GB/T 13422-2013 PDF in English
GB/T 13422-2013 (GB/T13422-2013, GBT 13422-2013, GBT13422-2013)
| Standard ID | Contents [version] | USD | STEP2 | [PDF] delivered in | Name of Chinese Standard | Status |
| GB/T 13422-2013 | English | 185 |
Add to Cart
|
0-9 seconds. Auto-delivery.
|
Semiconductor converters -- Electrical test methods
| Valid |
| GB/T 13422-1992 | English | RFQ |
ASK
|
6 days
|
Power semiconductor converters--Electrical test methods
| Obsolete |
Standards related to (historical): GB/T 13422-2013
PDF Preview
GB/T 13422-2013: PDF in English (GBT 13422-2013) GB/T 13422-2013
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 29.200
K 46
Replacing GB/T 13422-1992
Semiconductor converters - Electrical test methods
ISSUED ON: JULY 19, 2013
IMPLEMENTED ON: DECEMBER 02, 2013
Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative references ... 5
3 Terms and definitions ... 6
4 General requirements for test ... 8
4.1 Overview ... 8
4.2 General requirements for test ... 9
5 Test method ... 9
5.1 General electrical test... 9
5.2 DC circuit electrical test ... 17
5.3 AC circuit electrical test ... 22
Appendix A (Normative) Determination of power loss ... 31
Appendix B (Informative) Several typical test circuits ... 34
Appendix C (Informative) The ripple of the pulsating DC quantity and the
transient voltage waveform when the load suddenly increases and decreases
... 37
Semiconductor converters- Electrical test methods
1 Scope
This standard specifies general electrical test methods for semiconductor
converters.
This standard applies to various ordinary converters, including rectifiers,
inverters, converters with both rectification and inverter operation modes,
various power electronic switches. The dedicated converter can also use it as
a reference.
This standard does not apply to converters for motor vehicles and onboard
converters for aviation electrical appliances.
2 Normative references
The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For
the dated documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable
to this document; for the undated documents, only the latest version (including
all the amendments) are applicable to this standard.
GB/T 2900.33-2004 Electrotechnical terminology- Power electronics
(IEC60050-551:1998 and IEC60050-551-20:2001, IDT)
GB/T 3859.1-2013 Semiconductor converters- General requirements and
line commutated converters- Part 1-1: Specification of basic requirements
(IEC 60146-1-1:2009, MOD)
GB/T 3859.2-2013 Semiconductor converters- General requirements and
line commutated converters- Part 1-2: Application guide (IEC/TR 60146-1-
2:2011, MOD)
GB/T 3859.4-2004 Semiconductor converter- Self-commutated
semiconductor converters including direct d.c. converters (IEC 60146-
2:1999, IDT)
GB/T 17626.2-2006 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)- Testing and
measurement techniques- Electrostatic discharge immunity test (IEC 61000-
4-2:2001, IDT)
GB/T 17626.4-2008 Electromagnetic compatibility- Testing and
3.9
Inherent direct voltage regulation
DC voltage adjustment value when it is free from the influence of AC system
impedance.
[GB/T 2900.33-2004, definition 551-17-22]
3.10
Steady-state output voltage deviation
Under the specified maximum and minimum input voltage and specified
maximum load and minimum load (light load), the maximum steady-state
difference between the output voltage and the specified voltage.
3.11
Transient output voltage deviation
When the load changes (sudden increase or decrease), the difference
between the maximum instantaneous value of the output voltage and the
corresponding steady-state deviation.
3.12
Voltage recovery time
The time interval from the moment of sudden increase or sudden decrease
of change (load or power supply voltage change, the two do not occur at the
same time) to the start instant when the output voltage change reaches and
remains within the specified steady-state deviation.
4 General requirements for test
4.1 Overview
This standard gives general electrical test methods for semiconductor
converters, see Appendix B for test circuits. The division of specific electrical
test methods and test types not given in this standard shall be specified in the
product standard.
The results of all tests shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of
the product standards.
Measuring position:
- Between circuits that are not electrically connected to each other;
- Between the circuit and the case.
The insulation resistance is only used as a reference for the insulation voltage
test, not as an assessment.
5.1.2 Insulation voltage test
Under normal circumstances, follow the test in 7.2.2 of GB/T 3859.1-2013.
Converters using water cooling are generally tested without water.
When it is inconvenient to apply an AC test voltage, it may apply a DC test
voltage equal to the peak value of the specified AC test voltage.
The time for the test voltage to rise from zero to its specified value shall not be
less than 10 s, or from 50% of the specified value, each stage is, at 5% of the
specified value, gradually increased to its specified value.
During the exit-factory test, if the test voltage is enough to rise to its specified
value within 1 s, it is not necessary to increase the test voltage step by step.
5.1.3 Ground resistance measurement of accessible metal parts
It can be measured by direct measurement method.
Before measurement, the converter shall be disconnected from the power
supply and load; clean up the contamination (if any) at the specified
measurement point.
When measuring, the terminal of the meter is connected to the ground terminal
and the case, respectively (or conductive metal parts that shall be grounded).
5.1.4 Light load test
Test procedure:
- Adjust the input voltage to reach the rated value (type test shall be
performed at the maximum and minimum rated input voltage);
- Adjust the output voltage to reach the rated value (the load current can meet
the test requirements);
- Check whether the display instrument, trigger device, protection device,
cooling device and fault detection unit can work normally.
in ampere (A);
IM - In each parallel valve device, the average current carried by the device
carrying the largest current share, in ampere (A);
np - The number of parallel valve components.
5.1.7 Rated current test (low-voltage current test)
If it is more convenient, the load test under rated conditions can be used instead
of this test.
Test procedure:
- Connect the input terminal of the converter to a power supply capable of
generating a rated continuous current through a voltage regulator or a low-
voltage converter transformer; the output terminal is directly short-circuited
or short-circuited through a reactor;
- Adjust the voltage through a voltage regulator or phase control (if available)
so that the output current reaches the rated value;
- Check the operation of each part of the converter.
During the test, the control devices (if any) and auxiliary devices are powered
by an independent power supply at a rated voltage.
5.1.8 Load test
Test procedure:
- Adjust the input voltage and load current to reach the rated value;
- For converters with adjustable output, adjust the output voltage to reach the
rated value;
- Check the operation of each part of the converter.
5.1.9 Temperature rise test
The test shall be carried out as far as possible under conditions equivalent to
the specified load. The test can be performed simultaneously with the rated
current test or the load test under rated conditions.
The temperature rise shall be measured under the harshest rated cooling
conditions. If the test is carried out under the temperature lower than the
specified maximum temperature, it shall be corrected.
The ambient temperature shall be measured during the last quarter of the test
- Measure the output voltage.
5.1.13 Overload test
The test is generally combined with temperature rise test and rated current test
or load test.
Test procedure:
- Adjust the load current to reach the rated value;
- After the converter temperature reaches thermal equilibrium, increase the
load current to the specified overload value;
- After the specified time interval, reduce the load current to the rated value.
If it is carried out at the same time as the rated current test or load test,
measure the output voltage according to 5.1.12;
- After overload, confirm that the measured parameters required by the
temperature rise test, rated current test or load test are within the specified
range; meanwhile the protection action and signal display meet the
requirements.
5.1.14 Short circuit test
The test can be combined with light load test and functional test (see 7.3.1 in
GB/T 3859.1-2013), rated current test or load test.
Test procedure:
- Adjust the input voltage and load current to reach the rated value;
- For a converter with adjustable output voltage, adjust the output voltage to
reach the rated value and measure the current at the specified measuring
point;
- Close the short-circuit switch or other short-circuit device; measure the
current at the specified measuring point; check whether the fault circuit is
cut off and the protection device operates normally;
- Replace the fuse or turn on the fast switch or circuit breaker; restart the
converter. If it is carried out at the same time as the rated current test or
load test, measure the output voltage according to 5.1.12;
- Confirm that the measurement parameters required by the rated current
test or load test are within the specified range; the protection action and
signal display meet the requirements.
IN - The average value of the rated output current, in ampere (A).
5.2.5 Parallel test of rectifiers
The rectifier parallel test circuit is as shown in Figure B.4.
Test procedure (take two converters in parallel as an example):
- Adjust the input voltage of each rectifier to reach the rated value;
- For rectifiers with adjustable output voltage, adjust the output voltage to
reach the rated value;
- Connect the public load, the load current shall not be less than 90% of the
sum of the rated output current of the two converters;
- Measure the output current of each rectifier.
5.2.6 Measurement of inherent voltage adjustment value
It is determined by load test method or light load and rated current test method.
a) Load test method
It is determined in accordance with GB/T 3859.1-2013.
b) Light load and rated current test method
Measurement procedure:
- Determine the inductive voltage adjustment values dxt and dxb in
accordance with 4.7 of GB/T 3859.2-2013;
- Consider the threshold voltage of the semiconductor device; calculate the
inherent voltage adjustment value.
5.3 AC circuit electrical test
5.3.1 Determination of steady-state deviation of AC output voltage
It is determined by directly measuring the output voltage and then making
calculation.
Measurement procedure:
- Adjust the input voltage and load current to reach the rated value; measure
the output voltage Uo;
calculation. For pulse width modulation or pulse width control converters, the
method specified in the product standard can be used.
Measurement procedure:
- Adjust the input voltage and load current to reach the rated value; measure
the output voltage Uo (when the setting value is adjustable, Uo shall be
within the setting range);
- Step change the load current to the specified maximum value; measure the
output voltage and load current;
- Step change the load current to the specified minimum value; measure the
output voltage and load current;
- According to the transient voltage waveform (see Figure C.2), determine
the transient deviation +du and -du of the AC output voltage and the voltage
recovery time tr;
- Determine the transient deviation of the AC output voltage expressed as a
percentage in accordance with 5.2.3.
If the product standard specifies otherwise, measure the output voltage and
load current in accordance with the product standard.
5.3.4 Determination of AC output voltage variation range
It is determined by directly measuring the output voltage.
Measurement procedure:
- Adjust the input voltage and load current to reach the rated value;
- The output voltage regulator is placed at the maximum and minimum
positions respectively; measure the corresponding output voltage;
- Take the maximum and minimum of the output voltage as the measurement
result.
If the product standard specifies otherwise, measure the output voltage in
accordance with the product standard.
5.3.5 Determination of the frequency of AC output voltage and its steady-
state deviation
It is determined by the method of directly measuring the output voltage
frequency and then making calculation.
output voltage and frequency in accordance with the product standard.
5.3.8 Harmonic measurement
5.3.8.1 AC output voltage harmonics
It is determined by directly measuring the root mean square value of the output
harmonic components.
Measurement procedure:
- Adjust the input voltage and load current to reach the rated value; the output
voltage shall be within the specified value range. Measure the root mean
square value of the fundamental and harmonic components of the output
voltage;
- Adjust the load current to reach the specified maximum and minimum
values respectively; measure the corresponding root-mean-square value of
the fundamental and harmonic components of the output voltage under the
rated input voltage;
- Adjust the input voltage to reach the specified maximum and minimum
values respectively; measure the corresponding root-mean-square values
of the fundamental and harmonic components of the output voltage under
the rated load current.
5.3.8.2 Current harmonics injected by the converter into the grid
It is determined by directly measuring the root mean square value of the current
harmonic components at the input end of the converter. For rectifiers, it can also
be determined in accordance with 6.3.1 of GB/T 3859.1-2013 on the basis of
measuring inductive DC voltage.
Measurement procedure:
- Adjust the output voltage to reach the specified minimum value;
- Adjust the load current to reach the rated value; measure the root mean
square value of the current harmonic components.
If necessary, measure the root-mean-square value of current harmonic
components under light load.
5.3.9 Measurement of AC voltage distortion factor
5.3.9.1 AC output voltage distortion factor
Use direct measurement method to determine.
Up - The positive sequence component of the output voltage.
5.3.11 Power factor measurement
It can be determined by load test method, light load test and rated current test.
During the test, the converter is connected to an AC power supply with a
specified internal resistance.
a) Load test method
The power factor is determined by directly measuring the input parameters
and then making calculation.
Measurement procedure:
- Adjust the input voltage and load current to reach the rated value;
- For converters with adjustable output voltage, adjust the output voltage to
reach the rated value;
- Measure the input voltage UA, UB, UC, the current IA, IB, IC and the active
power Pin at the input end of the converter;
- Calculate the power factor λ according to formula (29):
Where:
Pin - The input active power of the converter, in watts (W);
IA, IB, IC - The phase current at the input of the converter, in amperes (A);
UA, UB, UC - The phase voltage at the input of the converter, in volts (V).
b) Light load and rated current test method
When the light load and rated current test method is used to determine the
power factor of the rectifier, the measured reactance or DC voltage
adjustment value UdPN and the magnetizing current of the transformer can
be calculated according to 4.6 of GB/T 3859.2-2013.
The light load power loss’s measurement can be combined with the light load
test.
If feasible, the power loss shall be measured when the converter is rectified.
The measurement procedure is as follows:
- See 5.1.4 for the light load test procedure. Connect a resistive load on the
DC side. The current flowing through the converter shall not be lower than
the transition current when the light load voltage of the converter starts to
rise;
- Measure the input power;
- Measure the power consumed by auxiliary devices and triggering device (if
any), as well as other power losses that do not depend on the load of the
converter;
- Measure the output power. For converters with a pulse number of 6 and
above, it is allowed to use a DC ammeter and a DC voltmeter to measure
the output power, but it shall be explained, so as not to be confused with
the DC power.
The light load power loss is equal to the measured input power of the converter
minus the output power.
No-load power loss is equal to the input power at no-load.
A.3 Determination of short-circuit power loss
A.3.1 Uncontrolled rectifier
It is determined in accordance with 6.2 of GB/T 3859.2-2013.
A.3.2 Controllable converter
When the user and the manufacturer reach an agreement, or when there is no
significant difference between the operating conditions of the controllable
converter and the uncontrollable rectifier in terms of short-circuit loss. The short-
circuit power loss can be determined in accordance with A.3.1.
During the test, the converter shall be short-circuited in the rectification state.
The short circuit shall include an inductor, whose value is sufficient to make the
ripple current superimposed on the DC current roughly equal to the expected
ripple current under actual load conditions. Auxiliary devices and triggering
devices are powered by independent power sources at rated voltage; the power
they consume is not included in the short-circuit power loss.
If the short-circuit power loss is measured under specified operating conditions,
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
|