GB/T 45565-2025 PDF English
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GB/T 45565-2025: Coding regulations of lithium ion batteries---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT45565-2025
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 29.220.90
CCS K 82
Coding Regulations of Lithium Ion Batteries
Issued on: APRIL 25, 2025
Implemented on: NOVEMBER 1, 2025
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 4
2 Normative References... 4
3 Terms and Definitions... 4
4 Coding Targets... 5
5 Coding Structure... 6
6 Coding Expression Method... 8
7 Coding and Labeling... 10
Appendix A (Normative) Time Code... 12
Bibliography... 14
Coding Regulations of Lithium Ion Batteries
1 Scope
This Document specifies the coding rules for lithium-ion cells, lithium-ion modules, lithium-
ion battery packs, lithium-ion battery clusters, and lithium-ion battery systems (hereinafter
collectively referred to as lithium-ion batteries), including coding targets, coding structure,
coding representation methods, and coding identifiers, etc.
This Document applies to the coding of consumer lithium-ion batteries, large-power lithium-
ion batteries (excluding power lithium-ion batteries for automotive), small-power lithium-ion
batteries, and energy storage lithium-ion batteries. Other types of batteries may be used as a
reference.
2 Normative References
The provisions in following documents become the essential provisions of this Document
through reference in this Document. For the dated documents, only the versions with the dates
indicated are applicable to this Document; for the undated documents, only the latest version
(including all the amendments) is applicable to this Document.
GB/T 1988 Information technology - 7-bit coded character set for information interchange
GB/T 12508 Alphanumeric character sets for optical recognition - Part 2.Character set
OCR-B - Shapes and dimensions of the printed image
GB/T 18347 Code 128
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this Document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 Cell
A device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy and vice versa by the movement
of lithium ions between positive and negative electrodes and is designed to be rechargeable.
NOTE. This device includes electrodes, separators, electrolytes, containers, and terminals, etc.
3.2 Module
A group of batteries consisting of lithium-ion cells connected in series, parallel, or series-
parallel, may or may not have protection devices [such as fuses or positive temperature
coefficient (PTC)] and monitoring circuits.
3.3 Battery pack
An energy storage device consisting of one or more lithium-ion cells or lithium-ion modules
electrically connected.
NOTE 1.It includes monitoring circuitry that provides information (e.g., cell voltage) to the battery
system.
NOTE 2.It may include protective shielding provided by terminals or other interconnecting means.
3.4 Battery cluster
A battery assembly consisting of battery modules connected in series, parallel, or series-parallel.
3.5 Battery system
A system consisting of one or more lithium-ion cells, lithium-ion modules, lithium-ion battery
clusters, or lithium-ion battery packs.
NOTE 1.It includes a battery management system that activates if overcharge, overcurrent,
overdischarge, or overheating occur.
NOTE 2.Overdischarge shutdown is not mandatory if agreed upon by the battery manufacturer and user.
NOTE 3.It may also include cooling or heating devices, and some may even include charging and
discharging modules and inverter modules, etc.
4 Coding Targets
This document primarily covers lithium-ion batteries for consumer, high-power (excluding
power batteries for automotive), low-power, and energy storage applications as the coding
targets.
a) Consumer lithium-ion batteries primarily refer to batteries used in mobile communication
terminals, tablet computers, portable computers, wearable devices, and other
applications;
b) High-power lithium-ion batteries primarily refer to batteries used in electric ships and
electric aircraft, etc.;
c) Low-power lithium-ion batteries primarily refer to batteries used in electric bicycles,
electric motorcycles (two-wheeled and three-wheeled), electric scooters, and electric
self-balancing scooters, etc.;
5 Coding Structure
5.1 Coding structure for conventional-sized lithium-ion batteries
The coding structure for conventional-sized lithium-ion batteries consists of two main parts.
the first part, a fixed coding segment; and the second part, a non-fixed identification code. A
schematic diagram of the coding structure is shown in Figure 1; and a description of the coding
structure is shown in Table 1.Thereof, the fixed code segment and the non-fixed identification
code shall be separated by a dash (-). If the lithium-ion battery is derived from repurposing, the
repurposing identification code shall be added between the fixed code segment and the non-
fixed identification code.
d The production serial number refers to the serial number of the battery product produced on the designated
production line by the enterprise on the day of production.
5.2 Coding structure for small-sized lithium-ion batteries
5.2.1 General
The coding range for small-sized lithium-ion batteries includes the coding for the small-sized
lithium-ion battery body and the coding for the smallest packaging unit containing the small-
sized lithium-ion battery. A correspondence between the coding for the small-sized lithium-ion
battery body and the coding for the smallest packaging unit must be established and
documented.
5.2.2 Coding structure for small-sized lithium-ion battery body
The coding structure for the small-sized lithium-ion battery body utilizes a simplified coding
scheme customized by the enterprise. This shall include at least the coding of production serial
number, preferably include the enterprise coding, and specifications, etc. This coding shall be
associated with the coding for the smallest packaging unit and documented.
NOTE. Small-sized lithium-ion batteries generally refer to products with a maximum surface area of less
than 10 cm².
6 Coding Expression Method
6.1 Coding expression method for conventional-sized lithium-ion batteries
6.1.1 Enterprise coding
The enterprise coding consists of 4 digits and is customized by the enterprise and documented.
Characters shall be selected from Arabic numerals and uppercase English letters (excluding "I"
and "O") and combined.
EXAMPLE. Enterprise coding for lithium-ion batteries. ABC5.
6.1.2 Coding of product type
The coding of product type consists of 1 digit and shall comply with the provisions of Table 1.
It shall be expressed in uppercase English letters. Except for cells, the codes for other product
types are grouped according to their application in the consumer, high-power, small-power, and
energy storage sectors, respectively, in order of module, battery pack, battery cluster and battery
system, using a unified code.
6.1.3 Coding of battery type
The coding of battery type consists of 1 digit and shall comply with the provisions of Table 1.
It shall be expressed in uppercase English letters.
6.1.4 Coding of production date
The coding of production date consists of 3 digits, using uppercase English letters and Arabic
numerals. The first digit represents the year, which shall comply with the provisions of Table
A.1 in Appendix A (a 30-year cycle). The second digit represents the month, which shall comply
with the provisions of Table A.2.The third digit represents the calendar day, which shall comply
with the provisions of Table A.3.
EXAMPLE. The coding of production date for lithium-ion batteries produced on January 1, 2025, is F11.
6.1.5 Repurposing identification code
Lithium-ion batteries of different product types that involve repurposing or contain repurposing
lithium-ion batteries shall be identified by the repurposing identification code "-R" ("-" is a
separator).
EXAMPLE.
A lithium iron phosphate cell produced by manufacturer ABC5 on January 1, 2025, has a battery code of
ABC5CBF11-non-fixed identification code. If manufacturer ABC5 also engages in repurposing, or if an
independent repurposing enterprise ABCD repurposes the battery on January 1, 2025, a repurposing
identification code must be added to the cell. The code is ABC5CBF11-R-non-fixed identification
code/ABCDCBF11-R-non-fixed identification code. If the cell is used in the energy storage field, the
corresponding codes of module, battery cluster, and battery system are. ABC5HBF11-R-non-fixed
identification code/ABCDHBF11-R-non-fixed identification code, ABC5JBF11-R-non-fixed
identification code/ABCDJBF11-R-non-fixed identification code, and ABC5KBF11-R-non-fixed
identification code/ABCDKBF11-R-non-fixed identification code, respectively.
6.1.6 Non-fixed identification code
Non-Fixed identification codes are custom-defined by the enterprise and documented.
Characters shall be selected from Arabic numerals and uppercase English letters (excluding the
letters "I" and "O"). They shall at least include the coding of production serial number,
preferably including the coding of specifications, production line, supplier, and production
equipment, etc. The coding number should not exceed 20 digits. The coding of production serial
number should use Arabic numerals or uppercase English letters alone. If a mixture of
uppercase English letters and Arabic numerals is used, the uppercase English letters or Arabic
numerals should be placed first or last, not in random positions.
6.2 Coding expression methods for small-sized lithium-ion batteries
6.2.1 Coding expression methods for small-sized lithium-ion battery body
The coding expression method for small-sized lithium-ion battery body shall be selected from
Arabic numerals and uppercase English letters (excluding the letters "I" and "O"). The coding
method for the production serial number is the same as described in 6.1.6.
EXAMPLE.
For example, manufacturer ABC5 produces a lithium cobalt oxide cell with a maximum surface area of
6 cm². The 888th small-sized lithium-ion battery produced on April 1, 2025, could be coded as ABC5888
or ABC5DN3888 (D represents the battery type, 3 may represent the third production line, N may
represent the product model, and 888 represents the coding of production serial number for that day).
7 Coding and Labeling
7.1 Labeling format
The coding and labeling of the smallest packaging unit for conventional-sized and small-sized
lithium-ion batteries shall be human-readable. A machine-readable one-dimensional barcode,
two-dimensional code, or electronic label may be added as needed. The coding and labeling of
the small-sized lithium-ion battery body shall be human-readable, machine-readable one-
dimensional barcode, or machine-readable two-dimensional code. Labeling requirements are
as follows.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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