GB 18176-2016 PDF English
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| Standard ID | Contents [version] | USD | STEP2 | [PDF] delivery | Name of Chinese Standard | Status |
| GB 18176-2016 | English | 1060 |
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Limits and measurement methods for emissions of pollutants from mopeds on the running mode (CHINA stage IV)
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| GB 18176-2007 | English | RFQ |
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Limits and measurement methods for emissions of pollutants from mopeds on the running mode (CHINA stage Ⅲ)
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| GB 18176-2002 | English | 879 |
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Limits and measurement methods for exhaust emissions from mopeds under running mode
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| GB 18176-2000 | English | 879 |
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Limits and measurement methods for emissions of pollutants from mopeds
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GB 18176-2016: Limits and measurement methods for emissions of pollutants from mopeds on the running mode (CHINA stage IV)
---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GB18176-2016
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 13.040.50
Z 64
Replacing GB 18176-2007 and GB 20998-2007; partially replacing GB 14621-2011
Limits and measurement methods for emissions of pollutants
from mopeds (CHINA Ⅳ)
Issued on. AUGUST 22, 2016
Implemented on. JULY 01, 2018
Issued by. Ministry of Environmental Protection;
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of the People's Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 5
2 Normative references... 5
3 Terms and definitions... 6
4 Type test and test information disclosure... 10
5 General requirements... 10
6 Type test requirements... 12
7 Production consistency inspection... 17
8 Model extension... 20
9 Compliance in use... 20
10 Implementation of standards... 20
Annex A (Normative) Type test related information... 22
Annex B (Normative) Type test results... 31
Annex C (Normative) Emission test for tailpipe emissions at room temperature after
cold start (Type I test)... 34
Annex D (Normative) Dual-idling speed test (Type II test)... 77
Annex E (Normative) Emission test for evaporative emissions (Type IV test)... 80
Annex F (Normative) Endurance test for emission-control devices (Type V test)... 100
Annex G (Normative) On-board diagnostic (OBD) system... 108
Annex H (Normative) Technical requirements for reference fuel... 114
Annex I (Normative) Production consistency guarantee requirements... 119
Annex J (Normative) Type extension requirements... 125
1 Scope
This Standard specifies limits and measurement methods for tailpipe emissions,
evaporative emissions from mopeds, as well as crankcase emissions requirements,
endurance requirements for emission-control devices and technical requirements for
on-board diagnostic (OBD) system.
This Standard specifies the requirements for the type test of mopeds and the inspection
and judgment methods for production consistency.
This Standard is applicable to two- or three-wheeled mopeds powered by ignition
engines, with engine displacement not greater than 50 mL and maximum design speed
not greater than 50 km/h.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 15089-2001, Classification of power-driven vehicles and trailers
HJ/T 289, Equipment specifications and quality control requirements for Gasoline
vehicles in two-speed idle exhaust emission test
QC/T 1003, Determination of precious metal in metal support catalytic converter
for mopeds
ISO 2575.2010, Road vehicles - Symbols for controls, indicators and tell-tales
ISO 9141-2, Road vehicles - Diagnostic systems - Part 2.CARB requirements for
interchange of digital information
ISO 14229-3, Road vehicles - Unified diagnostic services (UDS) - Part 3.Unified
diagnostic services on CAN implementation (UDSonCAN)
ISO 14229-4, Road vehicles - Unified diagnostic services (UDS) - Part 4.Unified
diagnostic services on FlexRay implementation (UDSonFR)
ISO 14230-4, Road vehicles - Diagnostic systems - Keyword Protocol 2000 - Part 4.
Requirements for emission-related systems
ISO 15031-3, Road vehicles - Communication between vehicle and external
equipment for emissions-related diagnostics - Part 3.Diagnostic connector and
related electrical circuits, specification and use
ISO 15031-4.2014, Road vehicles - Communication between vehicle and external
equipment for emissions-related diagnostics - Part 4.External test equipment
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 moped
According to GB/T 15089-2001.
Two-wheeled mopeds (category L1). two-wheeled vehicle that if a heat engine is used,
its cylinder displacement shall not exceed 50 mL, and regardless of the driving mode,
its maximum design speed shall not exceed 50 km/h.
Three-wheeled mopeds (category L2). three-wheeled vehicle with any wheel
arrangement that if a thermal engine is used, its cylinder displacement does not exceed
50 mL, and regardless of the driving mode, its maximum design speed does not exceed 50 km/h.
3.2 type test
An inspection that after the design of a type of moped is completed, the model test is
carried out on the new product that has been trial-produced to verify whether the
product can meet the technical requirements of this Standard.
3.3 gas fuel
It refers to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) or natural gas (NG).
3.4 bi-fuel moped
A moped that can use both gasoline and a gas as fuel, but the two fuels cannot be used
at the same time.
3.5 mono fuel gas moped
A moped that can only use a certain type of gas fuel (LPG or NG) or can use a certain
type of gas fuel (LPG or NG) and gasoline, but gasoline is only used for emergency
situations or engine starting.
3.6 equivalent inertia
The mass equivalent to the movement and moment of inertia of a moped on a chassis
dynamometer that is simulated by an inertia simulator.
4 Type test and test information disclosure
4.1 Carry out type test in accordance with the requirements of this Standard and meet
the requirements of this Standard.
4.2 Moped manufacturers or their authorized agents shall disclose information in
accordance with Annex A and Annex B. If the content involves enterprise secrets, the
information may only be disclosed to the competent authority.
4.3 In order to carry out the tests mentioned in Chapter 6, a representative sample
vehicle must be submitted to the testing agency responsible for type test. Two sets of
identical canisters are also required for Type IV test.
5 General requirements
5.1 For components affecting tailpipe emissions, crankcase emissions and evaporative
emissions, their design, manufacture and assembly shall make the moped meet the
requirements of this Standard no matter what kind of vibration it encounters under
normal use conditions.
5.2 Moped manufacturers must take technical measures to ensure that mopeds meet the
requirements of Chapter 6 and Chapter 7.In this way, it is considered that under normal
use conditions and service life, the tailpipe emissions and evaporative emissions can be
effectively controlled within the limits specified in this Standard.
5.3 Moped manufacturers must take one of the following measures to prevent excessive
emissions of evaporative emissions and fuel spillage due to missing fuel tank caps.
5.4 All mopeds shall be equipped with an OBD system.
5.5 The safety of the electronic control system shall meet the following requirements.
5.6 Mopeds are prohibited from using defeat devices and/or irrational emission control
strategy.
5.7 When one of the following conditions is met, mopeds can be installed and used with
relevant engine control devices, functions, systems or measures.
5.8 If the engine control device, function, system or measure used by the moped can
cause the engine to adopt a different or adjusted engine control strategy than that used
in the normal use emission test cycle, it is allowed to use if it is fully demonstrated that
the measure will not reduce the efficiency of the emission control system. In all other
cases, it is considered a defeat device.
6 Type test requirements
6.1 Test items
During the type test, the test items of the moped are shown in Table 1.
6.2 Emission limit requirements and test methods
6.2.1 Type I test (emission test of tailpipe emissions after cold start at room
temperature)
6.2.1.1 All mopeds shall be subjected to this test.
6.2.1.2 For bi-fuel mopeds, Type I tests shall be carried out using two fuels respectively.
6.2.1.3 Type I test shall be carried out according to the method specified in Annex C.
Various tailpipe emission gases are collected and analyzed by prescribed methods.
6.2.1.4 The flow chart of Type I test is shown in Figure 1.
6.2.1.5 Mopeds shall be placed on a chassis dynamometer equipped with power
absorbing devices and inertia simulation devices.
6.2.1.6 During the test, the exhaust gas is diluted, and the sample gas is collected into
the sampling bag in proportion. Dilute, sample and analyze the exhaust of the test
vehicle as required. Measure the total volume of diluted gases.
6.2.2 Type II test (dual idling speed test)
6.2.2.1 All mopeds shall be subjected to this test.
6.2.2.2 For bi-fuel mopeds, this test shall be carried out for the two fuels respectively.
6.2.2.3 For mono fuel gas mopeds, only use this gas fuel to carry out this test.
6.2.3 Type III test (emission test for crankcase emissions)
The engine's crankcase ventilation system does not allow any crankcase emissions to
escape into the atmosphere. When necessary, the enterprise shall disclose detailed
technical information and drawings to the competent authority to prove that the
construction of the engine will not emission any fuel, lubricating oil or crankcase gas
from the crankcase ventilation system into the atmosphere.
6.2.4 Type IV test (emission test for evaporative emissions)
6.2.5 Type V test (endurance test for emission-control devices)
6.2.6 On-board diagnostic (OBD) system requirements
The moped OBD system shall be tested in accordance with Annex G and meet its
requirements.
6.3 Test fuel
All tests except Type V tests shall use reference fuels that meet the requirements of
Annex H. Type V test shall use commercially available vehicle fuels that meet the
relevant standards.
7 Production consistency inspection
Measures shall be taken in accordance with Annex I to ensure production consistency.
The inspection of production consistency is based on Annex A and Annex B. When
necessary, some or all of the tests described in Chapter 6 may be carried out.
7.1 Production consistency inspection for type Ⅰ test
7.1.1 When carrying out the Type I test, if the moped for type test has one or more
extensions, this test can be carried out on the vehicle type mentioned in Annex A or the
relevant expansion type.
7.1.2 After the moped is selected by the competent department, the manufacturer shall
not make any adjustments to the selected moped.
7.1.3 Sample vehicles are directly selected from the vehicles that pass the production
line inspection for testing. The test vehicle does not need to be run-in. If required by the
manufacturer, run-in less than 250 km can be carried out according to the run-in
specification of the manufacturer. But no adjustments shall be made to these mopeds.
7.1.4 Tests shall be carried out with commercially available vehicle fuels that meet the
relevant standards. Under the request of the manufacturer, the reference fuel specified
in Annex H can be used.
7.2 Production consistency inspection for Type Ⅱ test
Test 3 vehicles
7.3 Production consistency inspection for Type III test
It shall meet the requirements of 6.2.3.
7.4 Production consistency inspection for Type IV test
The production consistency inspection shall be carried out in accordance with the
provisions of E.7.
7.5 Production consistency inspection for OBD system
7.5.1 Randomly select three vehicles from batch products. Conduct the test described
in Annex G.
7.5.2 If the three vehicles meet the requirements of the test described in Annex G, the
production consistency of the OBD system is considered to meet the requirements.
Otherwise, it is determined that the production consistency inspection of the OBD
system fails.
7.6 Production consistency inspection for canisters
7.7 Production consistency inspection for catalytic converters
7.7.1 Randomly take three vehicles (or three sets of catalytic converters) from an
assembly line or mass production. In accordance with the regulations of QC/T 1003,
detect the content of each precious metal in the taken catalytic converter.
7.7.2 Criteria for judging the consistency of catalytic converter production.
7.8 Other
If a certain model cannot meet any one of the production consistency inspection
requirements in 7.1 to 7.7, the moped manufacturer shall take all necessary measures
as soon as possible to re-establish the production consistency assurance system.
8 Model extension
The model extension shall meet the requirements of Annex J. When a model is extended,
the extended model cannot be extended to other models.
9 Compliance in use
Manufacturers shall take measures to ensure that within the endurance mileage
specified in this Standard, the emission control devices installed on mopeds under
normal use conditions always operate normally and meet the relevant pollutant
emission limits.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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