HJ 689-2014 (HJ689-2014) & related versions
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Limits and measurement methods for exhaust pollutants from diesel engines of urban vehicles (WHTC)
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HJ 689-2014
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Limit and Measurement Methods for Exhaust Pollutants from
Diesel Engines of Urban Vehicles (WHTC)
ISSUED ON: JANUARY 16, 2014
IMPLEMENTED ON: JANUARY 1, 2015
Issued by: Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 4
1 Application Scope ... 5
2 Normative References ... 5
3 Terminologies and Definitions ... 5
4 Type Approval and Application ... 6
5 Technical Requirements and Tests ... 6
6 Marking of Engine ... 8
7 Production Conformity ... 8
8 Engine Family ... 8
9 Implementation of Standard ... 8
Appendix A (Normative) WHTC Test Specification ... 10
Attachment AA (Normative) Set Specification of Engine Dynamometer in WHTC Test
Cycle ... 21
Appendix B (Normative) Type Approval Certificate ... 34
Attachment BA (Normative) Attachment of Type Approval Certificate ... 35
Limit and Measurement Methods for Exhaust Pollutants from
Diesel Engines of Urban Vehicles (WHTC)
1 Application Scope
This standard specifies the limits and measurement methods for exhaust pollutants from diesel
engines of urban vehicles (WHTC).
This standard is applicable to the type approval, production conformity inspection and in-service
conformity inspection of urban vehicles with the total mass greater than 3,500 kg and their diesel
engines.
2 Normative References
This standard makes reference to the following documents and the provisions in them, for undated
references, the latest editions are applicable to this standard.
GB 17691-2005 Limits and Measurement Methods for Exhaust Pollutants from Compression
Ignition and Gas Fuelled Positive Ignition Engines of Vehicles (III IV V)
HJ 437-2008 Technical Specification for On-board Diagnostic (OBD) System of
Compression Ignition and Gas Fuelled Positive Ignition Engines of Vehicles
HJ 438-2008 Durability of Emission Control Systems of Compression Ignition and Gas
Fuelled Positive Ignition Engines of Vehicles
HJ 439-2008 In-service Conformity of Compression Ignition and Gas Fuelled Positive
Ignition Engines of Vehicles
The modification plan of [2008 No.24] Announcement of the Ministry of Environmental
Protection "Limits and Measurement Methods for Exhaust Pollutants from Compression
Ignition and Gas Fuelled Positive Ignition Engines of Vehicles (III IV V)" (GB 17691-2005),
hereinafter referred to as "Modification Plan".
3 Terminologies and Definitions
For the purpose of this standard, the following terminologies and definitions and those established
in GB 17691-2005 apply.
3.1
WHTC test (World Harmonized Transient Cycle test)
It refers to the transient cycle including 1,800 working conditions transforming second by second
in the Appendix A of this standard.
3.2
Urban vehicles
It refers to the buses, mail cars and sanitation trucks operating in the city.
4 Type Approval and Application
4.1 Type approval application
For the new type vehicles or engines within the application scope of this standard, the vehicle or
engine (or family) manufacturing enterprise or its authorized agency shall propose the type
approval application to the type approval competent departments according to the requirements of
GB 17691-2005 and this standard, and shall complete the specified inspection items.
4.2 Type approval
If the vehicles or engines (family) within the application scope of this standard meet the
requirements of GB 17691-2005 and its "Modification Plan" as well as those specified in this
standard, the type approval shall be conducted and the type approval certificate in accordance with
Appendix B shall be issued.
5 Technical Requirements and Tests
5.1 Exhaust requirements of gaseous pollutants and particulate matters
For the engine or vehicle which is conducted with type approval according to this standard, the
WHTC cold starting and hot starting emission tests shall be conducted according to the test
procedures specified in Appendix A to determine the exhaust of gaseous pollutants and particulate
matters.
5.1.1 The results of exhaust pollutants measured by cold starting and hot starting tests shall be
weighted according to the following formula.
6 Marking of Engine
For the engine approved according to this standard, its mark shall meet the requirements of
Chapter 6 in GB 17691-2005, and the text "meeting the requirements of HJ 689-2014" also shall
be indicated on the nameplate.
7 Production Conformity
7.1 The manufacturing enterprise shall take measures to ensure the production conformity.
7.2 Production conformity inspection and judgment shall be conducted according to the
requirements of GB 17691-2005. Not only the corresponding technical requirements of GB
17691-2005, but also the WHTC exhaust pollutants shall be inspected, the calibration shall be
conducted according to deterioration coefficient or correction value to meet the limit requirements
specified in this standard.
8 Engine Family
The engines in same family shall not only meet the requirements of Chapter 9 in GB 17691-2005,
but also shall meet the requirements of this standard in the aspect having same emission control
strategies, measures and technical parameters [e.g., optimal control strategy and urea injection
strategy (Mapping adjustment), improving the catalyst activity, exhaust heat management, etc.],
and related materials shall be provided to the type approval organization to prove that it can reach
the same control effect.
9 Implementation of Standard
9.1 Type approval
The type approval of engines or vehicles within the application scope of this standard shall be
implemented from the issuance date of this standard.
9.2 Registration, sales and service
For the engines or vehicles within the application scope of this standard, from the date specified
in Table 2, the new vehicles failing to meet the requirements of this standard shall not be sold or
registered, and the new engines failing to meet the requirements of this standard shall not be sold
or put into service.
Table 2 -- Implementation Date for Registration, Sales and Service
Stage Stage IV Stage V
Implementation date January 1st, 2015 Being consistent with Stage V in GB 17691-2005
Appendix A
(Normative)
WHTC Test Specification
A.1 Overview
A.1.1 This appendix specifies the test specification for measuring the engine exhaust pollutants
by WHTC test cycle.
A.1.2 The test shall be carried out on the engine dynamometer rack.
A.1.3 Exhaust pollutants measuring system
This standard specifies two measuring principles with equivalent function:
- Gas components shall be measured by direct sampling method; particulate matters shall be
measured by fractional flow dilution system;
- Gas components and particulate matters shall be measured by full-flow dilution constant
volume sampling system (CVS system).
Both of the two principles may be used in WHTC test cycle, and the two principles may be
randomly combined (such as gas direct sampling measurement and particulate matter full flow
measurement).
The engine shall be operated according to the requirements of WHTC test cycle.
WHTC test cycle:
WHTC test cycle includes a group of standard percentage values (percentage in rated speed or
rated torque, refer to Attachment AA) of rotational speed and torque which vary second by second;
refer to Figure A.1 for WHTC test cycle. In order to conduct the test on engine test bench, convert
the percentage value into actual value according to the mapping curve of each engine so as to form
reference cycle. The test cycle shall be conducted according to the engine reference cycle and the
test shall be conducted. Operate the test cycle on the test bench according to the reference
rotational speed and torque value, and record the actual speed, torque and power. In order to
guarantee the test validity, regression analysis of actual speed, torque and power shall be
conducted by comparing the reference ones after completion of the test.
In order to calculate exhaust volume ratio, integrate the engine actual power of the complete cycle
so as to calculate the power of the actual cycle. In order to guarantee the test validity, the actual
cycle power must be within the specified limit value of reference cycle power.
As for gaseous pollutants, continuous record shall be made, or the gaseous pollutants shall be
engine shall be heated in the maximum power state for the purpose of stabilizing the engine
operation. After the engine operation is stable, the engine mapping shall be determined according
to the following procedures:
(a) The engine shall be unloaded and operated at idle speed;
(b) The engine shall be operated when the fuel injection pump is at full load and at the
minimum mapping rotational speed;
(c) The average increase rate of the engine from the minimum mapping rotational speed to
the maximum mapping rotational speed is (8±1) (r/min)/s. The engine speed and torque
shall be recorded at a sampling rate at least one point per second.
A.4.3 Alternative performance measurement
If the manufacturing plant considers that the above-mentioned engine mapping curve
determination technology is unsafe or cannot represent the engine, alternative engine mapping
curve determination technology may be adopted. Alternative engine mapping curve determination
technology must reach the purpose of the determination specification of the specified engine
mapping curve, i.e. the maximum effective torque capable of being generated within the
determined whole permissible rotational speed range of the engine. If the engine mapping curve
determination technology specified in this article is not adopted due to the safety or
representativeness reasons, it shall be approved by the type approval authority, and the rationality
of alternative method shall be described. As for turbocharged engine or governor controlled engine,
engine speed continuous deceleration method must not be adopted.
A.4.4 Repeated test
Before each test cycle, it is unnecessary to conduct engine mapping curve determination. In case
of the following conditions, engine mapping curve determination shall be conducted again before
test cycle:
- It is judged that it is too long since the last engine mapping curve determination according to
the engineering experience;
- The machine elements possibly influencing the engine performance changed or
calibrated/adjusted again.
A.5 Formation of reference test cycle
A.5.1 Actual rotational speed
Convert the standard value of rotational speed in Attachment AA into actual value by using the
Formula (A.1):
Actual speed= idleidlehipreftdardvalues nnnnnn 0327.21.045.045.0 0tan (A.1)
addition, carbon dioxide is frequently used as tracer gas to determine the dilution ratio of fractional
flow dilution to total flow dilution system.
The foregoing pollutants shall be inspected in designated test cycle process. The gaseous
components of complete cycle shall be determined according to the analyzer signal integration of
original exhaust or the CVS total flow dilution system integration of diluted exhaust or bag sample.
The particulate matters are sampled proportionally from the diluted exhaust through fractional
flow or total flow dilution system and placed on specific filter paper. According to the adopted
method, the diluted or non-diluted exhaust flow of the complete cycle shall be determined and
used to calculate the emission amount of pollutant mass. The mass of each kind of pollutant
emitted per kilowatt hour can be obtained by dividing the mass emission value by the engine
power calculated according to A.6.1.
A.7.2 Test preparation procedures
A.7.2.1 Engine preparation
The engine preparation includes engine performance inspection and system calibration, which
shall be carried out before engine mapping test.
A.7.2.2 Engine cooling
Natural or forced cooling method shall be adopted.
A.7.2.2.1 Natural cooling
The engine shall be put in a room at temperature of 293 ~303 K (20~30℃) in advance and for a
period of at least 6h until the temperature of engine lubricant, cooling fluid (if any) and after-
treatment system reaches the room temperature.
A.7.2.2.2 Forced cooling
A system shall be established according to good engine engineering experience to convey cold air
to pass through the engine, to force the cooling oil flow through the lubrication system of engine,
dissipate the heat of engine cooling system and after-treatment system. During the forced cooling
process of after-treatment device, cold air cannot be used for cooling unless the after-treatment
system has cooled to a temperature lower than the catalytic activation temperature. Cooling
procedure that may result in non-representative emission is not allowed.
A.7.2.3 Preparation of sampling filter paper, installation of measurement equipment, starting of
particulate matter sampling system, adjustment of dilution system and inspection of analyzer shall
be carried out according to those specified in Attachment BB in GB 17691-2005.
A.7.3 Cold starting procedure of engine
When the temperature of engine lubricant, cooling fluid and after-treatment system reaches 293
~303K (20~30℃), cold starting test can be carried out. The engine can be started by one of the
following methods:
(a) According to the suggestions in user operation manual, the engine should be started by
starting motor and adaptive storage battery or appropriate power supply;
(b) The engine shall be dragged by dynamometer and be controlled within ±25% of the
typical starting rotational speed. Dragging shall be stopped within 1s after engine starting.
If the engine fails to start after 15s, stop dragging and determine the reasons for starting
failure, unless the user operation manual or service maintenance manual describes that
long starting time is normal.
A.7.4 Cycle operation
The cycle operation of test shall be carried out according to the requirements of Attachment BB.3.8
in GB 17691-2005; therein, the test cycle shall adopt the reference cycle determined in A.5 of this
standard, and operation test cycle and sampling shall be commenced immediately after the engine
is started.
A.7.5 Hot starting test
A.7.5.1 Hit dipping
After the completion of cold starting test, hot dipping for (10±1) min shall be conducted
immediately and regarded as the pretreatment of engine hot starting test.
A.7.5.2 Engine starting procedure
After the hot dipping period defined in A.7.5.1, one of the two starting modes given in A.7.3 shall
be adopted to start the engine.
A.7.5.3 Cycle operation
The test cycle shall be operated according to those specified in A.7.4.
A.8 Measurement and sampling regulations
The measurement and sampling regulations shall comply with Attachment BD in GB 17691-2005.
A.9 Calibration regulations
The calibration regulations shall comply with Attachment BE in GB 17691-2005.
A.10 Analysis and sampling system
The analysis and sampling system shall comply with Appendix D in GB 17691-2005.
A.11 Calculation of pollutant emission amount
Appendix B
(Normative)
Type Approval Certificate
According to the requirements of ______ (name and SN of standard), the following vehicle /
independent technical assembly (engine type / engine family / components) 1) are conducted with
type approval / type approval extension 1).
Type approval No.:......... Type extension No.:...........
B.1 Overview
B.1.1 Brand of vehicle / independent technical assembly / components 1):......….
B.1.2 Name of manufacturing plant of vehicle / independent technical assembly / components
1):..........…
B.1.3 Model of vehicle / independent technical assembly / components 1):......…
B.1.4 Vehicle category:.......
B.1.5 Engine category: diesel engine / NG / LPG 1)
B.1.6 Name and address of the manufacturing plant:.......
B.2 Brief description (if applicable): see attachment:......
B.3 Inspection body responsible for test:............
B.4 Test report date:.......…..
B.5 Test report No.:..........
B.6 Basis of type approval extension:...........…
B.7 Remarks (if any): see Attachment BA.2
B.8 Place:....
B.9 Date:...
B.10 Signature:............
B.11 Type approval application data list:
1) Scratch out the one not applicable.
HJ 689-2014
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Limit and Measurement Methods for Exhaust Pollutants from
Diesel Engines of Urban Vehicles (WHTC)
ISSUED ON. JANUARY 16, 2014
IMPLEMENTED ON. JANUARY 1, 2015
Issued by. Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China
Table of Contents
Foreword... 4
1 Application Scope... 5
2 Normative References... 5
3 Terminologies and Definitions... 5
4 Type Approval and Application... 6
5 Technical Requirements and Tests... 6
6 Marking of Engine... 8
7 Production Conformity... 8
8 Engine Family... 8
9 Implementation of Standard... 8
Appendix A (Normative) WHTC Test Specification... 10
Attachment AA (Normative) Set Specification of Engine Dynamometer in WHTC Test
Cycle... 21
Appendix B (Normative) Type Approval Certificate... 34
Attachment BA (Normative) Attachment of Type Approval Certificate... 35
Limit and Measurement Methods for Exhaust Pollutants from
Diesel Engines of Urban Vehicles (WHTC)
1 Application Scope
This standard specifies the limits and measurement methods for exhaust pollutants from diesel
engines of urban vehicles (WHTC).
This standard is applicable to the type approval, production conformity inspection and in-service
conformity inspection of urban vehicles with the total mass greater than 3,500 kg and their diesel
engines.
2 Normative References
This standard makes reference to the following documents and the provisions in them, for undated
references, the latest editions are applicable to this standard.
GB 17691-2005 Limits and Measurement Methods for Exhaust Pollutants from Compression
Ignition and Gas Fuelled Positive Ignition Engines of Vehicles (III IV V)
HJ 437-2008 Technical Specification for On-board Diagnostic (OBD) System of
Compression Ignition and Gas Fuelled Positive Ignition Engines of Vehicles
HJ 438-2008 Durability of Emission Control Systems of Compression Ignition and Gas
Fuelled Positive Ignition Engines of Vehicles
HJ 439-2008 In-service Conformity of Compression Ignition and Gas Fuelled Positive
Ignition Engines of Vehicles
The modification plan of [2008 No.24] Announcement of the Ministry of Environmental
Protection "Limits and Measurement Methods for Exhaust Pollutants from Compression
Ignition and Gas Fuelled Positive Ignition Engines of Vehicles (III IV V)" (GB 17691-2005),
hereinafter referred to as "Modification Plan".
3 Terminologies and Definitions
For the purpose of this standard, the following terminologies and definitions and those established
in GB 17691-2005 apply.
3.1
WHTC test (World Harmonized Transient Cycle test)
It refers to the transient cycle including 1,800 working conditions transforming second by second
in the Appendix A of this standard.
3.2
Urban vehicles
It refers to the buses, mail cars and sanitation trucks operating in the city.
4 Type Approval and Application
4.1 Type approval application
For the new type vehicles or engines within the application scope of this standard, the vehicle or
engine (or family) manufacturing enterprise or its authorized agency shall propose the type
approval application to the type approval competent departments according to the requirements of
GB 17691-2005 and this standard, and shall complete the specified inspection items.
4.2 Type approval
If the vehicles or engines (family) within the application scope of this standard meet the
requirements of GB 17691-2005 and its "Modification Plan" as well as those specified in this
standard, the type approval shall be conducted and the type approval certificate in accordance with
Appendix B shall be issued.
5 Technical Requirements and Tests
5.1 Exhaust requirements of gaseous pollutants and particulate matters
For the engine or vehicle which is conducted with type approval according to this standard, the
WHTC cold starting and hot starting emission tests shall be conducted according to the test
procedures specified in Appendix A to determine the exhaust of gaseous pollutants and particulate
matters.
5.1.1 The results of exhaust pollutants measured by cold starting and hot starting tests shall be
weighted according to the following formula.
Where,
coldm - the mass of various exhaust pollutants in cold starting cycle, g/cycle;
6 Marking of Engine
For the engine approved according to this standard, its mark shall meet the requirements of
Chapter 6 in GB 17691-2005, and the text "meeting the requirements of HJ 689-2014" also shall
be indicated on the nameplate.
7 Production Conformity
7.1 The manufacturing enterprise shall take measures to ensure the production conformity.
7.2 Production conformity inspection and judgment shall be conducted according to the
requirements of GB 17691-2005.Not only the corresponding technical requirements of GB
17691-2005, but also the WHTC exhaust pollutants shall be inspected, the calibration shall be
conducted according to deterioration coefficient or correction value to meet the limit requirements
specified in this standard.
8 Engine Family
The engines in same family shall not only meet the requirements of Chapter 9 in GB 17691-2005,
but also shall meet the requirements of this standard in the aspect having same emission control
strategies, measures and technical parameters [e.g., optimal control strategy and urea injection
strategy (Mapping adjustment), improving the catalyst activity, exhaust heat management, etc.],
and related materials shall be provided to the type approval organization to prove that it can reach
the same control effect.
9 Implementation of Standard
9.1 Type approval
The type approval of engines or vehicles within the application scope of this standard shall be
implemented from the issuance date of this standard.
9.2 Registration, sales and service
For the engines or vehicles within the application scope of this standard, from the date specified
in Table 2, the new vehicles failing to meet the requirements of this standard shall not be sold or
registered, and the new engines failing to meet the requirements of this standard shall not be sold
or put into service.
Table 2 -- Implementation Date for Registration, Sales and Service
Stage Stage IV Stage V
Implementation date January 1st, 2015 Being consistent with Stage V in GB 17691-2005
Appendix A
(Normative)
WHTC Test Specification
A.1 Overview
A.1.1 This appendix specifies the test specification for measuring the engine exhaust pollutants
by WHTC test cycle.
A.1.2 The test shall be carried out on the engine dynamometer rack.
A.1.3 Exhaust pollutants measuring system
This standard specifies two measuring principles with equivalent function.
- Gas components shall be measured by direct sampling method; particulate matters shall be
measured by fractional flow dilution system;
- Gas components and particulate matters shall be measured by full-flow dilution constant
volume sampling system (CVS system).
Both of the two principles may be used in WHTC test cycle, and the two principles may be
randomly combined (such as gas direct sampling measurement and particulate matter full flow
measurement).
The engine shall be operated according to the requirements of WHTC test cycle.
WHTC test cycle.
WHTC test cycle includes a group of standard percentage values (percentage in rated speed or
rated torque, refer to Attachment AA) of rotational speed and torque which vary second by second;
refer to Figure A.1 for WHTC test cycle. In order to conduct the test on engine test bench, convert
the percentage value into actual value according to the mapping curve of each engine so as to form
reference cycle. The test cycle shall be conducted according to the engine reference cycle and the
test shall be conducted. Operate the test cycle on the test bench according to the reference
rotational speed and torque value, and record the actual speed, torque and power. In order to
guarantee the test validity, regression analysis of actual speed, torque and power shall be
conducted by comparing the reference ones after completion of the test.
In order to calculate exhaust volume ratio, integrate the engine actual power of the complete cycle
so as to calculate the power of the actual cycle. In order to guarantee the test validity, the actual
cycle power must be within the specified limit value of reference cycle power.
As for gaseous pollutants, continuous record shall be made, or the gaseous pollutants shall be
engine shall be heated in the maximum power state for the purpose of stabilizing the engine
operation. After the engine operation is stable, the engine mapping shall be determined according
to the following procedures.
(a) The engine shall be unloaded and operated at idle speed;
(b) The engine shall be operated when the fuel injection pump is at full load and at the
minimum mapping rotational speed;
(c) The average increase rate of the engine from the minimum mapping rotational speed to
the maximum mapping rotational speed is (8±1) (r/min)/s. The engine speed and torque
shall be recorded at a sampling rate at least one point per second.
A.4.3 Alternative performance measurement
If the manufacturing plant considers that the above-mentioned engine mapping curve
determination technology is unsafe or cannot represent the engine, alternative engine mapping
curve determination technology may be adopted. Alternative engine mapping curve determination
technology must reach the purpose of the determination specification of the specified engine
mapping curve, i.e. the maximum effective torque capable of being generated within the
determined whole permissible rotational speed range of the engine. If the engine mapping curve
determination technology specified in this article is not adopted due to the safety or
representativeness reasons, it shall be approved by the type approval authority, and the rationality
of alternative method shall be described. As for turbocharged engine or governor controlled engine,
engine speed continuous deceleration method must not be adopted.
A.4.4 Repeated test
Before each test cycle, it is unnecessary to conduct engine mapping curve determination. In case
of the following conditions, engine mapping curve determination shall be conducted again before
test cycle.
- It is judged that it is too long since the last engine mapping curve determination according to
the engineering experience;
- The machine elements possibly influencing the engine performance changed or
calibrated/adjusted again.
A.5 Formation of reference test cycle
A.5.1 Actual rotatio......
......
| Standard ID | HJ 689-2014 (HJ689-2014) | | Description (Translated English) | Limits and measurement methods for exhaust pollutants from diesel engines of urban vehicles (WHTC) | | Sector / Industry | Environmental Protection Industry Standard | | Classification of Chinese Standard | Z60 | | Word Count Estimation | 31,379 | | Quoted Standard | GB 17691-2005; HJ 437-2008; HJ 438-2008; HJ 439-2008; Department of Environmental Protection Notice No. 24 of 2008 | | Drafting Organization | Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences | | Administrative Organization | Department of Environmental Protection | | Regulation (derived from) | Department of Environmental Protection Notice No. 6 of 2014 | | Issuing agency(ies) | Ministry of Environmental Protection | | Summary | This Standard specifies the exhaust emission limits and measurement methods WHTC city vehicles with a diesel engine operating conditions law. This Standard applies to the total mass greater than 3500kg city vehicles equipped with diesel engines and type a |
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