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| Standard ID | Contents [version] | USD | STEP2 | [PDF] delivery | Name of Chinese Standard | Status |
| GB 1886.40-2025 | English | 200 |
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National food safety standard - Food additive - L-Malic acid
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| GB 1886.40-2015 | English | 205 |
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GB 1886.40-2025: National food safety standard - Food additive - L-Malic acid
---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GB1886.40-2025
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
National Food Safety Standard – Food Additive – L-Malic
Acid
Issued on: SEPTEMBER 2, 2025
Implemented on: MARCH 2, 2026
Issued by. National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China;
State Administration for Market Regulation.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 4
2 Chemical Name, Molecular Formula, Structural Formula, and Relative Molecular
Mass... 4
3 Technical Requirements... 4
Appendix A Test Methods... 6
Appendix B Infrared Absorption Spectrum of L-Malic Acid Standard... 14
Appendix C Liquid Chromatogram of Mixed Standard Solution of Fumaric Acid,
Maleic Acid, and Succinic Acid... 15
Foreword
This Standard replaced GB 1886.40-2015 National Food Safety Standard - Food Additives - L-
Malic Acid.
Compared with GB 1886.40-2015, the major changes of this Standard are as follows.
--- Change the scope;
--- Add physicochemical indicators. moisture and succinic acid;
--- Change the description of physicochemical indicator content and total arsenic, and the
limit requirements for total arsenic; delete the heavy metals;
--- Change the test methods for identification, content, clarity, fumaric acid, maleic acid,
lead, and total arsenic;
--- Add a test method for succinic acid;
--- Change Appendixes A and B; and add Appendix C.
National Food Safety Standard – Food Additive – L-Malic
Acid
1 Scope
This Standard applies to L-malic acid, a food additive prepared by enzyme engineering from
fumaric acid or fumarate; or L-malic acid, a food additive prepared by fermentation from starch
or sugars.
2 Chemical Name, Molecular Formula, Structural Formula,
and Relative Molecular Mass
2.1 Chemical name
L-hydroxysuccinic acid
2.2 Molecular formula
C4H6O5
2.3 Structural formula
2.4 Relative molecular mass
134.09 (based on 2022 international relative atomic mass)
3 Technical Requirements
3.1 Sensory requirements
Sensory requirements shall conform to the provisions of Table 1.
Appendix A
Test Methods
A.1 Warnings
Some test procedures specified in the test methods may lead to hazardous situations. Operators
shall take appropriate safety and health precautions.
A.2 General
Unless otherwise specified, all reagents used in this Standard refer to analytically pure reagents.
Standard titration solutions, standard solutions for impurity determination, preparations, and
products used in the tests shall be prepared in accordance with GB/T 601, GB/T 602, and GB/T
603 unless otherwise specified. Unless otherwise specified, solutions used in the tests refer to
Grade III water as specified in GB/T 6682.
A.3 Identification tests
A.3.1 Reagents and materials
A.3.1.1 Ammonia solution. Ammonia + Water = 2 + 3.
A.3.1.2 P-aminobenzenesulphonic acid solution. 10 g/L.
A.3.1.3 Sodium nitrite solution. 200 g/L.
A.3.1.4 Sodium hydroxide solution. 40 g/L.
A.3.2 Analytical procedure
A.3.2.1 Identification by ammonium salt color development
Weigh 0.5 g of the specimen, accurate to 0.01 g; and place it in a 50 mL test tube. Add 10 mL
of water to dissolve. Neutralize to neutral with ammonia solution; add 1 mL of p-
aminobenzenesulphonic acid solution; and heat in a boiling water bath for 5 min. Add 5 mL of
sodium nitrite solution; heat in a boiling water bath for 3 min; then add 5 mL of sodium
hydroxide solution. Observe from top to bottom; a red color shall appear immediately.
A.3.2.2 Identification by infrared absorption spectroscopy
According to GB/T 6040, use the potassium bromide pellet method for qualitative analysis and
determine the infrared absorption spectrum. The infrared absorption spectrum of the specimen
shall be basically consistent with Appendix B.
A.4 Determination of content (by C4H6O5)
A.4.1 Method summary
The specimen solution was titrated with a standard sodium hydroxide solution using
phenolphthalein as an indicator. The total acid concentration (by C4H6O5) in the specimen
solution was calculated based on the consumption of the sodium hydroxide standard titration
solution.
A.4.2 Reagents and materials
A.4.2.1 Sodium hydroxide standard titration solution. c(NaOH) = 0.5 mol/L.
A.4.2.2 Phenolphthalein indicator. 10 g/L.
A.4.3 Instruments and equipment
Analytical balance. With sensitivity of 0.0001 g.
A.4.4 Analytical procedure
Weigh approximately 1.0 g of the specimen, accurate to 0.0001 g. Dissolve in 20 mL of carbon
dioxide-free water; and add 2 drops of phenolphthalein indicator. Titrate with sodium hydroxide
standard titration solution until a reddish color appears, which remains unchanged for 30 s as
the endpoint. Perform a blank test using the same procedure as for the specimen.
A.4.5 Calculation of results
The content (by C4H6O5) is expressed as a mass fraction w1; and the value is expressed as a
percentage (%), calculated according to Formula (A.1).
Where.
V1 - volume of sodium hydroxide standard titration solution consumed by the specimen solution,
in mL;
V0 - volume of sodium hydroxide standard titration solution consumed by the blank solution,
in mL;
c - concentration of the sodium hydroxide standard titration solution, in mol/L;
M - molar mass of 1/2 L-malic acid, in g/mol (M = 67.04);
m - mass of the specimen, in g;
1000 - conversion factor.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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