GB 8408-2018 PDF English
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Large-scale amusement device safety code
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| GB 8408-2008 | English | 125 |
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[Newer GB 8408-2018] Amusement device safety code
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Safety of amusement machines and amusement park equipments [including MODIFICATION 1]
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| GB 8408-1987 | English | RFQ |
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Safety standard of amusement machines and amusement park equipments
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GB 8408-2018: Large-scale amusement device safety code---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GB8408-2018
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 97.200.40
Y 57
Replacing GB 8408-2008
Large-scale amusement device safety code
Issued on: MAY 14, 2018
Implemented on: DECEMBER 01, 2018
Issued by. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection
and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 4
1 Scope... 7
2 Normative references... 7
3 Terms and definitions... 11
4 General... 11
5 Materials and fasteners... 12
6 Design... 17
7 Manufacturing and installation... 58
8 Use management and maintenance... 73
8.1 Safety operation management system and responsibility of amusement
Annex A (informative) Catalogue of national and industry standards for
commonly used steels... 80
Annex B (normative) Requirements for mechanical properties of non-metallic
materials... 83
Annex C (normative) Requirements for the performance level of commonly
used bolts and nuts... 85
Annex D (informative) Load combination examples... 87
Annex E (informative) Limit state design method... 88
Annex F (informative) Welded joint forms... 92
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the basic safety requirements for the general rules,
materials and fasteners, design, manufacturing and installation, use
management and maintenance of large-scale amusement devices (hereinafter
referred to as amusement devices).
This Standard applies to large-scale amusement devices.
This Standard does not apply to competitive sport devices and fitness devices.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of
this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
GB/T 699 Quality carbon structure steels
GB/T 709-2006 Dimension, shape, weight and tolerances for hot-rolled steel
plates and sheets
GB/T 715 Hot-rolled round carbon steel bars for standard parts
GB/T 983 Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of stainless and
heat-resisting steels
GB/T 985.1 Recommended joint preparation for gas welding, manual metal
arc welding, gas-shield arc welding and beam welding
GB/T 985.2 Recommended joint preparation for submerged arc welding
GB/T 1173 Casting aluminium alloys
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions defined in GB/T
20306 apply.
4 General
4.1 Basic requirements
4.2 Risk assessment
5 Materials and fasteners
5.1 Commonly used steel
5.1.1 The steel used in amusement devices shall comply with the specifications
5.2 Commonly used non-ferrous metals
5.3 Non-metallic materials
5.4 Fasteners
6 Design
6.1 Basic design requirements
6.1.1 Basic requirements
6.1.1.1 The design of amusement devices shall have design instructions,
calculation instructions, use and maintenance instructions and a full set of
drawings, risk assessment reports and design verification outlines complying
with the relevant national standards. The above information shall be kept until
at least the amusement devices are scrapped.
6.1.1.2 The design of amusement devices and auxiliary devices shall be
calculated correctly and reasonably structured to ensure passenger safety.
When accurate calculation cannot be performed, it can be confirmed and
verified by tests.
6.1.1.3 Operation and use organizations or design commissioners shall provide
the local meteorological, power supply, seismic and geological data in written
form to the design and manufacturing organizations.
6.1.1.4 The selection of materials shall be based on the consideration of
structural importance, load characteristics, structural forms, stress conditions,
manufacturing processes, connection methods and work environment.
6.1.1.5 The mechanical properties, heat treatment performance and welding
performance of metal materials used for important mechanical parts shall meet
the requirements of working conditions.
6.1.1.6 Amusement devices shall specify the design service life of the complete
machine and its main components. The calculated design life of the complete
machine shall be not less than 35000 hours, including the getting on/off time.
6.1.1.7 The use and maintenance instructions shall be in simplified Chinese.
For multilingual versions, the simplified Chinese version shall prevail. At least
the following contents shall be included.
a) Device overview and structure introduction;
b) Technical performance and parameters, operating conditions;
c) Operational procedures and precautions;
d) Notice to passengers;
e) Maintenance instructions;
f) Common faults and remedies;
g) Design service life of the complete machine and main components;
h) Requirements for management, operation, maintenance, service
personnel;
i) List of vulnerable parts, scrapping requirements and recommended
replacement cycle;
j) Passenger grooming measures and methods in abnormal conditions;
k) Safety requirements such as number of passengers, height requirements,
age range, physical limitations, and whether children need to be under
adult supervision;
l) Items and inspection requirements for daily inspections, weekly
inspections, monthly inspections (including seasonal inspections and
semi-annual inspections) and annual inspections (including multi-year
inspections), and corresponding inspections, testing (including non-
destructive testing) and test methods, and the proportion of inspections
and testing, etc.;
m) For travelling amusement devices, there shall be installation and
commissioning methods, site requirements, etc.;
n) General assembly drawings, electrical schematic diagrams, hydraulic and
pneumatic schematic diagrams, schematic diagrams of the mechanical
components used to guide the maintenance inspection, and schematic
diagrams of important welds and pins that require non-destructive testing
of amusement devices;
o) Manufacturer's name and detailed address, service or supervisory phone
number, email address, website address, etc.
6.1.2 Amusement device loading
6.1.2.1 Permanent load
The load of which the load point, size and direction does not change with time,
such as the structural weight of the amusement device, expressed in Gk.
6.1.2.2 Live load
The load of the passengers themselves, expressed in Q1, specified as follows.
a) When carrying 1 ~ 2 adults, it is calculated as not less than 750 N/person;
when carrying more than 2 adults, it is calculated as not less than 700
N/person.
b) Children (not more than 1.2 m in height or under 10 years of age) shall be
calculated as not less than 400 N/person.
NOTE. When calculating the number of passengers based on members, it shall calculate
according to the number of passengers designed to be carried. For example, for flying chair’s
single seat system, it is calculated as no less than 750 N/person. for overall pylons, it is
calculated as not less than 700N/person.
6.1.2.3 Supporting and constraint reaction of passengers
When designing cabins, the force exerted by the passenger on the armrest,
support, ankle and lining, etc. shall be taken into consideration when the vehicle
is in normal operation and during start-up, braking and emergency situations.
These forces shall not be less than 500 N/adult, and shall not be less than 300
N/person for amusement devices for children, expressed in Q2.
6.1.2.4 Value, Q3, of uniformly distributed live loads in human activity area
The value of live loads uniformly distributed in human activity areas such as
platforms, stairs, entrances and exits of amusement devices is as follows.
6.1.2.6 Driving force and braking force
The force driving the carries to move and the force forcing the carries to stop
moving (or to slow down), expressed in Q5.
6.1.2.7 Friction force
The force produced by friction on the contact surface between relatively moving
objects, expressed in Q6.
6.1.2.8 Inertial force
The force produced by the variations (value and direction) in the movement
speed and shall be calculated according to the full load state, expressed in Q7.
where.
6.1.2.9 Collision force
The force produced due to collision in the course of movement. Generally, it
only checks parts that have been directly involved in the collision, assuming
that it occurs in the most unfavorable position, and in any case the collision
force shall not be less than 0.3 mg. It shall be calculated as full load and
expressed in Q8.
6.1.2.10 Wind load
The wind load is divided into normal working condition load and limit working
condition load. In the design of amusement devices, the wind load under normal
working conditions shall be calculated at a maximum operating wind speed of
15m/s. For indoor amusement devices, the wind load may not be calculated. In
the static state (limit working condition), it shall be able to withstand wind loads
provided by local meteorological data. The wind load is expressed in Q9.The
value of wind load and its calculation method shall be in accordance with the
specifications in GB 50009.
6.1.3 Analysis of working conditions
6.1.3.1 The working conditions of amusement devices include normal operation
working conditions, abnormal operation working conditions and limit state
working conditions.
NOTE. For normal operation working conditions, reference may be made to different situations,
such as no load, partial load and full load, under the designed use conditions of amusement
devices. For abnormal operation working conditions, reference may be made to different
situations such as emergency stop, emergency rescue and maintenance of amusement
devices. For limit state working conditions, reference may be made to different situations of
amusement devices under local limit conditions such as limit wind speed and earthquake.
6.1.3.2 Kinematics and dynamics analysis shall be performed on amusement
devices to obtain data such as operating speed, acceleration, force and
operating posture.
6.1.3.3 The working condition analysis shall consider at least the following
situations.
a) Different stages of device operation, such as getting on/off of passengers,
normal operation, braking status, maintenance, etc.;
b) Different distribution of loads, such as full load, partial load, etc.;
c) Different postures of the device;
d) Possible abnormal operation and limit state working conditions.
6.1.4 Load combination
6.1.4.1 Based on different devices and working condition analysis, combine the
permanent loads and other loads bear by the structure of amusement devices
into one calculation load, carry out analysis and calculation separately. Refer
to Annex D for details.
6.1.4.2 Load combination shall be carried out according to specific conditions
such as abnormal operation working conditions and limit state working
conditions, and the structure shall not be damaged or permanently deformed.
6.2 Design calculation
6.2.1 Basic requirements
The design calculation of amusement devices includes. static strength
calculation, rigidity calculation, fatigue strength calculation, stability calculation,
anti-overturning calculation, anti-sideslip calculation, etc., which shall be
selected according to the specific structure and working conditions. The
calculation of the static strength of structures using Q345 steel, No. 20 steel,
No. 45 steel, 40Cr and Q390 steels may be performed with reference to the
limit state design method specified in Annex E.
6.2.2 Stress calculation
Parts and welds shall be subjected to stress calculation. The ratio of the
ultimate stress of the material to the maximum stress it is subjected to is the
safety factor. The calculated safety factor n shall meet the requirements of
6.2.3 Fatigue strength calculation
6.2.3.1 The fatigue calculation of steel structural members and their
connections shall comply with the specifications about the fatigue strength
calculation in GB 50017.
6.2.3.2 For Grade I and II welds of amusement devices, fatigue strength check
shall be carried out. The fatigue strength calculation may be exempted for the
portion where the tensile stress does not occur in the stress cycle.
6.2.3.3 The allowable fatigue strength safety factors of shafts shall meet the
requirements of Table 2.
Table 2 -- Allowable fatigue strength safety factors of shafts
6.2.3.4 When the maximum calculated stress of the cyclic load is less than the
fatigue limit of the material, the part has infinite life; when the maximum
calculated stress of the cyclic load is greater than the fatigue limit of the material,
the fatigue load spectrum is used to calculate the service life of the part.
6.2.3.5 For parts that cannot be designed as a detachable structure, the design
service life cannot be lower than the design service life of the complete machine.
6.2.4 Rigidity calculation
Some parts that have deformation requirements for amusement devices shall
be calculated for rigidity.
6.2.5 Stability calculation
In order to prevent structural instability, overall and local stability calculations
are required for slender, thin-walled structural parts. The calculation of the
stability of slender members shall comply with the relevant specifications of GB
50017; the calculation of the stability of plates and housing shall meet the
requirements of 5.7 in GB/T 3811-2008.
6.2.6 Anti-overturning calculation
This calculation shall be performed when there is a possibility of an overall
overturning during the operation of the amusement devices.
where.
6.2.7 Anti-sideslip calculation
This calculation shall be performed when there is a possibility of an overall
sideslip during the operation of the amusement devices.
6.3 Speed and acceleration
6.3.1 Speed allowable values
6.3.1.1 For amusement devices of which passengers are getting on/off while
running, the relative running speed shall be not more than 0.3 m/s.
6.3.1.2 For amusement devices such as fairy train type, see Table 4 for speed
allowable values.
6.3.2 Acceleration allowable values
6.3.2.1 Basic requirements
In order to prevent passengers from being harmed, the acceleration of
passengers of amusement devices shall be limited to a certain range. Figure 2
shows the human space coordinate system. The allowable acceleration values
are shown in Figures 3 to 6 (represented by the ratio of actual acceleration to
gravitational acceleration g).
6.3.2.2 Measurement position
The reference point for calculating or measuring the acceleration shall generally
be 600 mm above the seat (or approximate adult's heart position). Acceleration
with a duration less than or equal to 0.2 s is the impact acceleration, and
acceleration with a duration greater than 0.2 s is the steady-state acceleration.
6.3.2.3 Acceleration in x direction
The maximum acceleration in the +x direction shall not exceed 6 g, and the
maximum acceleration in the -x direction shall not exceed 3.5 g.
6.3.2.4 Acceleration in y direction
The lateral (y direction) acceleration shall comply with the specifications of
Figure 3.
6.3.2.5 Acceleration in z direction
The vertical acceleration shall comply with the specifications of Figure 4.For
example, the allowable acceleration limits for 0.3 s are az = -1.7 g and az = +6.0
g. When there is an impact load, the above values shall be reduced by 10 %.
6.3.2.6 Combination of accelerations
When the lateral acceleration ay and the vertical acceleration az exist at the
same time, the ratios ay/[ay] and az/[az] of Figure 5 shall also be satisfied. Where
ay and az are lateral and vertical actual acceleration values; [ay] and [az] are
lateral and vertical allowable acceleration values.
ay and az are the maximum acceleration values that are taken in 0.3 s, that is,
the maximum values that occur within a time difference of 0.3 s, which need to
be combined.
6.4 Welding design
6.4.1 Design principles of welded joints
6.4.1.1 The weld metal shall be compatible with the main metal. When steels
of different strengths are connected, the welding materials compatible with low-
strength steels shall be used.
6.4.1.2 The groove and dimension of welded joints shall comply with the
specifications of GB/T 985.1 and GB/T 985.2.
6.4.1.3 Welding of weldments of different thicknesses or different widths. when
the difference between one side of the two weldments is more than 4 mm, the
bevel with a slope of not more than 1.4 shall be made from one side or two
sides in the width or thickness direction, respectively, see Figure 7.
6.4.1.4 Under the premise of meeting the design, the number of welds and the
stress concentration area should be reduced. Welds should avoid dense, cross-
welded, two-way, three-way intersections, avoid high working stress portions in
structures, machined surfaces, etc.
6.4.1.5 There should be enough space around the weld to facilitate the welding
operation and post-welding testing.
6.4.2 Forms of welded joints
See Annex F for forms of welded joints.
6.4.3 Grading of welds
6.4.3.1 Grading principle
6.4.3.1.1 Welds shall be graded after risk assessment. In the risk assessment,
factors such as the possibility of weld failure, the severity of failure
consequences, and the testability of welds shall be considered.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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