) Other documents.
6.3 Packaging, transportation and storage
6.3.1 The castings shall be protected or packaged after passing the inspection.
6.3.2 The surface protection, transportation and storage of castings shall comply with
the provisions of the contract.
6.3.3 The castings shall be protected from corrosion during storage.
7 Supplementary requirements
For additional requirements for additional inspection or inspection items, see Annex B.
Annex B
(normative)
Supplementary requirements for additional inspection items
B.1 Manufacturing process
B.1.1 Both the supplier and the purchaser shall confirm the manufacturing process of
the casting and indicate it in the contract.
B.1.2 Both the supplier and the purchaser shall confirm the residual element content
that is not included in the chemical composition of the casting and indicate it in the
contract.
B.1.3 A smelting method report shall be provided to the purchaser.
B.1.4 When specified in the contract, the detailed heat treatment process (heat treatment
time-temperature curve) of the casting shall be provided to the purchaser.
B.2 Casting weight and weight tolerance
Both the supplier and the purchaser shall determine the casting weight, weight tolerance
and weighing method in the contract. The weight tolerance of castings shall comply
with the contract or the provisions of GB/T 11351.
B.3 Surface quality inspection and internal quality inspection
B.3.1 Both the supplier and the purchaser shall specify in the contract the non-
destructive testing method used for casting inspection, the parts to be inspected and the
acceptance requirements.
B.3.2 The surface quality inspection of castings shall be carried out in accordance with
the provisions of GB/T 15056.
B.3.3 The magnetic particle inspection of the casting surface is carried out according to
the provisions of GB/T 9444.
B.3.4 The penetration testing of castings is carried out in accordance with the provisions
of GB/T 9443.
B.3.5 The ultrasonic testing of castings shall be carried out in accordance with the
provisions of GB/T 7233.1 and GB/T 7233.2.
B.3.6 The radiographic inspection of castings shall be carried out in accordance with
the provisions of GB/T 5677.
B.4 Weld inspection during casting manufacturing
B.4.1 The welding area of the casting shall be inspected before and after welding
according to the non-destructive testing method specified in the contract. Magnetic
particle testing or penetrant testing shall be selected for surface inspection of castings
before welding.
B.4.2 Both the supplier and the purchaser shall specify the acceptance criteria for pre-
welding inspection and post-weld inspection in the contract. If there are no other
requirements, the acceptance criteria shall be consistent with the cast steel matrix at the
same location. See B.3 for the method of non-destructive testing.
B.5 Weight and uniformity inspection of a single batch of castings
B.5.1 Single batch casting weight
The maximum weight of each batch of castings can be 500kg, 1000kg or 5000kg. The
supplier and the purchaser can also stipulate other batching methods based on statistical
control methods in the contract.
B.5.2 Uniformity inspection of single batch castings
Take 5% of castings from each batch. Each batch shall not be less than 5 pieces (or
sample according to the quantity specified in the contract). The hardness test shall be
carried out according to the provisions of GB/T 231.1. The location for hardness
measurement shall be the same for each casting. The deviation value shall be negotiated
by both parties.
B.6 Prior agreement on major welding repairs
B.6.1 Before major welding repairs, the purchaser's consent shall be obtained and
indicated in the contract.
B.6.2 When the depth of the pit prepared by welding repair exceeds 20% of the wall
thickness of the casting or 25mm (whichever is the smaller), or the area exceeds 65cm2,
or the casting pressure test leaks, it is considered as a major welding repair.
B.7 Welding repair drawing
The location and scope of each welding repair shall be marked on the drawings or
photos. Submit the relevant information to the purchaser.
B.8 Test block
B.8.1 Test blocks that represent castings
B.8.1.1 The maximum thickness of the main section of the casting shall be specified by
the purchaser in the contract. The mechanical properties listed in Table 3 to Table 6 are
B.8.2 Selection of type B test block and type C test block
Both the supplier and the purchaser shall confirm to select type B test block or type C
test block.
B.8.3 Selection of single cast test block and additional cast test block
Both the supplier and the purchaser shall confirm to select single cast test block or
additional cast test block.
B.9 Surface treatment
Surfaces of machined or unmachined castings shall be protected.
B.10 Hot isostatic pressing (HIP)
Both the supplier and the purchaser shall confirm the hot isostatic pressing process of
the castings and the methods of examination and inspection.
B.11 Performance inspection
B.11.1 Determination of ferrite content in austenitic steel castings or austenitic-
ferritic steel castings
The determination of ferrite content in austenitic steel castings or austenitic-ferritic steel
castings shall be carried out according to the inspection method agreed upon by the
supplier and purchaser.
B.11.2 Hardness inspection
Brinell hardness determination of castings or test blocks shall be carried out in
accordance with the provisions of GB/T 231.1. If the purchaser does not specify the
location for determination, the supplier shall decide. If the Rockwell hardness or
Vickers hardness of the casting or test block is determined according to GB/T 230.1 or
GB/T 4340.1, it shall be converted into Brinell hardness according to GB/T 33362.
B.11.3 Specified non-proportional elongation strength test at high temperature
The specified non-proportional elongation strength at high temperature shall meet the
index or contract.
B.11.4 Impact performance inspection
The impact performance shall meet the specifications or contract requirements. The
supplier and the purchaser can agree to add the determination for lateral expansion
value and shear section ratio. The determination process shall comply with the
provisions of GB/T 12778.
B.11.5 Intergranular corrosion test
Annex C
(informative)
Information that the purchaser needs to provide when ordering casting products
C.1 Information to provide when ordering
C.1.1 The pattern number and/or drawing of the casting shall be provided. If a pattern
is provided, a description of the parts in the pattern shall be included. When no drawing
is provided, the casting shall be made according to the pattern. The foundry is not
responsible for the dimensions of the casting in this case. The modifications to the
drawings or appearances due to the manufacturer's process requirements shall be
approved by the purchaser.
C.1.2 Casting material standard number, delivery condition and designation.
C.2 Supplementary information to be provided when ordering
Depending on the situation, the following supplementary information shall also be
provided when ordering:
a) The supplementary requirements in Annex B;
b) The non-destructive testing method used, the location, scope and acceptance
conditions of non-destructive testing;
c) The inspection documents to be provided upon delivery;
d) The batch size of the test batch;
e) The marks, machining, guarding, packaging, boxing, shipment, mode of transport
and destination;
f) The provision of casting samples for approval before mass production;
g) The statistical controls used in sampling;
h) Other supporting documents.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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