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GB 18320-2008: Tri-wheel vehicles and low-speed goods vehicles -- Safety requirements
Status: Valid GB 18320: Evolution and historical versions
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Tri-wheel vehicles and low-speed goods vehicles -- Safety requirements
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GB 18320-2008
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| GB 18320-2001 | English | 479 |
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Agricultural vehicles -- Safety requirements
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Basic data | Standard ID | GB 18320-2008 (GB18320-2008) | | Description (Translated English) | Tri-wheel vehicles and low-speed goods vehicles -- Safety requirements | | Sector / Industry | National Standard | | Classification of Chinese Standard | T54 | | Classification of International Standard | 65.060 | | Word Count Estimation | 16,111 | | Date of Issue | 2008-12-31 | | Date of Implementation | 2009-10-01 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB 18320-2001 | | Regulation (derived from) | Announcement of Newly Approved National Standards No. 24 of 2008 (No. 137 overall) | | Issuing agency(ies) | General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China | | Summary | This Chinese standard specifies three cars and low-speed vehicles to prevent security incidents, to ensure pilots, maintenance personnel and passengers allowed personal safety of the basic technical requirements. This standard applies to three cars and low-speed vehicles. | GB 18320-2008: Tri-wheel vehicles and low-speed goods vehicles -- Safety requirements---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
Tri-wheel vehicles and low-speed goods vehicles.Safety requirements
ICS 65.060
T54
National Standards of People's Republic of China
Replacing GB 18320-2001
Three-wheeled vehicles and low-speed vehicles - Safety requirements
Posted 2008-12-31
2009-10-01 implementation
Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of People's Republic of China
Standardization Administration of China released
Foreword
All the technical contents of this standard is mandatory.
This standard is GB 18320-2001 amendment, compared with GB 18320-2001 main modifications are as follows.
--- Standard name from "farm vehicles safety technical requirements" to "three-wheeled vehicles and low-speed vehicle safety technical requirements";
--- The "three farm vehicles" was renamed "three cars", the "four-wheel farm vehicles" was renamed "low-speed vehicles";
--- Unset content;
--- Adjust the maximum depth of the seat;
--- Adjust the maximum amount of free rotation indicator steering wheel;
--- Clear the installation location require external lighting and signaling devices;
--- Modified side protection and rear underrun protection requirements;
--- Clear low speed measurement requirements under the truck load and full load state of emergency braking performance;
--- Increased three-wheeled vehicles and low-speed vehicles speed requirements;
--- Clear determination of the requirements of diesel engine exhaust emission limits;
--- Clear instructions for use to write content.
Since the implementation of this standard replaces GB 18320-2001.
The standard proposed by China Machinery Industry Federation.
This standard by the National Standardization Technical Committee of farm vehicles.
This standard was drafted. farm vehicles Machinery Industry Development Research Center, the National Quality Supervision and Inspection Center of farm machinery, Shandong Shifeng (set
Group) Co., Ltd., Shandong five levy Group Co., Ltd.
The main drafters. Zhang Xian Sheng, Tang Guangping, Jinsuo Fang, Lin Lianhua, Wang Xia people.
This standard superseded standard previously issued as follows.
--- GB 18320-2001.
Three-wheeled vehicles and low-speed vehicles - Safety requirements
1 Scope
This standard specifies the three-wheeled vehicles and low-speed vehicles to prevent accidents, ensure the driver, passengers and prospective maintenance personnel personal
Secure basic technical requirements.
This standard applies to three-wheeled vehicles and low-speed vehicles.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this standard and become the standard terms. For dated references, subsequent
Amendments (not including errata content) or revisions do not apply to this standard, however, encourage the parties to the agreement are based on research
Whether the latest versions of these documents. For undated reference documents, the latest versions apply to this standard.
GB 7258 Safety requirements for operation of motor vehicles
Combustion characteristics of automotive interior materials GB 8410
GB 9969.1 Instructions General Industrial Products
GB 10395.1 Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry - Safety requirements - Part 1. General (GB 10395.1-2001, eqv ISO 4254-
1. 1989)
GB 10396 agricultural and forestry tractors and machinery, lawn and garden equipment - Safety signs and hazard pictorials - General principles (GB 10396-
2006, ISO 11684.1995, MOD)
GB 11567.1 car and trailer side protection requirements
GB 11567.2 car and trailer rear underrun protection requirements
GB 18321 farm vehicles, noise limits
GB 18322 farm vehicles free acceleration smoke emission limits and measurement methods
GB/T 19118 farm vehicles, noise measurement method
GB/T 19119 farm vehicles, installation of lighting and signaling devices prescribed
GB/T 19120 architecture, performance and test methods for farm vehicles braking system
Symbol GB/T 19122 farm vehicles, controls, indicators and telltales
GB/T 19124 farm vehicles headlamps
GB/T 19127 farm vehicles, vehicle identification mark
GB/T 19129 farm vehicles horn performance requirements and test methods
GB/T 19131 farm vehicles license plates (frame) and its location
GB/T 19133 farm vehicles, the maximum angle of roll stability test method
GB/T 19134 farm vehicles mirrors the performance and installation requirements
GB 19151 vehicles with warning triangle
GB 19756 wheel vehicles and low-speed vehicles with a diesel engine exhaust emission limits and measurement methods (China Ⅰ, Ⅱ stage)
GB 19757 wheel vehicles and low-speed vehicles with vehicle acceleration noise limits and measurement methods (China Ⅰ, Ⅱ stage)
JB/T 7235 Test methods for four-wheel farm truck
JB/T 7237 Farm Fransport Test Method
JB/T 7736 four-wheel farm truck reliability assessment
JB/T 10195 farm vehicles using manual preparation of rules
JB/T 50096 Farm Fransport reliability for the evaluation approach
3 Danger List
Dangerous and low-speed trucks and three-wheeled vehicles related to Table 1.
Table 1 Danger List
No. dangerous relevant provisions
1 Mechanical hazards
Risk of crushing 1.1 4.2.1 ~ 4.2.4,4.4.6
1.2 Cut 4.2.1 ~ 4.2.4 danger
1.3 winding danger 4.2.1,4.2.5,4.6.6
1.4 introduce or involved in dangerous 4.6.4,4.6.6
1.5 Shock hazard 4.4.3,4.4.6,4.6.1,4.6.3
1.6 puncture or pricks dangerous 4.2.1,4.2.6.2
High pressure fluid ejection hazard 4.7 1.7
1.8 machine unstable/rollover danger 4.3,4.4.2,4.4.3.5,4.4.4
1.9 and related mechanical slip, dumping, fall risk 4.2.4,4.2.6.1
2 thermal hazards 4.8
3 4.9 Electrical Hazard
4 noise hazard 4.12
Dangerous or exclude materials and substances used to produce the 5
5.1 dangerous contact or inhalation of harmful gases, fumes caused 4.9.1,4.13
5.2 dangerous fire 4.2.7,4.7
Dangerous 5.3 Battery 4.9.1
6 By ignoring danger Ergonomic generated (mechanical and human traits and capacities do not match) at design time
6.1 unhealthy or dangerous attitude laborious operation generated 4.2.2 ~ 4.2.4,4.4.2,4.4.3.2,4.4.5
6.2 consider the risk of inappropriate human arm or leg foot structure generated 4.2.2 ~ 4.2.4
6.3 undue risk of inadequate lighting or illumination produces 4.5
6.4 4.2.6.3,4.5,4.6.1,4.6.2 dangerous work position resulting from inadequate visibility
Dangerous 6.5 operating mechanism/position control means inappropriate produced 4.2.2 ~ 4.2.5,4.4.2,4.4.5.1
6.6 4.2.4,4.4.1 dangerous misuse generated
7 dangerous security-related measures/means lack and/or does not generate the correct position
Various types of protective equipment 4.6 7.1
All kinds of safety devices 7.2 4.6
7.3 4.4.1 Start and stop means
Various types of information or warning device 7.4 4.5
7.5 Safety signs and signals 4.5,6.3
7.6 power cutoff means 4.4.1,4.4.5
8 dangerous improper or inadequate use of information generated 4.2.4,4.4.1,4.4.5.3,4.4.6,6
9 various combinations of danger
9.1 loose fasteners, the risk of loss resulting 4.4.4
Dangerous 9.2 steering control system failure, malfunction resulting 4.4,4.10
9.3 machinery can not effectively slow down, stop and fixed dangers arising 4.4.3,4.11
4 safety requirements and measures
4.1 General Requirements
4.1.1 three-wheeled vehicles and low-speed vehicle design, manufacturing should ensure the safe operation of the vehicle. In accordance with the manufacturer product instructions normal operation
When maintenance and unreasonable danger should not exist.
4.1.2 three-wheeled vehicles and low-speed trucks used parts shall comply with the national standards, industry standards, in accordance with prescribed procedures
Approved products manufacturing drawings and technical documents.
4.1.3 three-wheeled vehicles and low-speed vehicles should be consistent with GB 7258 technical requirements.
4.2 driver working position
4.2.1 cab interior space
There should be no cab interior may give rise to an acute injury, Lee ribs or sharp projections.
4.2.2 Seat
Rear seat with adjacent components, each side of the junction of the seat back may not have to cut and squeeze at.
Seats should have sufficient strength and rigidity, fixed and reliable, comfortable ride. The minimum amount of adjustment adjustable seat level (longitudinal) direction should
Is ± 50mm. Seat (position) adjustment, there should be a crushing hazard.
The maximum width of the seat should not be less than 400mm, maximum depth of not less than 400mm.
4.2.3 steering wheel (the direction)
Steering wheel (the direction) should be located in the center seat (position) longitudinal central plane, offset in any case shall be not more than 50mm. turn
The disc (the direction) and the gap between adjacent parts shall not be less than 80mm.
4.2.4 operating mechanism
Steering wheel (the direction), the shift lever, pedals, handles and switches and other control mechanism should be reasonably arranged and configured so that the driver's seat on energy security
Full and easy control and operation. In addition to the role of very clear, but should be on or near the operating mechanism durability signs clearly marked its power
Energy, operating direction. Operational flag symbol and the background should have a clear color. Easy to use instructions should be given all of the operating mechanism
Understandable and detailed instructions.
Pedal, running boards should adopt anti-slip.
You may not have to cut and squeeze at the steering mechanism in the area operation, operating force 50N or greater operating mechanism (not including the steering wheel or party
To put) should be not less than around 50mm gap, the operating force of less than 50N around the steering mechanism shall be not less than 25mm gap, according to
Buttons/Switches operating mechanism as long as the danger of misuse is not adjacent to the control mechanism exists, no clearance requirements described above.
4.2.5 out of the cab channel
And out of the driver's seat of the channel should be smooth, minimum width of 250mm, the channel should not affect the driver through the steering mechanism. car
When the door is opened, the door upper channel width of three cars should not be less than 450mm, low-speed trucks should not be less than 550mm, the lower channel width
Of not less than 250mm.
4.2.6 body, doors and windows
4.2.6.1 wheel vehicles and low-speed vehicle technical condition of the body should be able to ensure normal working conditions for the driver, car body and cab
Rack installation should be firm, not because of the vibration of the vehicle caused by loose. For reversible cab, the cab shall locking means (such as safety
Hook), and flipped near the operating mechanism is easy to see how the site should alert the driver to the proper use of safety signs in the text and the operating mechanism.
4.2.6.2 wheel vehicles and low-speed vehicles may not have their own doors open phenomenon. Doors and windows should be having a national compulsory safety certification mark
Full glass.
4.2.6.3 wheel vehicles and low-speed truck cab must ensure that the front view and side driver's vision. All the window glass is not allowed
Posted mirror reflection shade film.
4.2.7 interior materials
Cab interior flame retardant materials should meet the requirements of GB 8410.
4.3 Vehicle Stability
4.3.1 After three cars and low-speed vehicles suspension shall not exceed 55% of the wheelbase, low-speed trucks enclosed car rear overhang must not exceed wheelbase
65%.
4.3.2 under no-load and full-load conditions, the steering shaft axle load (steering wheel or wheel bearing) ratio and the maximum permissible total vehicle curb weight and mass of
Three-wheeled vehicles can not be less than 18%; low-speed trucks must not be less than 20%.
4.3.3 under no-load quiescent state, to the left and right tilt angle of maximum roll stability should not be less than three cars 25 °; for low-speed vehicles
Not less than 35 °.
4.4 steering control system
4.4.1 start switch and throttle control mechanism
Function start switch each location, direction of operation should be clearly marked, and obviously with the background color. Three-wheeled vehicles and low-speed trucks
Starter switch should not rely on the force applied by the driver can be sustained in a stalled position. When in a stalled position, only by artificial returned to normal position
Set behind the starter again.
On the driver's seat should be able to start multi-cylinder diesel engine fitted with low-speed vehicles.
Diesel engine shutdown device must be flexible and effective, the driver in the seat should allow three-wheeled vehicles and low-speed vehicles stall.
Engine throttle control mechanism should ensure the stable operation of the engine within the entire speed range.
4.4.2 Steering System
4.4.2.1 three-wheeled automobile steering wheel (the direction) should not be set on the right side of the steering wheel low-speed trucks must be set on the left.
The maximum amount of rotation of the steering wheel 4.4.2.2 free three-wheeled vehicles shall not exceed 45 °; low-speed vehicles shall not exceed 30 °.
4.4.2.3 The steering wheel (the direction of) rotation should be flexible, easy to manipulate, no blocking phenomenon. Three-wheeled vehicles and low-speed vehicles steering limit should be set
Means. Steering system in any operating position, it does not allow interference with other components.
4.4.2.4 three car steering wheel left or right angle not greater than 45 °; low-speed truck wheel alignment should be consistent with the relevant technical vehicle
Condition, wheel alignment values should be indicated in the product description. Non-independent suspension on the front axle using low-speed truck, which steering wheel lateral slip
Amount, with sliding table when sliding test values should be ± 5m/between km.
4.4.2.5 Low-speed truck turned backward rotation should automatically back positive. Low-speed trucks should moderate understeer characteristics.
4.4.2.6 wheel vehicles and low-speed vehicles on a flat, hard, dry and clean with cement or asphalt roads to 10km/h speed
Degrees along the helix to within 5s transition from straight running of the circumference with a radius of 12m, the biggest cut is applied to the outer edge of the steering wheel is not to force
Larger than 245N.
4.4.3 Brake System
4.4.3.1 wheel vehicles and low-speed vehicles should have an independent and reliable service brake system and parking brake system. Low-speed trucks should have an emergency system
Scrolling.
4.4.3.2 service brake when generating the maximum braking effect pedal force should not exceed 700N, the parking brake is applied to the operating device
Force. Hand operated should not exceed 600N; foot manipulation should not exceed 700N. Pedal stroke and stroke reserve parking manipulation device shall comply with the
Product standards.
All low-speed vehicles wheels 4.4.3.3 should be installed brake, the service brake system shall dual pipeline or pipeline, when a part of the pipeline failure, left
I still maintain braking efficiency of more than 30% of the original specified value. The brake must wear compensation device.
4.4.3.4 In the service brake performance under specified conditions shall meet the following requirements.
a) under specified conditions road test examination braking distance and braking stability shall conform to Table 2.
Table 2 braking distance and braking stability requirements
Vehicle Type
Braking initial speed
km/h
Full braking distance test requirements
No-load test braking distances
Road test track width
Three-wheeled vehicles 20 ≤5.0 2.5
The total mass of not more than 3500kg of low-speed vehicles 30 ≤9.0 ≤8.0 2.5
The total mass greater than 3500kg of low-speed vehicles 30 ≤10.0 ≤9.0 3.0
b) low-speed vehicles at no-load and full-load conditions, listed in Table 3 for emergency braking initial speed performance test, the emergency braking performance shall comply
Fit the requirements of Table 3.
Table 3 emergency braking performance requirements of low-speed vehicles
Braking initial speed
km/h
Braking distance
Mean fully developed deceleration of
m/s2
Allow the operating force should not exceed
Hand operated foot operated
30 ≤20.0 ≥2.2 600 700
c) three-wheeled vehicles and low-speed vehicles in a predetermined condition resignation braking test shall comply with inspection requirements of Table 4.
Table 4 test test braking requirements
Vehicle Type
The sum of the percentage of the braking force and vehicle mass percentage of braking force and axle load
Front axle rear axle load full load
Three cars ≥45 - ≥60a
The total mass of not more than 3500kg of low-speed vehicles ≥60 ≥50 ≥60a ≥20a
The total mass greater than 3500kg of low-speed vehicles ≥60 ≥50 ≥60a -
Braking force balance requirements
In the braking force at the same time the whole process of growth measured left and right wheel braking force difference between the maximum value, and the whole process measured around the axis
Round maximum braking force is greater than the on the front axle should not exceed 20% of the braking force to the rear axle shaft axle shall not be less than the 60%
When should not exceed 24%; when the rear axle braking force is less than 60% of the axle load, the braking force in the whole process of growth simultaneously measured
Left and right wheel braking force shall not exceed the difference between the maximum axle load of 8%
Under a no-load and full-load status test shall meet this requirement.
4.4.3.5 wheel vehicles and low-speed vehicles parking brake performance under specified conditions shall meet the following requirements.
Road Test Inspection. the required operating forces and no-load status, parking brake should enable the three-wheeled vehicles and low-speed vehicles, even in the absence of driving
The case of members, by mechanical means locking the working parts, and to ensure that three-wheeled vehicles and low-speed vehicles in slope of 20%, between the tire and road surface
Ramp coefficient of adhesion of not less than 0.7 of the positive and negative directions remain stationary for a time of not less than 5min.
Bench tests. unladen vehicle, ride a driver, use the parking brake means the sum of the braking force should be not less than parking the car in the test form
20% of the state of vehicle quality.
4.4.3.6 test after test after Taiwan have questioned its service brake performance, can be retested test road test, road test and full test knot
Fruit prevail. When questioned its parking brake performance, can be retested test road test, road test and the test results shall prevail.
4.4.4 running gear
Three-wheeled vehicles and low-speed trucks same shaft should be the same tire size and tread, tire size should be consistent with the provisions of the vehicle manufacturer's factory.
Tire load should not exceed the rated load of the tire, the tire pressure should be consistent with the required pressure when subjected to a load of the tire. Wheel Nut and half
Complete shaft nut should be complete, and should be required tightening torque.
4.4.5 Drive Train
4.4.5.1 wheel vehicles and low-speed trucks must be placed in the driver's left foot clutch pedal is easy to manipulate the position of the clutch engagement should be flat
Steady, thorough separation. Clutch pedal operating force should not exceed 300N, free travel should be consistent with the corresponding product standards.
4.4.5.2 when shifting the transmission gear engagement should be flexible, interlocking, self-locking and reverse gear locking device should be effective, it does not allow random stop and stop now own jump
Like; the operation should be no abnormal noise; the shift lever and the transmission lever should not interfere with other parts. Shift lever operating force shall comply with the relevant product standard
Provisions.
4.4.5.3 There must be a driver in the shift lever on the driver's seat easy identification transmission gear position. If the shift lever is difficult
Arrangement should be arranged in the vicinity of the shift lever is easy to see the site.
4.4.6 dump device
After the dump truck should be set to lift the state of repair of mechanical locking devices, Tipper rollover state transport locking device should also be set. locking
Device should be reliably locked. Instructions should be given Tipper controls and the use of locking devices.
4.5 lighting, signaling devices and other electrical equipment
4.5.1 three the number of external lighting and signaling devices for automobiles and low-speed vehicles, position, light color, should meet the minimum geometric visibility
GB/T 19119 requirements. Symmetrically arranged, function the same light color and brightness of the lamp should not have obvious differences. Lighting and signaling devices
Any one line fails, do not allow interfere with the normal work of other lines.
4.5.2 wheel vehicles and low-speed trucks each beam headlight beam luminous intensity shall meet the requirements of Table 5.
Table 5 beam headlight beam luminous intensity unit candela minimum requirements
Vehicle Type
Newly registered vehicles in the car
A lamp made two lamp system made a four-lamp system lights two lamps made four-lamp system
Low-speed trucks for sale - 10000 8000--80006000
Three cars 80006000--6000 5000 -
Considered as eligible four-lamp system of three-wheeled vehicles and low-speed vehicles, in which two symmetrical lamp reaches two lamp system requirements. Note.
4.5.3 three-wheeled vehicles and low-speed vehicles due far headlamp low beam transforming means, and when the light beam into nearly all should be able to simultaneously beam
Off. With a three-wheeled car headlights and low-speed trucks are not allowed on the left and the far right, near bright lights crossbar. Headlamp low beam
When the lights up and down side by side, near light should be on the side of the beam lights other cases should be located outside. All headlight beam shall dizzy
Head. Other requirements of the headlamp shall comply with GB/T 19124 of.
4.5.4 The hazard warning signal device should have low-speed vehicles, the operating device should uncontrolled lighting master switch. Turn signals and hazard warning
The lights flash frequency is 1.5Hz ± 0.5Hz, starting time should be less than 1.5s. In addition to turn signals, hazard warning signals,
Other external lighting flashes allowed.
4.5.5 three-wheeled vehicles and low-speed vehicles must be fitted with reflectors; low-speed vehicles longer than 6m vehicle shall be fitted with side reflectors and side marker
light. Reflectors should be firmly connected to the vehicle, and should be able to ensure that at night when it is irradiated with 150m right behind the vehicle headlamp, the irradiation position
You will be able to confirm its position reflected light. Three-wheeled vehicles and low-speed vehicles should be GB 7258 set body reflective logo on the side and rear.
4.5.6 should be set on the dashboard instrument lights, the instrument lights, instrument panel should be according to clear all the instruments and shall not dazzle. Fitted with a multi-cylinder
Low-speed diesel truck instrument panel should be set up to adapt to the traveling direction of the turn indicator signal and a blue beam indicator signal.
4.5.7 three front position lamp cars and low-speed trucks, rear position lamps, license plate lamps and instrument lights should be able to open and close at the same time, when the engine and headlights turned off
Still lit the flame.
4.5.8 three front cars and low-speed trucks, rear turn signals, hazard warning signal and brake lights during the day should be able to at 100m from its Concept
Observed their working conditions, while rear position lights at night in good weather 300m from its place should be able to observe their working conditions; rear registration plate lamp night weather
At 20m from its place should be able to see the license plate number. Brake light emission intensity should be significantly larger than the rear position lamp.
4.5.9 three-wheeled vehicles and low-speed vehicles to be provided with a continuous horn sounding function, their work should be reliable. Three-wheeled vehicles and low-speed trucks La
A pair of the sound level from the car in front of 2m, 1.2m high when measured from the ground, its value should be 90dB (A) ~ 115dB (A).
4.5.10 three cars, fitted with low-speed vehicle shall be equipped with single cylinder diesel engine oil pressure gauge (or oil pressure indicator), water temperature (evaporation
Except type water cooling system), or charging ammeter indicator; cylinder diesel engines fitted with low-speed trucks should be fitted with the water table or water temperatur...
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