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LY/T 2131-2019 English PDF

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LY/T 2131-2019: Technical Regulations for Cultivation of Carya cathayensis Sarg.
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LY/T 2131: Evolution and historical versions

Standard ID	Contents [version]	USD	STEP2	[PDF] delivered in	Standard Title (Description)	Status	PDF
LY/T 2131-2019	English	279	Add to Cart	3 days [Need to translate]	Technical Regulations for Cultivation of Carya cathayensis Sarg.	Valid	LY/T 2131-2019
LY/T 2131-2013	English	639	Add to Cart	3 days [Need to translate]	Technical regulations for production of Carya cathayensis Sarg.	Obsolete	LY/T 2131-2013

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Basic data

Standard ID	LY/T 2131-2019 (LY/T2131-2019)
Description (Translated English)	Technical Regulations for Cultivation of Carya cathayensis Sarg.
Sector / Industry	Forestry Industry Standard (Recommended)
Classification of Chinese Standard	B38
Classification of International Standard	65.020.20
Word Count Estimation	12,166
Date of Issue	2019-10-23
Date of Implementation	2020-04-01
Older Standard (superseded by this standard)	LY/T 2131-2013
Regulation (derived from)	Announcement of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration No. 17 of 2019
Issuing agency(ies)	State Forestry and Grassland Administration

LY/T 2131-2019: Technical Regulations for Cultivation of Carya cathayensis Sarg.

---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
(Technical regulations for pecan cultivation) ICS 65.020.20 B 38 LY People's Republic of China Forestry Industry Standard Replacing LY/T 2131-2013 Pecan cultivation technical regulations Technical Regulations for Cultivation of Carya cathayensis Sarg. 2019-10-23 released 2020-04-01 implementation Published by the National Forestry and Grassland Administration

Foreword ... II 1 Scope ... 1 2 Normative references ... 1 3 Terms and definitions ... 1 4 Seedlings ... 1 5 Planting ... 2 6 Tree Cultivation ... 3 7 Forest management ... 4 8 Pest Control ... 5 Appendix A (informative appendix) Hickory cultivation management worksheet ... 6 Appendix B (Informative) Control of main pests and diseases of pecan ... 7

Foreword

This standard replaces LY/T 2131-2013 "Hickory Production Technical Regulations". Compared with LY/T 2131-2013, the main technical changes are as follows. -It is stipulated that the slope of the planting land is not greater than 25o. -Increased the ecological cultivation of young and grown forests. -Added content to protect flowers and fruits. -Added the work item list of pecan cultivation and management. This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. This standard was proposed by Anhui Agricultural University. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Economic Forest Products Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC 557). The main drafting organizations of this standard. Anhui Agricultural University, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Chinese Academy of Forestry Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, China Forestry Research Institute of Forestry, National Academy of Forestry and Grassland Administration. The main drafters of this standard. Huang Xingzhao, Huang Jianqin, Chang Jun, Jiang Chunqian, Xu Xiaoniu, Fu Songling, Bai Yanfeng, Zhang Longwa, Xia Guohua, Liu Chang Yong. This standard was first issued in.2013 and this is the first revision. Pecan cultivation technical regulations

1 Scope

This standard specifies the production techniques of Carya cathayensis Sarg. Management, pest control, harvesting and nut processing. This standard applies to the production and cultivation of Tianmu walnut. Dabieshan pecan (C.dabieshanensis), Hunan pecan (C.hunanensis) Production and cultivation can also be used as a reference.

2 Normative references

The following documents are essential for the application of this document. For dated references, only the dated version applies to this article Pieces. For undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document. GB 3095 Ambient Air Quality Standard GB 5084 farmland irrigation water quality standards GB 15618 soil environmental quality agricultural land soil pollution risk control standard

3 terms and definitions

The following terms and definitions apply to this document. 3.1 Female flower opening The stigma of the female flower becomes purple-red, and the female flower is said to be open when mucus is secreted. 3.2 Assisted pollination Pollen method of putting pollen into a pollen bag and hanging it on the air outlet or on the top of a bamboo pole, shaking while walking

4 Seedlings

4.1 Grafting 4.1.1 Rootstock Rootstocks should be selected to have a ground diameter of more than 0.7㎝ and grow robust pecan seedlings. 4.1.2 Scion During the dormancy period of pecans, the middle and upper periphery of the crown of the plucking mother tree are cut, and the annual branches are robust, full of buds, and short internodes. 800 times to 1000 times of milomycin or methyl tobzine, dry after treatment, sealed with nylon film, and stored in a cold storage at 0 ° C to 5 ° C for future use. 4.1.3 Grafting period Graft during the period when the rootstock compound leaves spread out and the leaflets are fully grown. 4.1.4 Grafting The rootstock is cut transversely, a cut is made on one side of the cross section, and the scion is inserted into the cut to graft. After the grafting, wipe the buds in time to remove the sprouts, loosen the weeds, and graft After 60 ~ 100 days, remove the shackles. 4.2 Post-graft management 4.2.1 Topdressing After mid-June, the fertilizer can be topdressed, mainly nitrogen; the last fertilizer is applied in early October, mainly phosphorus and potassium. 4.2.2 Shade In the middle and late May, a shade shed should be set up to prevent the growth of seedlings due to high temperature sunburn. 4.2.3 Watering When the surface of the seedbed becomes white, water it in time, spray it before 9.00 am and after 17.00 pm, and the wet soil layer is limited to 10cm. Irrigation water The water quality should meet the requirements of GB 5084. 4.2.4 Seedling classification Table 1 Seedling specifications Seedling species seedling age Ground diameter (cm) Seedling height (cm) Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅰ Ⅱ Provincial and above Certified Breed 1 (1) -0 or 1 (1) -1 ≥0.6 ≥0.4 ≥50 ≥35 1 (2) -0 or 1 (2) -1 ≥0.8 ≥0.6 ≥80 ≥50 Note. 1 Seedling age. the first number indicates the number of years the seedlings are in place, the second number indicates the number of years of cultivation after transplantation, and the number is short Horizontal line spacing; the number in parentheses indicates the number of years of grafted seedlings.

5 Planting

5.1 Planting site selection The annual average temperature is 15 ℃ ～ 18 ℃, the annual precipitation is 1000 mm ～ 1500 mm, and the altitude is.200 m ～ 800 m. Good, hills or slopes with a slope not greater than 25º are suitable. The soil ranges from sandy loam to light clay, with a pH of 5.3 to 7.5 and a soil layer greater than 60 cm. Produce There must be no sources of atmospheric pollution around the ground, and the ambient air must comply with GB 3095. The quality of irrigation water must meet GB 5084. The soil must meet GB 15618. 5.2 Planting planning 5.2.1 Ecological cultivation According to local conditions, try to keep the original vegetation as much as possible. For the exposed parts, shade-resistant vegetation and legumes that consume water and have low fertility can be planted to protect Holding water and improving soil. 5.2.2 Weir Use the small stones in the forest to form a small platform 2m in the downhill direction of the pecan tree to retain water and soil. Excavation of rock ridges on slopes greater than 15o Move the soil to make a horizontal tree tray. 5.2.3 Building a reservoir Build 0.5m³ ~ 3m³ reservoirs in the forest, including cement ponds, plastic container ponds, plastic film ponds, etc. 5.3 Digging holes 5.3.1 Land preparation It should be carried out in November. Strip-shaped land preparation is adopted for less than 15o, and block-shaped land preparation is adopted for more than 15o, and the vegetation between the strips and around the block is preserved. 5.3.2 Digging The specification (length × width × depth) is 60cm × 60cm × 60cm, and each well is applied with fully decomposed farmhouse organic fertilizer 25 kg ～ 30 kg and 0.1 kg Supercalcium phosphate was used as the base fertilizer, and then the topsoil was returned to the acupoint and covered with soil for planting. 5.4 Colonization 5.4.1 Fixed value density The row spacing is 6 m × 6 m or 6 m × 5 m. 5.4.2 Setting time Pecan seedlings are best afforested immediately after deciduous leaves and before spring sprouts, generally at the end of October to mid-November or mid to late March to early April. 5.4.3 Planting methods Before planting, trim the overly long and split main root, and the main root length should not exceed 30 cm. 5.5 Young plantation 5.5.1 Replenishment The next year after reforestation, seedlings will be replenished, and the same age seedlings will be replanted. 5.5.2 Weeding Artificial weeding, weeding twice a year, from May to June, September to October, weeding weeds within 30 cm Adult weeding points are expanded 30 cm to 40 cm each year. 5.5.3 Fertilization Fertilization should not be applied in the current year. Fertilization should be carried out in the second and the second year from the second and the second half of August respectively. The two to three-year-old plants were compounded with 0.5 kg of compound fertilizer. Divided rotten farmhouse fertilizer 15 kg ～ 20 kg; 4 years later, 1.0 kg of compound fertilizer was applied to the plant, and rotten cooked farmhouse fertilizer 20 kg ～ 30 kg. Fertilization method is the same as 7.2.2.

6 Tree cultivation

6.1 Shaping It will be dry in the year of planting, with a height of 40cm ~ 60cm. After sprout, keep 2 to 4 main branches. Through topping, wiping buds, pulling branches, etc., Cultivate naturally open-hearted or trunk-layered trees. 6.2 Trim Hickory tree sprouts when the naked buds turn greenish green. Cut off dense branches, remove diseased branches and dead branches and remove burned in time. The trimming mouth is coated with antiseptic and paraffin to promote healing.

7 Forest management

7.1 Weeding and loosening Weeding and loosening should be carried out simultaneously. Manually weeding and clearing the forest land before harvesting, and weeding with systemic herbicides (such as glyphosate) are prohibited. 15o Forest The soil loosening is performed by a shovel and winter digging. The shovel is carried out after the rainy season, and the depth of the surface cutting grass and soil does not exceed 8 cm; winter excavation is in the dormant period after fruit harvest Proceed with a depth of 20 cm. 7.2 Fertilization 7.2.1 Fertilizer types Use compound fertilizer. The soil is fertile. When the trees grow vigorously, the proportion of N can be reduced, and the proportion of P and K can be increased. 7.2.2 Fertilizer application rate, time and method Table 2 Fertilizer application table time Unit/strain Compound fertilizer/organic fertilizer application Fertilizer/kg Account for total fertilization Quantity ratio Fertilization method 1 ～ 1.5/15 ～ 20 per plant per year. Gently dig a circular trench at 2/3 from the base of the canopy projection. Slope Dig a semi-circular ditch on the uphill of the tree, the depth of the ditch is about 20 cm, and the fertilizer is evenly distributed. Put it into the ditch, and then cover it with soil. Late May 0.4 ～ 0.6/6 ～ 8 40% End of August to mid-September 0.6 to 0.9/9 to 12 60% 7.3 Auxiliary pollination 7.3.1 Pollination time From late April to early mid-May, within 10 days of female flowers opening. 7.3.2 Pollen Collection Collect the male flowers that are about to loosen powder, place them in a place without direct sunlight to dry, collect the pollen, and put it in a low temperature of 2oC ~ 5oC for later use. Pollen retention No more than 10 days. 7.3.3 Pollination weather It will be carried out between 8.00 and 16.00 on a sunny day. If it rains within 12 hours after pollination, pollination should be re-pollinated. 7.3.4 Pollination methods Assist pollination. 7.4 Flowers and Fruits 7.4.1 Time The flowering period from the end of the month to the middle of May and the young fruit period from the end of May to the beginning of June. 7.4.2 Reagents Copper sulfate should be used for calcareous soil, and triacontanol should be used for other soils. 7.4.3 Concentration When spraying, the concentration of copper sulfate is 0.325 g/kg, and the concentration of triacontanol is 0.01 mg/kg ～ 1.00 mg/kg; when coated, the copper sulfate is 3.25 g/kg concentration, triacontanol concentration of 0.1 mg/kg (flowering) to 10.0 mg/kg (young fruiting). See Appendix A for the main work items of pecan cultivation and management

8 Pest control

See Appendix B for the harmful symptoms, control period and control methods of common pests and diseases.

Appendix A

(Informative appendix) Hickory Cultivation Management Worksheet Main phenological items I. dormant period (After falling leaves to before budding) 1. Applying base fertilizer and deep turning 2. Winter pruning, pulling branches, cutting and renewing, etc. Ⅱ. Germination stage (Naked buds sprout until inflorescences appear) 1. Replanting missing plants and transplanting sprouts; Grafting 3. Spring ploughing, irrigation and drainage 4. Topping and spring pruning 5. Control aphids Ⅲ. Flowering stage (Inflorescence elongated until young fruit appear) 1. Management after grafting, fertilizing, removing buds, topping, shading, etc. 2. Topdressing and weeding 3. Prevention and treatment of flower buds 4. Artificially assisted pollination 5. Prevention and treatment of dry rot Ⅳ. Fruit expansion period (Young fruit to harvest) 1. Watering and topdressing 2.Cultivation, weeding, shading 3. Topping and Summer Pruning 4. Untie the straps and help windbreak 5. Control of leaf-eating pests and dry worms 6. Prevention and cure of leaf blight, leaf spot, dry rot, etc. 7. Drought resistance, mooring protection, and irrigation 8. Clear the garden and prepare for harvest 9. Harvesting Pond Ⅴ. Deciduous period (After picking the fruit to the end of the leaf) 1. Autumn sowing seedling preparation, germination, sowing, drainage 2. Clean up dead branches, fallen leaves and overwintering pests 3. Applying base fertilizer 4. Planting young trees 5. Deep turning and rebuilding

Appendix B

(Informative appendix) Main pest control of pecan Disease name Department of Harm Bit, way Or symptoms Protection period Control method using the proportion note Matters larva adult Hickory Sky Club Edible leaf Early May to late June Mid to late July Mid to late August Early September to late October Mid april Late June Late July Late august spray Smoke aerosol, artificial Fixed mobile casting. Light traps adult 25% Guangzhi cream 2..5% fenthrin EC Dima 1. 1000 to.2000 1. 1500 1-2 kg/mu Use smoke Agent should be selected In the early morning No wind at night or Breeze or overcast Enter in rainy days Walnut Leopard Night Moth Ibid. Late May to early July Late July to early August Late August to mid September Early October to mid-October Late Mid-May Mid-July Mid august Middle and Lower September Ibid ibid ibid Ichigo Early June to mid July Early August to late September In mid-May, Late July Ibid ibid ibid Iris tungensis Mid-May to Late June Mid-July to Late August Late September to mid November Late April Mid-July Early September Eye spot moth ibid. Early and mid-June Early July, mid-July, August, Mid, early and mid September In late May, In late June, In late July, Late august Ibid ibid ibid Adult control Available lights Trapping Straight on the ground Take over Refers to the medicine spray kill. Sting Moth Ibid Late June to late August Late August to late September In late May, In early June, Mid-August Ibid ibid ibid Green-legged locust Qin Qin Ibid Mid-April to Late June Late May ~ Late July In early July, Early august Ground spray control Jump Dried straw with medicinal solution (3 kg) per mu 7-8 Heap, set grass Heap trap adult 2.5% top star 90% Crystal Dibai Fresh human dung Urine 1. 1500 ～.2000 0.25 kg 25 kg Disease name Department of Harm Bit, way Or symptoms Prophylaxis control method note matter Hickory aphid Stinging leaf buds And twigs Early April spray Punch injection spray 5% imidacloprid EC Matrine 1. 1000 ～ 1. 1 1. 1000 Coffee wood moth Larva borer branch Late July to late October Mid-June to July Mid-term Manual cleaning Punch injection Light traps adult Ibid. 1. 1 Liyuanyu Branches and leaves Stabbing hazard Mid-April to Early May Early June to mid July Mid-August to Mid-September Punch spray 5% imidacloprid EC 10% g milk oil, 20% quick kill Avermectin 1. 1 1. 400 to 500 1. 1000 to 1500 1. 1000 to 1500 Thrips and thrips sucking from early June to late August 20% spray mites 70% acaricid 1. 1000 to 1500 Pecan flower bud Stinging inflorescence And flower buds, Bend it Bending and swelling Early April to mid-late April Ground spray kill Insects 2 to 3 times,

3 days apart

Spray spray on flowers 20% Speed Kill 40% Chlorpyrifos Milk 1. 1000 to 1500 1. 800 ～ 1000 Must make medicine Agent penetrates bud Underground pest (Xiaodi Lao Tiger, tadpole) April to October Watering in a row Bait trap Kill by hand Light trap 25% rootworm net 50% phoxim Stir-fried cakes, sugar cane 10% slag Mosquito wettability Powder or 40% Chlorpyrifos emulsion 500 ～ 1000 times 1. 1000 Around 10. 1 Morning and night termite Ravenous root Cortex Early April to June September to October Buried soil trap termite attractant 15-20 packets per mu Follow the instructions Magnolia officinalis tree hole injection from July to November 50% acetomethylamine 1. 1 Pecan Dry rot Tree stream "Blackwater" Early April to late June Smear or spray Antibacterial agent "402" (80% ethyl allicin) 1. 100 to.200 Once every 7 days/3 Scrape After spraying or On the spot After the underline Respray effect Fruit is best Brown spot Foliar presentation Irregular brown Color spot Spray from late May to mid July 57.6% Crown Bacterial powder 50% carbendazim 1. 500 ～ 600 Same as above Red spot disease From the leaf margin, Leaf tip extension spread From the end of May to the middle of July, Ibid. Make the 100g powder 1. 500 ～ 600 Ibid. Pecan Blight From small branches Start to rough Sprawl Die Mid April to Mid May Same as above 70% methyltorb 25% sterilization king 1. 500 ～ 800 Same as above Pecan Root rot Root rot Darken Mid-April to Late June Watering the roots Timely drainage Furrow margin Isolation Ash and Potion Root Rot 15% copper triazole Wet powder 1. 300 1. 400 to 500 Ibid Pseudostem Blight Shoot down Spread individual Also available from Stem invasion Into the branches Blackened and dead Early to mid April to late May Spray 50% sterilization king 15% copper triazole Wet powder 1. 500 ～ 600 Once every 7 days/3 Rhizoctonia solani Seedling stems, Ye was injured. Seed rot Rotten stems and leaves Rotten Sudden death of Miao. April to May spray Timely drainage Root Rot 1. 400 Once every 7 days/3 White silk disease Rhizome Harm, whole plant Die June to August Spray 40% Irisporium net 1. 500 Once every 7 days/3

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