GB/T 14951-2023 PDF in English
GB/T 14951-2023 (GB/T14951-2023, GBT 14951-2023, GBT14951-2023)
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Measurement method of fuel saving technology for automobiles
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| GB/T 14951-2007 | English | 155 |
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Measurement method of fuel saving technology for automobiles
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GB/T 14951-2023: PDF in English (GBT 14951-2023) GB/T 14951-2023
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.020
CCS R 06
Replacing GB/T 14951-2007
Measurement Method of Fuel Saving Technology for
Automobiles
ISSUED ON: MAY 23, 2023
IMPLEMENTED ON: MAY 23, 2023
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative References ... 5
3 Terms and Definitions ... 6
4 Abbreviations ... 6
5 Evaluation Indexes ... 7
6 Test Items and Test Methods ... 8
7 Calculation of Evaluation Indexes ... 17
Appendix A (normative) Test Method for Emitted Pollutant of Engines under Full-load
Steady-speed Emission ... 26
Appendix B (normative) Test Method for Actual Operation of Vehicle Fleet ... 28
Appendix C (normative) Test Method for Automobile Fuel-saving Additives and Fuel
Compatibility ... 32
Appendix D (normative) Test Method for the Stability of Engine Lubricating Oil-saving
Additives ... 34
Measurement Method of Fuel Saving Technology for
Automobiles
1 Scope
This document describes the evaluation index, test items and test methods of the fuel saving
technology of vehicles in use, as well as the calculation of the evaluation index.
This document is applicable to the evaluation of the application effect of fuel saving products
and technology of vehicles in use.
2 Normative References
The contents of the following documents constitute indispensable clauses of this document
through the normative references in the text. In terms of references with a specified date, only
versions with a specified date are applicable to this document. In terms of references without a
specified date, the latest version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 260 Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products - Distillation Method
GB/T 265 Petroleum Products - Determination of Kinematic Viscosity and Calculation of
Dynamic Viscosity
GB/T 511 Petroleum, Petroleum Products and Additives - Method for Determination of
Mechanical Admixtures
GB/T 3142 Standard Test Method for Determination of Load-carrying Capacity of Lubricants
- Four-ball Method
GB/T 3535 Petroleum Products - Determination of Pour Point
GB/T 3536 Petroleum Products - Determination of Flash and Fire Points - Cleveland Open Cup
Method
GB/T 3730.1 Terms and Definitions of Motor Vehicles, Trailers and Combination Vehicle - Part
1: Types
GB 3847-2018 Limits and Measurement Methods for Emissions from Diesel Vehicles under
Free Acceleration and Lugdown Cycle
GB/T 5096 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip
Test
GB/T 5181 Automotive Emission - Terms and Definitions
GB/T 6538 Determination of Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils - Using the Cold-cranking
Simulator
GB/T 12543 Motor Vehicles - Acceleration Performance - Test Method
GB/T 12545.1-2008 Measurement Methods of Fuel Consumption for Automobiles - Part 1:
Measurement Methods of Fuel Consumption for Passenger Cars
GB 18285-2018 Limits and Measurement Methods for Emissions from Gasoline Vehicles under
Two-speed Idle Conditions and Short Driving Mode Conditions
GB/T 18297-2001 Performance Test Code for Road Vehicle Engines
GB 18352.6-2016 Limits and Measurement Methods for Emissions from Light-duty Vehicles
(CHINA 6)
GB/T 19233 Measurement Methods of Fuel Consumption for Light-duty Vehicles
JT/T 711-2016 Limits and Measurement Methods of Fuel Consumption for Commercial
Vehicle for Passenger Transportation
JT/T 719-2016 Limits and Measurement Methods of Fuel Consumption for Commercial
Vehicle for Cargos Transportation
JT/T 1045 Technical Specifications of Vehicle Management for Road Transportation
Enterprises
3 Terms and Definitions
What is defined in GB/T 3730.1, GB/T 5181, JT/T 711 and JT/T 719, and the following terms
and definitions are applicable to this document.
3.1 fuel saving technologies for automobile
Fuel saving technologies for automobile are technologies that reduce the fuel consumption of
automobile without causing any adverse effects on other operational performances of the
automobile.
4 Abbreviations
The following abbreviations are applicable to this document.
CO: carbon monoxide
HC: hydrocarbons
conditions;
2) Emitted pollutant comparison test of diesel engines under full load and steady
speed.
6.1.2 Road test of vehicle performance
The test items of the road test of vehicle performance include:
a) Comprehensive fuel consumption comparison test of vehicles running at constant
speed;
b) Comparison test of vehicle full-throttle overrun acceleration performance;
c) Vehicle emitted pollutant comparison test, which is divided into:
1) Emitted pollutant comparison test of gasoline vehicles under two-speed idle
conditions;
2) Emitted pollutant comparison test of diesel vehicles under free acceleration.
6.1.3 Chassis dynamometer test of vehicle performance
The test items of the chassis dynamometer test of vehicle performance include:
a) Fuel consumption comparison test of vehicles operating under multiple operating
conditions;
b) Emitted pollutant comparison test of vehicles operating under multiple operating
conditions.
6.1.4 Actual operation test of vehicle fleet
The test items of the actual operation test of vehicle fleet include:
a) Actual operation fuel consumption comparison test of vehicle fleet;
b) Subjective evaluation comparison test of vehicle dynamic performance.
6.1.5 Physical and chemical performance test of fuel-saving additives
The test items of the physical and chemical performance test of fuel-saving additives include:
a) Physical and chemical performance test of fuel-saving additives;
b) Physical and chemical performance test of lubricating oil-saving additives.
6.2 Test Methods and Test Data Processing
6.2.1 Basic requirements
6.2.1.1 The fuel and lubricating oil used in the test shall be commercially available products of
the designations specified by the vehicle or engine manufacturer.
6.2.1.2 Before the test, the test vehicle or engine shall be inspected and maintained, so as to
confirm that there is no fault or abnormal operation. During the test, no technical adjustments
shall be made to the test vehicle or engine that are not related to the use of fuel-saving products
or technology.
6.2.1.3 During the test, if the test vehicle or engine fails, the comparison test shall be re-started
after the vehicle or engine failure is repaired.
6.2.1.4 For fuel-saving additives, lubricating oil-saving additives and fuel-saving products,
before use, they shall be subject to the physical and chemical performance test in accordance
with the stipulations of 6.2.6, so as to confirm that they have no adverse effects on the operation
of the vehicle or engine.
6.2.2 Bench test of engine performance
6.2.2.1 Test conditions
6.2.2.1.1 The comparison test of using and not using fuel-saving products or technology shall
be carried out with the same engine, and all tests of not using fuel-saving products or technology
shall be completed before conducting the tests of using fuel-saving products or technology.
6.2.2.1.2 The accessories attached to the engine shall comply with the requirements for the
accessories attached to the engine during the total power test specified in Table 4 of GB/T
18297-2001.
6.2.2.1.3 The instrument precision and measuring positions, and the control of general
conditions of the engine bench shall respectively comply with the stipulations of Chapter 4 and
Chapter 6 in GB/T 18297-2001.
6.2.2.1.4 Before the test, check the operation of the test engine. The transition of operation shall
be smooth, the total power shall be greater than 95% of the engine’s rated power, and the
minimum fuel consumption rate under full load shall be not greater than 105% of the engine’s
nominal value.
6.2.2.2 Total engine power and torque comparison test
6.2.2.2.1 The total engine power and torque comparison test shall be carried out in accordance
with the power test method specified in 8.3 of GB/T 18297-2001.
6.2.2.2.2 The total engine power shall be corrected in accordance with the formula in Table 3 f)
of GB/T 18297-2001.
6.2.2.2.3 The engine torque shall be corrected in accordance with the formula in Table 3 e) of
GB/T 18297-2001.
6.2.3.4.1 For gasoline vehicles, in accordance with the stipulations of Appendix A in GB 18285-
2018, measure the emitted pollutant under two-speed idle conditions.
6.2.3.4.2 For diesel vehicles, in accordance with the stipulations of Appendix A in GB 3847-
2018, measure the emitted pollutant under free acceleration.
6.2.3.5 Pre-driving
After using fuel-saving products or technology, if the test vehicle needs pre-driving, then, the
pre-driving shall be respectively completed before and after using the fuel-saving products or
technology before carrying out the vehicle performance road comparison test. It is
recommended to carry out pre-driving in accordance with the cycle specified in Table 3. During
the pre-driving and after the pre-driving is completed, the technical condition of the test vehicle
shall be normal.
6.2.3.6 Lubricating oil aging treatment
For the lubricating oil-saving products or technology for automobiles, the test vehicle shall
respectively use the reference lubricating oil and the sample lubricating oil, and carry out no
less than 5 cycles of pre-running in accordance with the cycle specified in Table 3. After the
lubricating oil aging treatment is completed, carry out the vehicle performance road comparison
test.
6.2.4 Chassis dynamometer test of vehicle performance
6.2.4.1 Test conditions
6.2.4.1.1.1 The test vehicle and test sequence shall comply with the stipulations of 6.2.3.1.1.
6.2.4.1.1.2 Vehicle preparation, chassis dynamometer settings, environmental conditions, test
fuel, test procedures and test vehicle speed deviation shall comply with the stipulations of
Appendix C in GB 18352.6-2016.
6.2.4.2 Fuel consumption comparison test of vehicles operating under multiple operating
conditions
6.2.4.2.1 The fuel consumption comparison test of vehicles operating under multiple operating
conditions is only applicable to light-duty vehicles, and the test shall be carried out in
accordance with the stipulations of GB/T 19233.
6.2.4.2.2 In accordance with Formula (6), calculate the standard deviation () of the 95th
percentile distribution of the three fuel consumption test data; compare the difference Qmax
between the maximum value and the minimum value in the three fuel consumption test data
with the value :
---If Qmax is not greater than , then, it passes the repeatability verification; take the
average value of the three test data as the measured value of the fuel consumption under
multiple operating conditions;
---If Qmax is greater than , then, it fails to pass the repeatability verification; the number
of tests shall be gradually increased, until passing the repeatability verification.
Where,
---the standard deviation of the 95th percentile distribution, expressed in (L/100 km);
𝑄---the arithmetic mean of the three fuel consumption test data, expressed in (L/100 km).
6.2.4.3 Emitted pollutant comparison test of vehicles operating under multiple operating
conditions
6.2.4.3.1 The emitted pollutant comparison test of vehicles operating under multiple operating
conditions is only applicable to light-duty vehicles, and the test and data processing shall be
carried out in accordance with the stipulations of Appendix C in GB 18352.6-2016.
6.2.4.3.2 The emitted pollutant comparison test of vehicles operating under multiple operating
conditions shall be carried out simultaneously with the fuel consumption comparison test of
vehicles operating under multiple operating conditions.
6.2.4.4 Vehicle pre-driving and lubricating oil aging treatment
In accordance with the requirements for the use of fuel-saving products or technology, vehicle
pre-driving or lubricating oil aging treatment shall be carried out in accordance with 6.2.3.5 or
6.2.3.6.
6.2.5 Actual operation test of vehicle fleet
The actual operation test and data processing of vehicle fleet shall be carried out in accordance
with the stipulations of Appendix B.
6.2.6 Physical and chemical performance test of automobile oil-saving additives
6.2.6.1 Physical and chemical performance test of automobile fuel-saving additives
6.2.6.1.1 The copper corrosion test shall be carried out in accordance with the stipulations of
GB/T 5096.
6.2.6.1.2 The compatibility test shall be carried out in accordance with the stipulations of
Appendix C.
6.2.6.2 Physical and chemical performance test of automobile engine lubricating oil-
saving additives
6.2.6.2.1 The determination of moisture content shall be carried out in accordance with the
stipulations of GB/T 260.
Appendix B
(normative)
Test Method for Actual Operation of Vehicle Fleet
B.1 Test Conditions
B.1.1 Test route
The test route shall select a fixed passenger transport route. The road is paved with asphalt or
concrete, and there should be no construction section.
B.1.2 Vehicles
B.1.2.1 The technical management of the vehicle fleet shall comply with the stipulations of
JT/T 1045.
B.1.2.2 Vehicles of the same brand in the passenger transport route shall be selected. The vehicle
type, power transmission system and after-treatment system shall be the same. The initial
mileage of the vehicle shall not be less than 30,000 km and the maximum initial mileage
difference shall not exceed 100,000 km.
B.1.2.3 Before and during the test, the test vehicles shall be inspected and maintained in
accordance with the period specified by the vehicle manufacturer, and the vehicles shall have
no fault alarms or fault codes. Vehicle mileage, work content and replacement parts during the
inspection and maintenance shall be recorded.
B.1.2.4 Divide the test vehicles into a group not using the fuel-saving product or technology
and a group using the fuel-saving product or technology. At the end of the test, the number of
valid test vehicles in each group shall be no less than 5.
NOTE: in order to ensure that there are no less than 5 valid test vehicles in each group at the end
of the test, the initial number of vehicles shall be appropriately increased in accordance
with the historical data of abnormal vehicle operation in the fleet.
B.1.2.5 Before the test, the correction coefficient for the odometer indication value of all test
vehicles shall be confirmed. The correction coefficient of the odometer indication value is
calculated in accordance with Formula (B.1):
Where,
---the correction coefficient of odometer, rounded (off) to 3 decimal places;
l---the actual mileage, expressed in (km);
s---the mileage indication of the odometer, expressed in (km).
B.1.3 Fuel addition
B.1.3.1 Fuel that complies with the designations specified by the vehicle manufacturer shall be
added, and gas stations with reliable supply quality and accurate computation shall be selected.
When conditions permit, gas stations and fuel dispensers can be designated.
B.1.3.2 For each refuel, the refueling time, refueling mileage, refueling volume, fuel
specification and refueling location shall be recorded. In case of special circumstances, for
example, abnormal fuel volume, it shall be recorded in time, and the fuel consumption and
mileage data corresponding to the next refueling shall be eliminated.
B.1.4 Drivers
B.1.4.1 The drivers shall have a driver’s license of driving the test model for more than 3 years
and be familiar with the passenger transport route.
B.1.4.2 The driver rotation shall be arranged in accordance with the daily operation, and the
driving time, mileage, vehicle condition and abnormal road conditions of each shift shall be
recorded.
B.2 Operation Test
B.2.1 The two groups of test vehicles shall start and end the test on the same day, and the
continuous operation shall not be less than 3 months; the effective mileage of each test vehicle
shall not be less than 30,000 km.
NOTE: conduct inspection and maintenance in accordance with the period specified by the vehicle
manufacturer, and the outage time caused by external uncontrollable factors is regarded as
continuous operation.
B.2.2 Before starting the test, the fuel tank shall be filled with fuel, and the odometer reading
shall be recorded as the initial mileage of the test.
B.2.3 The odometer reading, fuel filling volume and corresponding odometer reading,
passenger capacity and weather (clear, cloudy, rainy, snowy, foggy, windy and air temperature)
of each test vehicle shall be recorded daily.
B.2.4 From the beginning of the test and every 10,000 km 400 km, the test vehicles shall be
subject to the comparison tests of emitted pollutants and subjective evaluation of dynamic
performance. The emitted pollutants of gasoline vehicles shall comply with the requirements
of GB 18285-2018, and the emitted pollutants of diesel vehicles shall comply with the
requirements of GB 3847-2018. In the comparison test of subjective evaluation of dynamic
performance, the driver participating in the test shall conduct a comparative subjective
evaluation on the two groups of test vehicles and adopt the rating method specified in Table
Appendix C
(normative)
Test Method for Automobile Fuel-saving Additives and Fuel Compatibility
C.1 Test Principle
Prepare the fuel-saving additives and fuel oil into mixed fuel. After centrifugal operation, there
shall be no stratification, turbidity or precipitation.
C.2 Test Instruments
C.2.1 Conical flask: with a stopper, 250 mL.
C.2.2 Centrifuge tube: 50 mL, 2 PCS.
C.2.3 Oven: the temperature control range is 105 C 3 C.
C.2.4 Centrifuge: it can rotate 2 or more centrifuge tubes to generate a relative centrifugal force
of 600 g ~ 700 g.
C.2.5 Constant-temperature bath: the temperature control range is 50 C 3 C.
C.2.6 Low-temperature bath: the temperature control range is 40 C 3 C.
C.3 Test Procedures
C.3.1 Clean the conical flask and centrifuge tubes, then, use distilled water to rinse them and
dry them.
C.3.2 In accordance with the recommended dosage of the product, prepare the additives and
fuel oil into 200 mL mixed fuel in the conical flask.
C.3.3 Put on the stopper and shake the conical flask for 1 min.
C.3.4 Respectively pour 50 mL of mixed fuel into the two centrifuge tubes.
C.3.5 Put the two centrifuge tubes into the symmetrical positions of the centrifuge.
C.3.6 Turn on the centrifuge. At a relative centrifugal force of 600 g ~ 700 g, operate it for 30
min, then observe the state of the mixed fuel. The centrifuge speed shall be calculated in
accordance with Formula (C.1):
Where,
Appendix D
(normative)
Test Method for the Stability of Engine Lubricating Oil-saving Additives
D.1 Test Principle
Prepare the lubricating oil-saving additives and the lubricating oil into mixed lubricating oil.
After centrifugal operation, there shall be no stratification, turbidity or precipitation.
D.2 Instruments and Materials
D.2.1 Conical flask: with a stopper, with a capacity of 250 mL.
D.2.2 Centrifuge tube: 50 mL, 2 PCS.
D.2.3 Oven: the temperature control range is 105 C 3 C.
D.2.4 Centrifuge: it can rotate 2 or more centrifuge tubes to generate a relative centrifugal force
of 600 g ~ 700 g.
D.2.5 Constant-temperature bath: the temperature control range is 93 C 3 C.
D.2.6 Petroleum ether: analytical pure reagent, with a boiling range of 90 C 120 C.
D.3 Test Procedures
D.3.1 Clean the conical flask and centrifuge tubes, then, use distilled water to rinse them and
dry them.
D.3.2 Add 200 mL of lubricating oil and 20 mL of petroleum ether into the conical flask. The
lubricating oil additives shall be added in accordance with the recommended dosage of the
product.
D.3.3 Put on the stopper and vigorously shake for 1 min.
D.3.4 Put the conical flask in the oven and maintain the temperature constant for 8 h.
D.3.5 Take out the conical flask and cool it to room temperature.
D.3.6 After vigorously shaking the conical flask for 1 min, respectively pour 50 mL of mixed
lubricating oil into the two centrifuge tubes.
D.3.7 Put the centrifuge tubes into the constant-temperature bath and heat for 5 min.
D.3.8 Put the 2 centrifuge tubes into the symmetrical positions of the centrifuge.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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