GB 40165-2021 PDF English
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GB 40165-2021: Lithium ion cells and batteries used in stationary electronic equipment - Safety technical specification
---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GB40165-2021
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 29.220.99
K 82
Lithium Ion Cells and Batteries Used in Stationary
Electronic Equipment - Safety Technical Specification
Issued on. APRIL 30, 2021
Implemented on. MAY 1, 2022
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 4
Introduction... 5
1 Scope... 7
2 Normative References... 7
3 Terms and Definitions... 8
4 Test Conditions... 14
4.1 Applicability of Tests... 14
4.2 Environmental Conditions of Tests... 14
4.3 Parameter Measurement Tolerances... 14
4.4 Method of Temperature Measurement... 15
4.5 Charging and Discharging Procedures for Tests... 15
4.6 Type Test... 15
5 General Safety Requirements... 18
5.1 General Safety Considerations... 18
5.2 Safe Working Parameters... 18
5.3 Markings and Warning Instructions... 18
5.4 Key Safety Components... 20
6 Cell Electrical Safety... 21
6.1 High-temperature External Short-circuit... 21
6.2 Overcharge... 21
6.3 Forced Discharge... 22
7 Cell Environmental Safety... 23
7.1 Low Air Pressure... 23
7.2 Temperature Cycle... 23
7.3 Vibration... 24
7.4 Acceleration Shock... 24
7.5 Drop... 25
7.6 Heavy Impact / Extrusion... 27
7.7 Thermal Abuse... 29
8 Battery Pack Environmental Safety... 29
8.1 Temperature Cycle... 29
8.2 Vibration... 29
8.3 Acceleration Shock... 30
8.4 Drop... 31
9 Functional Safety of Battery System... 31
9.1 Requirements for Battery Management Unit / Battery Management System. 31
9.2 Requirements for Test Sample... 31
9.3 Overvoltage Charge Control... 31
9.4 Overcurrent Charge Control... 33
9.5 Undervoltage Discharge Control... 33
9.6 Overload Control... 33
9.7 Short-circuit Control... 34
9.8 Reverse Charge... 34
9.9 Overheating Control... 34
9.10 Electrostatic Discharge... 35
10 System Safety... 35
Appendix A (normative) Sequence of Tests... 36
Bibliography... 37
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the safety requirements and test methods for lithium ion cells
and battery packs used in stationary electronic equipment.
This Standard is applicable to lithium ion cells and battery packs used in stationary
electronic equipment (hereinafter referred to as cells and battery packs). The stationary
electronic equipment includes.
a) Stationary information technology equipment (IT equipment);
b) Stationary audio and video equipment (AV equipment) and similar equipment;
c) Stationary communication technology equipment (CT equipment);
d) Stationary measurement control and laboratory electronic equipment and
similar equipment.
NOTE. the stationary electronic equipment listed above does not include all equipment,
and hence, equipment not listed may also be included in the scope of this Standard.
This Standard is also applicable to uninterruptible power supply (UPS) and emergency
power supply (EPS) that use lithium ion cells and battery packs.
2 Normative References
The following documents are indispensable to the application of this document. In
terms of references with a specified date, only versions with a specified date are
applicable to this document. In terms of references without a specified date, the latest
version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 2423.5 Environmental Testing - Part 2.Test Methods - Test Ea and Guidance.
Shock
GB/T 2423.10 Environmental Testing - Part 2.Test Methods - Test Fc. Vibration
(sinusoidal)
GB/T 2423.21 Environmental Testing for Electric and Electronic Products - Part 2.Test
Methods - Test M. Low Air Pressure
GB/T 2423.22 Environmental Testing - Part 2.Test Methods - Test N. Change of
Temperature
GB 4943.1-2011 Information Technology Equipment - Safety - Part 1.General
Requirements
GB/T 17626.2 Electromagnetic Compatibility - Testing and Measurement Techniques -
Electrostatic Discharge Immunity Test
3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions are applicable to this document.
3.1 (lithium ion) Cell
(lithium ion) cell is a device that relies on the movement of lithium ions between the
positive electrode and the negative electrode to implement the mutual conversion of
chemical energy and electric energy and is designed to be rechargeable.
3.2 Large Lithium Ion Cell
Large lithium ion cell refers to lithium ion cell whose total mass exceeds 500 g.
3.3 Cell Block
Cell block refers to the configuration of multiple cells in parallel, which may or may not
have protective devices [for example, fuses or positive temperature coefficient
thermistors (PTC)] and monitoring circuits.
3.4 Module
Module refers to the configuration of multiple cells in series or in parallel, which may or
may not have protective devices [for example, fuses or positive temperature coefficient
thermistors (PTC)] and monitoring circuits.
3.5 Battery / Battery Pack
Battery / battery pack refers to an energy storage device electrically connected by one
or multiple cells or modules.
3.6 Battery System
Battery system refers to a system composed of one or multiple cells, modules or
battery packs.
4 Test Conditions
4.1 Applicability of Tests
The tests specified in this Standard are only carried out when safety is involved.
When the content of the Standard stipulates that a certain type of cell or battery pack
is clearly not applicable to the product test due to the product’s design, structural and
functional constraints, it may be exempted from the test. If the cell or battery pack
cannot be tested due to the product’s design, structural or functional constraints, and
this test must be carried out, relevant tests may be carried out on the cell or battery
pack, together with the electronic equipment using the cell or battery pack, the charger
attached to the electronic equipment or the components constituting part of the
electronic equipment.
4.2 Environmental Conditions of Tests
Unless it is otherwise specified, the tests are generally carried out under the following
conditions.
4.3 Parameter Measurement Tolerances
Relative to the specified values or actual values, the accuracy of all control values or
measured values shall be limited to the following tolerance ranges.
4.4 Method of Temperature Measurement
Adopt the thermocouple method to measure the surface temperature of the sample.
The temperature test point shall select the highest temperature point as the judgment
basis of the test.
4.5 Charging and Discharging Procedures for Tests
4.6 Type Test
5 General Safety Requirements
5.1 General Safety Considerations
The safety of the cells and battery packs is considered from the following two
application conditions.
5.2 Safe Working Parameters
In order to ensure the safety in use of cells and battery packs under different conditions,
the safe working conditions shall be specified, including parameters, such as.
5.3 Markings and Warning Instructions
5.3.1 Requirements for markings
5.3.2 Warning instructions
On the body of the battery packs, there shall be warning instructions in Chinese, such as.
which shall comply with the above requirements.
5.4 Key Safety Components
5.4.1 Basic requirements
Under the circumstance where safety is involved, the components in the cells, modules
and battery systems, such as. positive temperature coefficient thermistors (PTC) and
thermal fuses, shall comply with the requirements of this Standard, or comply with the
requirements of national standards and industrial standards related to components, or
safety-related requirements in other specifications.
5.4.2 Evaluation and test of components
The evaluation and test of components shall be carried out in accordance with the
following stipulations.
6 Cell Electrical Safety
6.1 High-temperature External Short-circuit
In accordance with the test method specified in 4.5.1, fully charge the cell, then, place
it in an environment of 55 °C ± 5 °C; after the cell reaches 55 °C ± 5 °C, place it for
another 30 min.
6.2 Overcharge
In accordance with the test method specified in 4.5.1, fully charge the cell, then, charge
it with the maximum continual charging current specified by the manufacturer to 1.2
times the upper limited charging voltage or 5 V (whichever is greater). For cells with a
nominal voltage less than 3 V, charge it with the maximum continual charging current
specified by the manufacturer to 1.5 times the upper limited charging voltage.
6.3 Forced Discharge
In accordance with the test method specified in 4.5.2, complete the discharging of the
cell, then, reverse charge the cell with 1C A current to the negative upper limited
charging voltage; the total reverse charge time is 90 min.
7 Cell Environmental Safety
7.1 Low Air Pressure
In accordance with the test method specified in 4.5.1, fully charge the cell, then, place
the sample in a vacuum box at 20 °C ± 5 °C. Vacuumize and reduce the pressure in
the box to 11.6 kPa (simulated altitude of 15,240 m); maintain it for 6 h.
7.2 Temperature Cycle
In accordance with the test method specified in 4.5.1, fully charge the cell, then, place
the cell in a temperature-controllable box with a temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C and
proceed as follows (see Figure 4).
7.3 Vibration
In accordance with the test method specified in 4.5.1, fully charge the cell, then, fasten
the sample onto the vibration test bench. In accordance with the parameters in Table
4, perform the sinusoidal vibration test.
7.4 Acceleration Shock
In accordance with the test method specified in 4.5.1, fully charge the cell, then, fasten
it onto the shock table to conduct a half-sine pulse shock test. The peak acceleration
is 150 gn ± 25 gn; the pulse duration is 6 ms ± 1 ms. The large cells shall withstand a
half-sine pulse shock with a peak acceleration of 50 gn ± 8 gn and a pulse duration of
11 ms ± 2 ms. In each direction, carry out three acceleration shock tests on the cell,
followed by three acceleration shock tests in the opposite direction.
7.5 Drop
7.5.1 General requirements
In accordance with the test method specified in 4.5.1, fully charge the sample. Then,
in accordance with the drop height and mode in Table 5 and Figure 5, let the sample
freely fall onto the concrete slab.
7.5.2 Drop test of whole
For samples with a mass less than 20 kg, adopt the drop test of whole.
7.5.3 Drop test of edge and corner
For samples with a mass of 20 kg and above, adopt the drop test of edge and corner.
Fully charged sample falls onto the concrete slab twice from the height specified in
Table 5.The drop test conditions shall comply with Figure 6 a), Figure 6 b) and Figure
6 c); select the shortest edge and the corresponding corner as the drop point.
7.6 Heavy Impact / Extrusion
7.6.1 Heavy impact
It is applicable to cylindrical cells with a diameter greater than or equal to 18.0 mm.
In accordance with the test method specified in 4.5.1, fully charge the cell, then, place
it for 10 min. In accordance with the test method specified in 4.5.2, discharge 50% of
the power, then, place the cell on the surface of a platform. Horizontally place a metal
rod with a diameter of 15.8 mm ± 0.2 mm on the upper surface of the geometric center
of the cell.
7.7 Thermal Abuse
In accordance with the test method specified in 4.5.1, fully charge the cell, then, place
the cell in the test box. At a temperature rise rate of (5 ± 2) °C/min, raise the
temperature of the test box. After the temperature in the box reaches 130 °C ± 2 °C,
maintain the temperature constant for 1 h.
8 Battery Pack Environmental Safety
8.1 Temperature Cycle
In accordance with the test method specified in 4.5.1, fully charge the sample, then,
carry out the temperature cycle test. See 7.2 for the test method. For large lithium ion
batteries (abbreviated as large batteries), the time of being exposed to the extreme
test temperature shall at least be 12 h.
8.2 Vibration
In accordance with the test method specified in 4.5.1, fully charge the sample, then,
carry out the vibration test. See 7.3 for the test method. For large batteries, the test
method is to carry out the sinusoidal vibration test in accordance with the parameters
in Table 6.
8.3 Acceleration Shock
In accordance with the test method specified in 4.5.1, fully charge the sample, then,
carry out the acceleration shock test. In accordance with three mutually perpendicular
directions, successively perform the acceleration shock test. See 7.4 for the test
8.4 Drop
In accordance with the test method specified in 4.5.1, fully charge the sample. Then,
in accordance with the mass of the sample and Table 5, choose to perform the drop
test on the whole or edge and corner. See 7.5 for the test method.
9 Functional Safety of Battery System
9.1 Requirements for Battery Management Unit / Battery Management
System
The lithium ion battery system used for stationary electronic equipment shall be
designed with battery management unit (BMU) or battery management system (BMS)
to ensure that the cell and battery pack can work within the specified working range.
BMU / BMS shall be able to detect and control the abnormal state of the voltage,
temperature and current of the cell and battery pack.
9.2 Requirements for Test Sample
The test sample is a battery system, or a module with monitoring circuits, or a
corresponding circuit.
9.3 Overvoltage Charge Control
In accordance with the test method specified in 4.5.2, complete the discharging of the
cell. Use the maximum continual charging current of the recommended charger to
charge, until the charging voltage of any cell in the sample exceeds its upper limited
charging voltage by 10%.
9.5 Undervoltage Discharge Control
In accordance with the test method specified in 4.5.1, fully charge the sample. Then,
through the maximum discharging current of the sample for electronic load, discharge
it, until the discharging voltage of any cell in the sample is 10% lower than the
discharge cut off voltage.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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