GB 50222-2017 PDF English (GB 50222-1995: Older version)
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Code for fire prevention in design of interior decoration of buildings
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GB 50222-2017: PDF in English GB 50022-2017
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
UDC
P GB 50022-2017
Code for fire prevention in design of
interior decoration of buildings
ISSUED ON. JULY 31, 2017
IMPLEMENTED ON. APRIL 01, 2018
Issued by. Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of PRC;
General Administration of Quality Supervision Inspection and
Quarantine of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 5
1 General provisions ... 7
2 Terms ... 8
3 Types and classification decoration materials ... 9
4 Typical places ... 10
5 Civil buildings ... 13
5.1 Single-storey and multi-storey civil buildings ... 13
5.2 High-rise civil buildings ... 15
5.3 Underground civil buildings ... 17
6 Factory buildings and warehouses ... 19
Explanation of wording in this standard ... 21
List of quoted standards ... 22
Code for fire prevention in design of
interior decoration of buildings
1 General provisions
1.0.1 This Code is formulated to standardize the design of interior decoration of
buildings, reduce fire hazards, and protect personal and property safety.
1.0.2 This Code is applicable to the design of fire prevention in interior
decoration of industrial and civil buildings. It is not applicable to the design of
fire prevention in interior decoration of ancient buildings and wooden structures.
1.0.3 The design of interior decoration for the building shall actively adopt non-
combustible materials and flame-retardant materials, avoid the use of materials
that generate a large amount of smoke or poisonous gases during combustion,
so that it is safe and applicable, advanced in technology and economical.
1.0.4 The design in fire prevention of interior decoration of the building shall
comply with the provisions of the relevant current national standards in addition
to the provisions of this Code.
2 Terms
2.0.1
Interior decoration of buildings
Such activities as decoration, protection, installation of fixed facility which
are performed for the interior space of building for the purposes to meet the
functional needs.
2.0.2
Decorative fabric
Textiles made of natural fibers such as cotton, hemp, silk, wool, and other
synthetic fibers, such as curtain and purdah, to meet the internal functional
needs of the building.
2.0.3
Partition
A fixed vertical vertical partition, which does not reach to the roof, inside the
building.
2.0.4
Fixed furniture
Furniture that is fixed to the building structure or that is not easy to change
position, such as the closet, wall cabinets, display stands, large shelves and
so on inside the building.
storage room, ventilation and air-conditioning machine room, etc., all
interior decoration shall use the grade A decoration materials.
4.0.10 For the fire control room and other important rooms, the ceiling and
wall shall use the grade A decoration materials, the floor and other parts
shall use the decoration materials which are not lower than grade B1.
4.0.11 For the kitchen in the building, the ceiling, wall, floor shall use the
grade A decoration materials.
4.0.12 For the restaurant and scientific research laboratories that often
use open flame appliances, the combustion performance grade of the
decoration materials shall be increased by one grade, based on the
provisions in Table 5.1.1, Table 5.2.1, Table 5.3.1, Table 6.0.1, Table 6.0.5.
4.0.13 For the warehouse or storage room in the civil building, all the
interior decoration shall comply with the provisions for the corresponding
locations, the decoration materials shall be not lower than grade B1.
4.0.14 The decoration design of the exhibition places shall comply with
the following provisions.
1 The exhibition stand’s materials shall use the decoration materials
not lower than grade B1.
2 In the catering operation area where electric heating equipment is
installed in the exhibition hall, the wall surface and the operation
bench adjacent to the electric heating equipment shall use the grade
A decoration materials.
3 The position of the exhibition stand which is adjacent to the high-
temperature lighting fixtures such as the tungsten halogen lamp
shall use the grade A decoration materials.
4.0.15 The design of decoration of residential building shall also meet the
following requirements.
1 It shall not alter the internal flue or air duct in the residential building.
2 The fixed cabinets in the kitchen should be made of decoration materials
not lower than grade B1.
3 The bathroom’s ceiling should use the grade A decoration materials.
4 The balcony’s decoration should use the decoration materials of not lower
than grade B1.
4.0.16 For the lighting fixtures as well as the high-temperature parts of the
5 Civil buildings
5.1 Single-storey and multi-storey civil buildings
5.1.1 The combustion performance grade of the decoration materials in
various parts of single-storey and multi-storey civil buildings shall not be
lower than the provisions of Table 5.1.1 of this Code.
Table 5.1.1 -- Combustion performance grades of decoration materials at
various parts inside the single-storey, multi-storey civil buildings
No. Buildings and places Scale and nature of building
Combustion performance grade of decoration
materials
Ceili
ng Wall Floor
Parti
tion
Fixe
furnit
ure
Decorative
fabric
Other
decorati
on
material
Curt
ain
Purd
ah
Departure lounge, VIP lounge,
ticket office, shops, dining
venues, etc. of terminal
- A A B1 B1 B1 B1 - B1
Waiting room, store, dining
place, etc. of bus station, railway
station, ship passenger terminal
Building area > 10000
m2 A A B1 B1 B1 B1 - B2
Building area ≤ 10000
m2 A B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 - B2
Auditorium, conference hall,
multi-purpose hall, waiting hall,
etc.
Building area of each
hall > 400 m2 A A B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1
Building area of each
hall ≤ 400 m2 A B1 B1 B1 B2 B1 B1 B2
4 Gymnasium
> 3000 seats A A B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B2
≤ 3000 seats A B1 B1 B1 B2 B2 B1 B2
5 Business hall of store
Building area per floor >
1500 m2, or total building
area > 3000 m2
A B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 - B2
Building area per floor ≤
1500 m2, or total building
area ≤ 3000 m2
A B1 B1 B1 B2 B1 - -
which has an area of less than 100 m2 inside the single-storey, multi-storey civil
buildings, when it is separated from other parts by the fireproof partition wall
and grade A fire door & window which have a fire endurance not less than 2.00
h, the combustion performance grade of the decoration materials may be
reduced by one grade based on the provisions of Table 5.1.1 of this Code.
5.1.3 Except for the places as specified in clause 4 of this Code and the
locations as specified in No.11 ~ 13 of Table 5.1.1 of this Code, when an
automatic fire-extinguishing system is installed in a space of the single-storey
and multi-storey civil buildings where internal decoration is needed, except for
the ceiling, the combustion performance grade of the decoration materials may
be reduced by one grade based on the provisions of Table 5.1.1 of this Code;
when the automatic fire alarm device and the automatic fire-extinguishing
system are installed at the same time, the combustion performance grade of
the decoration materials may be reduced by one grade based on the provisions
of Table 5.1.1 of this Code.
5.2 High-rise civil buildings
5.2.1 The combustion performance grade of the decoration materials of
various parts inside the high-rise civil building shall not be lower than the
provisions of Table 5.2.1 of this Code.
Table 5.2.1 -- Combustion performance grades of various parts inside
the high-rise civil building
No
. Buildings and places
Scale and nature
of building
Combustion performance grade of decoration materials
Ceili
ng Wall Floor
Parti
tion
Fixe
furnit
ure
Decorative fabric Other
decor
ation
materi
al
Curt
ain
Purd
ah
beds
prea
Furn
iture
wrap
per
Departure lounge, VIP
lounge, ticket office,
shops, dining venues, etc.
of terminal
- A A B1 B1 B1 B1 - - - B1
Waiting room, store, dining
place, etc. of bus station,
railway station, ship
passenger terminal
Building area >
10000 m2 A A B1 B1 B1 B1 - - - B2
Building area ≤
10000 m2 A B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 - - - B2
Auditorium, conference
hall, multi-purpose hall,
waiting hall, etc.
Building area of
each hall > 400 m2 A A B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 - B1 B1
Building area of
each hall ≤ 400 m2 A B1 B1 B1 B2 B1 B1 - B1 B1
1 General provisions
1.0.1 This clause specifies the purpose and basis for the development of this
Code. This Code is formulated to ensure the fire safety of the interior decoration
of the building and to prevent and reduce the hazards of building fires. It
requires the personnel of the design, construction and fire supervision
departments to closely cooperate with each other. In the decoration design,
carefully and rationally use various decoration materials, actively adopt
advanced fire prevention technology to achieve “preventing problems before
they occur”, to prevent the occurrence and spreading of fire hazard from the
positive aspects. This is extremely important for reducing fire damage, ensuring
the safety of personnel lives and property, guaranteeing the smooth progress
of economic construction.
This Code is compiled in accordance with the relevant provisions of the current
national standards “Code of design on building fire protection and prevention”
GB 50016, “Code for fire protection design of civil air defence works” GB 50098,
etc., through investigation and summary of the actual conditions of the medium
and high rank restaurants, hotels, theaters, gymnasiums, comprehensive
buildings, etc. which are newly built in recent years, combining with the
characteristics and requirements of the design of interior decoration of the
building, with reference to the relevant codes for design of fire prevention of
buildings of some advanced countries on the fire prevention of interior
decoration, combining with the national conditions.
1.0.2 This clause specifies the scope of application and the scope of non-
application of this Code.
This Code applies to the design of interior decoration of industrial and civil
buildings.
With the improvement of people’s living standards, interior decoration has
developed rapidly, with a large number of residential buildings and a very
different level of decoration. The decoration of some of the residential buildings
is designed and constructed in a unified manner by the building organization.
In order to protect the safety of residents, the interior decoration which is
designed and constructed in a unified manner by the building organization shall
implement this Code.
1.0.3 According to the “Fire case analysis” which is edited and published by the
China Fire Protection Association, many fires are caused by the burning of
decoration materials. Some of them are caused by ignition of bedclothes by
cigarette ends; some are caused by the ignition of curtains and purdah; others
are due to the burning-through of the wooden suspended ceiling and partitions
after catching fire. Therefore, it is required to correctly handle the contradiction
between the decoration effect and the safety of use, actively use non-
combustible materials and flame-retardant materials. For combustible or easily-
combustible materials which cannot reach to the flame-retardant materials, it
may use the method of flame-retardant treatment to improve the combustion
performance grade. The selection of the above materials may make reference
to such codes as the current national standard “Requirements and mark on
burning behavior of fire retarding products and subassemblies in public place”
GB 20286.
The non-combustible materials and flame-retardant materials referred to in this
clause correspond to the materials of relevant grades in the current national
standard “Classification for burning behavior of building materials and products”
GB 8624.
In recent years, the number of people killed in smoke and poisonous gas from
building fires has increased rapidly. For example, in the United Kingdom, the
number of people who died of tobacco suffocation in 1956 accounted for 20%
of the total number of fire deaths. In 1966, it increased to 40%. In 1976, it
reached as high as 50%. In Japan, the Sennichi department store fire killed 118
people, including 93 peoples killed by smoke, which accounted for 78.8% of the
death toll; in April 1986, in a fire in a residential building in Tianjin, 4 households
13 people were killed. In fact, the fire did not burn to their homes, even a full-
filled LPG cylinder placed 2 m away from one of the doors was still safe
afterwards. It is not the fire that robs these 13 lives, but the smoke and
poisonous gas. In 2000, a large fire broke out in a shopping mall in Luoyang
City, Henan Province, 309 peoples died because of poisonous gas asphyxia. In
2015, a cable well in a residential area in Wuhan caught fire, the 7 people who
died were suffocated on the way to escape.
People gradually realized the dangers of smoke and poisonous gases in fires.
Relevant departments have conducted some simulation tests and studies. The
interior decoration materials that generate smoke and poisonous gases in fires
are mainly organic polymer materials and wood. Common toxic and harmful
gases include carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen
sulfide, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen cyanide, phosgene, and the like. Due to
the wide variety of interior decoration materials, the amount of smoke and
poisonous gases generated during combustion varies. There are certain
difficulties in quantitative control of smoke density, visibility and toxicity.
However, with the further development of all aspects of work of society, this
problem will be solved very well. In order to arouse the attention of designers
and fire supervision departments on smoke and poisonous gases, in this clause,
it proposes the basic principle of “avoid using” the interior decoration materials
that generate large amounts of smoke or poisonous gases.
1.0.4 The design of interior decoration of the building is a part of the
architectural design work. All types of buildings shall first meet the fire protection
4 Typical places
4.0.1 On the basis of the original code, according to the principles from
important to minor, the clauses are reorganized.
The fire-fighting facilities inside the building are designed and installed
according to the requirements of the current relevant codes. The maintenance
management shall be strengthened in order to ensure its quickness, safety,
reliability during operation once needed. However, in order to pursue the effect
of decoration, some units arbitrarily reduce the width and number of safe exits,
evacuation exits and evacuation walkways, arbitrarily change the location of
fire-fighting facilities, arbitrarily increase the partition walls, which affect the
range of effective protection of fire-fighting facilities. In order to ensure the use
function of fire-fighting facilities and evacuation signs, this clause is compulsory.
For the design of fire prevention of building which is necessary to change, in
addition to the implementation of the provisions of relevant standards, it shall
also follow the laws and regulations, as well as the prescribed procedures.
4.0.2 Fire hydrant box’s door installed inside the building are generally located
in a more conspicuous position, the color is also conspicuous. Through a survey
of a large number of renovation projects, it was found that in order to highlight
the decoration effects, in such places as the public regions of many high-rank
hotels, office buildings and so on, the fire hydrant box’s door is covered in the
wooden cabinet; some other organizations decorate the fire hydrant box’s door
almost the same as the wall surface, only the red Chinese character marking is
set on its surface; meanwhile, based on different decoration styles, the font,
size and position are different accordingly, which cannot be viewed if not near.
These practices have created obstacles to the timely access of fire hydrants
and are not conducive to standardized management. In order to give full play
to the role of fire hydrants in fire-fighting, the provisions of this clause are
amended and listed as compulsory provisions.
4.0.3 This clause is compulsory. When designing the decoration of building, it
is necessary to ensure that the evacuation sign and the safety exit are easily
identifiable, so as to avoid doubts and misunderstandings of the personnel in
an emergency situation. Therefore, it shall not use mirrors, glass and other
reflective materials for decoration in the vicinity of the evacuation walkway and
the safety exit. At the same time, considering that the ordinary specular
reflective material is easy to burst under the action of high-temperature flue gas,
whilst the hot flue gas is generally suspended in the building, so such materials
are also restricted for the ceiling.
4.0.4 This clause is compulsory. The horizontal evacuation walkways and the
safety exit foyer at each floor of the building are the main passages for the
escape of personnel in the fire, thus it specifies the combustion performance of
cleaning. The most commonly used materials are ceramic tiles, stone materials
and paints. The requirements of this clause can be achieved.
4.0.12 This clause is compulsory. With the development of China’s tourism
industry, many high-rank hotels and restaurants have been built. Some
restaurants provide a variety of hot pots, some special-flavor restaurants use a
mobile dining car with a gas stove. The hotels and restaurants have large
population flow, so it is difficult to manage them, the use of open fire increases
the hazard of fire. Therefore, it requires one grade higher for the indoor
decoration materials as compared with that of similar buildings.
4.0.13 This clause is compulsory. Civil buildings such as hotels, shopping malls,
office buildings, etc. all have warehouses or storage rooms, which store all
kinds of combustible materials. Because there is no special person to take care
of, there is a greater risk of fire, so this clause makes compulsory requirements
for the fire protection grade of the decoration materials.
4.0.14 This clause is a new addition to the exhibition venue. In recent years,
the exhibition economy has developed rapidly, the exhibition venues are
temporary, versatile, and have other unique features. Therefore, its fire
protection of decoration is specially listed into a compulsory clause.
1 The layout design of the exhibition area, including erection, scenery, etc.,
uses a large number of decoration materials. In order to reduce the fire
load, it makes requirements for the exhibition stand which is used for
exhibition.
2 The catering operation area with electric heating equipment in the
exhibition hall may not be fire-separated from the exhibition hall. The wall
surface and the operation bench’s surface close to the electric heating
equipment shall be made of grade A materials, in order to prevent causing
fire and to prevent the spread of fire.
3 The exhibition hall is characterized by intensive personnel, more
combustible materials, large power consumption, and high electrical fire
risk. Once the fire is triggered, it will cause great losses. In order to prevent
sparks, arcs or high-temperature generated by high-temperature lighting
fixtures such as tungsten halogen lamps from igniting the surrounding
combustibles, it is specified that materials adjacent to them shall be grade
A materials.
4.0.15 Residential buildings are an important category of civil buildings. This
Code adds a provision for fire protection of its decoration.
1 Indoor decoration is the focus of residential decoration, it is also a place to
highlight individuality. The flue and air ducts in the residential building are
important functional facilities and are related to the fire safety of the entire
according to the scale. The limit for the decoration materials for the gymnasium
is all places in the gym.
The main part of the store is the business hall. In this Code, it refers only to the
trading area where the goods are concentrated, the personnel are concentrated,
and the mobility of the personnel is large. There are countless stores in the
country, the division of the two categories of stores refers to the current national
standard “Code of design on building fire protection and prevention” GB 50016.
The store here refers to stores other than the those in the terminal building, bus
station, railway station, ship passenger terminal.
In 1990, a department store in Shanghai caught fire. The building area of the
mall was 14000 m2. The electrical fires ignited a large number of commodities
and the losses amounted to several million yuan. In 2004, a large fire broke out
in the Zhongbai Commercial Building in Jilin City, which killed 53 people. The
ceiling is an important part, so it is required to use the grade A materials.
The number of multi-storey restaurants and hotels in China is large and the
situation is more complicated. It is divided into two categories here. The
centralized air conditioning system provided with the air-return duct (tube) has
high requirements for general decoration, meanwhile it has a high risk. There
are many locations for hotel, here it mainly refers to two locations, namely guest
rooms and public places.
Most of the users of living and activity places of nursing homes, nurseries,
kindergartens are lack of independent evacuation capability; hospital wards,
clinics, and operating areas of hospitals are generally occupied by patients and
elderly people, who are also poor in evacuation capability. Therefore, it is
necessary to improve the combustion performance grade of decoration
materials. Considering that the high-rank decoration in these places is rare,
generally the ceiling, wall, floor can reach to the requirements of codes.
Therefore, special emphasis is placed on improving the combustion
performance grade of fabrics such as curtains. There are high requirements for
fabrics such as curtains, which is the focus of such categories of buildings.
In the rooms of various categories of buildings which are used to store books,
data, cultural relics, the books, data, cultural relics themselves are combustible.
In the event of a fire, the fire develops rapidly. Some books, data, archives and
cultural relics have high preservation value. Once they are burned, they cannot
be recovered and the losses are even greater.
In recent years, there have been repeated fire accidents in dozens of deaths or
hundreds of deaths in song and dance entertainment venues. One of the
important reasons is that such places use a large amount of combustible
decoration materials. In the event of fire, these materials produce a lot of
poisonous fumes, resulting in death by suffocation in a short period of time.
protection grade of its interior decoration materials is compulsory, so as to
regulate the use of materials for high-rise civil buildings, to reduce fires.
The auditoriums, conference halls, etc. contained in the high-rise civil buildings
are divided into two categories according to the building area of each hall.
The hotels and restaurants shall be divided into two categories according to the
current national standard “Code of design on building fire protection and
prevention” GB 50016.
When the catering place is located in a high-rise building, the risk of causing
fire by itself is high. The wind speed on the high-rise building is large, the
evacuation and fire-extinguishing are difficult, so it has higher requirements for
the combustion performance grade of its decoration materials.
Telecommunications, finance and trade, finance and other buildings are the key
political and economic sectors of the state and local governments, which are
divided into one category based on their important characteristics.
5.2.2 The use function of the high-rise building’s podium is relatively
complicated, so the interior decoration which is taken as the same level as the
whole high-rise building has certain difficulty in actual operation. This clause is
specified in consideration of the presence of fire separation between the
podium and the main building as well as the limited number of floors of podiums.
5.2.3 The high-rise buildings of a height above 100 m as well as the conference
halls and auditoriums of more than 400 m2 in high-rise buildings belong to
special scope. The auditorium is not only crowded, but also has poor lighting
conditions. In case of fire, the casualties will be more serious, the psychological
impact on people will exceed the material factor. Therefore, it shall not reduce
the combustion performance grade of the interior decoration materials under
any conditions.
5.2.4 Special towering buildings such as TV towers are increasingly taller and
allow the public to watch and eat in the sky. Due to the limited form of building,
evacuation of personnel in dangerous situations is very difficult, so it makes
very strict requirements for such category of buildings. There are some
decorative fabrics of different degrees in the TV towers currently in use. It is
obviously impossible to require them all to reach the grade A, but it shall not be
lower than the grade B1; the other decoration materials shall reach the grade A.
5.3 Underground civil buildings
5.3.1 This clause is a compulsory provision. This clause, combining with the
characteristics of underground civil buildings, based on the category, place, and
decoration location of buildings, respectively specifies the combustion
6 Factory buildings and warehouses
6.0.1 This clause is compulsory. When classifying industrial plants, it mainly
makes reference to the provisions of the current standard “Code of design on
building fire protection and prevention” GB 50016. According to the fire hazard
of production, the factory buildings are divided into five categories. A, B, C, D,
E.
According to the relevant requirements of the current national standard GB
50016 “Code of design on building fire protection and prevention”, when one of
the following conditions is met, it may respectively determine the interior
decoration materials according to different working stages.
(1) Effective fire separation measures are adopted between different working
stages to ensure that the fire is insufficient spread to adjacent locations in
the event of a fire accident, meanwhile there is an independent safety exit
in each working stage or two or more exits which lead directly to the public
evacuation walkways at each working stage;
(2) Workshops that meet the relevant provisions of current national standard
“Code of design on building fire protection and prevention” GB 50016,
whose production fire hazard can be determined according to the location
of minor fire hazard.
Industrial building decoration is generally not very demanding for appearance,
but modern industrial plants, especially some labor-intensive production and
processing plants, such as the light industries as garments, shoes, toys and
electronic products assembly, shall consider the worker's labor comfort at
different degrees. Meanwhile, the production materials themselves in some
factory buildings are easily-combustible or combustible, so during decoration, it
shall minimize or avoid the use of easily-combustible or combustible materials.
The selection of the decoration materials shall compulsorily comply with the
requirements of Table 6.0.1 of this Code.
The labor-intensive production workshops in this clause mainly refer to the
labor-intensive enterprises of garments, shoes and hats, toys, wood products,
furniture, plastics, food processing and textiles, printing & dyeing, printing,
where the total number of workers of the production workshop exceeds 1000
or the number of staff at the same working period exceeds 200.
The grade C production workshops or factory buildings which have a higher fire
load refer to workshops where there is a large amount of combustible materials
such as cigarettes, wood processing, foam plastics, cotton spinning, hemp
spinning, etc. For example, in the cigarette making workshop, there are many
combustible materials, the product’s value is high, generally there is no
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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