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WS/T 700-2020: (Technical specifications for preventive disinfection in flood-stricken areas)
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(Technical specifications for preventive disinfection in flood-stricken areas)
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WS/T 700-2020
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Basic data | Standard ID | WS/T 700-2020 (WS/T700-2020) | | Description (Translated English) | (Technical specifications for preventive disinfection in flood-stricken areas) | | Sector / Industry | Health Industry Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | C50 | | Word Count Estimation | 14,166 | | Date of Issue | 2020-07-23 | | Date of Implementation | 2020-07-23 | | Regulation (derived from) | State-health communication (2020) No. 15 | | Issuing agency(ies) | National Health Commission | WS/T 700-2020: (Technical specifications for preventive disinfection in flood-stricken areas)---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
(Technical specifications for preventive disinfection in flood-stricken areas)
ICS 11.080
C 50
WS
People's Republic of China Health Industry Standard
Technical specifications for preventive disinfection in flood-stricken areas
Technical regulation for preventive disinfection in flood and waterlogged area
2020-07-23 release
2020-07-23 implementation
Issued by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China
Table of contents
Foreword...II
1 Scope...1
2 Normative references...1
3 Terms and definitions...1
4 Principles of preventive disinfection in flood-stricken areas...2
5 Disinfection methods for various disinfection objects...2
6 Disinfection quality control...4
7 Monitoring and evaluation of disinfection effect...4
Appendix A (Normative Appendix) Disinfection of drinking water in flood-stricken areas...6
Appendix B (Normative Appendix) Preventive Disinfection Procedure...8
Appendix C (informative appendix) Work record table format...10
Foreword
This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
Drafting organizations of this standard. Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Environmental and Health Related Product Safety Institute,
Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Heilongjiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Provincial Health and Family Planning Supervision
Supervision.
The main drafters of this standard. Lin Liwang, Zhang Liubo, Ban Haiqun, Xu Yan, Yue Musheng, Lin Ling, Chen Luyao, Chen Zuyi, Chen Jian, Ao
Zhixiong.
Technical specifications for preventive disinfection in flood-stricken areas
1 Scope
This standard specifies the treatment principles of preventive disinfection in flood-stricken areas, disinfection methods for various disinfection objects, disinfection quality control, and disinfection effects
Monitoring and evaluation.
This standard is applicable to preventive disinfection and disinfection effect evaluation in flood-stricken areas.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated reference documents, only the dated version applies to this document.
For undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB 5749 Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water
GB/T 5750 Standard Test Method for Drinking Water
GB 14934 Food Safety National Standard Sterilized Meal (Drinking) Utensils
GB 19193 General rules for disinfection of foci
GB 27950 General requirements for hand disinfectants
GB 27952 General requirements for surface disinfectants for ordinary objects
GB 27953 General requirements for disinfectants in foci
GB 37488 Hygienic indicators and limit requirements for public places
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1
Flood and waterlogging disaster
Flooding or flooding caused by natural factors such as heavy rain, sharp melting snow, storm surges, etc.
Disasters caused by poor drainage.
3.2
Flood and waterlogged area
The overall area that needs sanitation and disinfection treatment due to the destruction of the original sanitary condition due to flood disaster.
3.3
Trash-cleaning
Relying on mechanical methods to remove dirt, that is, to eliminate the dirt, sludge, sludge,
The process of removing garbage and animal carcasses.
3.4
Sanitary treatment
Measures taken to prevent the occurrence and spread of diseases, including sanitary measures such as cleaning and disinfection.
3.5
Preventive disinfection
Disinfection of items and places that may be contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms in flood-stricken areas.
4 Principles of preventive disinfection in flood-stricken areas
4.1 According to the needs of the prevention of infectious diseases, clean and sanitation and preventive disinfection should be carried out in a timely manner to eliminate the impact of floods.
The adverse effects of human health.
4.2 Develop an epidemic prevention and disinfection plan based on the disaster situation and the risk of local infectious diseases, and determine the scope and object of disinfection based on the scope of possible contamination by pathogens.
4.3 The disinfection work should be carried out by relevant units and personnel under the guidance of disinfection professionals, and the disinfection effect should be reliable, simple and easy to be selected as far as possible.
A disinfection method that is safe for humans and animals and does not seriously pollute the environment. The staff should understand the use methods and precautions of various disinfectants.
Make sure to implement disinfection measures. Personnel engaged in on-site cleaning and disinfection should pay attention to personal protection, and prevent irrelevant personnel from entering the disinfection area when performing on-site disinfection.
4.4 Under normal circumstances, the external environment is mainly decontaminated, and the key areas should be disinfected after decontamination. The large amount of garbage generated by cleaning up pollution should be timely
Qingyun, dumping in the river is strictly prohibited. Generally, it is not necessary to conduct inspections on the environment, traffic roads, road surfaces, vehicles, tents, etc. outside the disaster area without disinfection indications.
Spray disinfection to prevent the occurrence of excessive disinfection.
4.5 Strengthen the disinfection work in key areas, and the resettlement sites, hospitals, schools, kindergartens, bazaars, etc. are closely related to people's life and work.
The relevant places are the key areas of environmental sanitation and disinfection work. The indoor environment and surface of objects in key places are disinfected after cleaning, and the air is ventilated
The indoor environment and surface of objects in crowded places can be disinfected regularly. The flooded water sources, toilets, and livestock breeding places should also be fully disinfected.
4.6 Protect water sources, pay attention to the safety of drinking water, do a good job in the disinfection of drinking water and water quality monitoring in the disaster-affected areas; do a good job of eating (drinking) utensils, fruits and vegetables
Vegetable disinfection and cleaning work.
4.7 Clean up animal carcasses in time and do harmless treatment.
4.8 Remove and dispose of daily garbage and feces in time. Special personnel should be responsible for the temporary toilets and garbage collection points set up,
Sanitary management of feces and garbage disinfection, removal and transportation, when necessary, use sanitary insecticides to control the breeding of flies.
4.9 Strengthen the monitoring of diarrhea and fever symptoms in the disaster area. If an epidemic situation is found, the epidemic spot should be disinfected in time. Epidemic spot disinfection according to GB 27953,
GB 19193 related requirements are carried out.
4.10 When necessary, the disinfection effect inspection and evaluation shall be carried out in the key areas of disinfection such as the centralized resettlement points of the victims and the centralized water supply.
Qualified laboratory personnel will be tested.
4.11 Preventive disinfection can be terminated only after the disaster returns to normalcy or through preventive disinfection to determine the elimination of health effects.
5 Disinfection methods for various disinfection objects
5.1 Environment
5.1.1 Thoroughly clean the environment indoors and outdoors to improve environmental hygiene. Thorough sanitation treatment of the indoor and outdoor environments that have suffered disasters,
It should be cleaned, disinfected, and moved back to eliminate as much as possible the hidden dangers that cause the epidemic.
5.1.2 Available chlorine 500 mg/L chlorine disinfectant can be used on the surfaces, walls and floors of homes, streets, communities, resettlement sites and other places.
Or.200 mg/L chlorine dioxide, or 1000 mg/L peroxyacetic acid for spraying and wiping disinfection for 30 minutes; if other disinfectants are used
Can refer to GB 27952.Temporary resettlement sites are regularly disinfected 1 to 2 times a day during the opening period; if there is no epidemic situation, there is no need to
For spray disinfection of disinfectants, indoor air circulation should be maintained, and natural ventilation should be the main method. Mechanical ventilation can be used in poorly ventilated places.
5.2 Drinking water
5.2.1 Centralized water supply and undamaged water plants shall be implemented in accordance with GB 5749, and the monitoring of source water and peripheral water shall be strengthened. In Hong
During the flooding disaster, the water plant should promptly use or increase the use of coagulants and disinfectants in accordance with the changes in the water quality of the source water to ensure the effluent
The quality meets the requirements of GB 5749.
5.2.2 The first choice for water purification disinfection equipment at centralized water supply points where conditions permit is the first choice for drinking water disinfection. Temporary centralized water supply facilities and equipment should be
Add drinking water disinfectant. When using chlorine-containing disinfectant, after 30 minutes of action, the residual chlorine at the outlet should not be less than 0.3 mg/L. Use two
During chlorine oxide treatment, the residual chlorine at the outlet should not be less than 0.1 mg/L.
5.2.3 If tank trucks (such as fire trucks, water trucks for greening projects, sprinklers, etc.) are used for temporary water supply, they should be filled with those that meet the requirements of GB 5749
Water, tank trucks should be cleaned and disinfected before use every day.
5.2.4 Distributed water supply, such as those who directly take water from rivers, rivers, canals, streams, ponds, wells, springs and other water sources, can be based on the water source
Use chlorine-containing disinfectants for disinfection. Under the guidance of professionals, refer to the disinfectant instructions to control the amount of disinfectant and contact time. With
Body disinfection methods are shown in Appendix A. Water supply to wells contaminated by floods should be stopped immediately, after the water recedes, they should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected to restore their pre-disaster conditions
Water supply can be restored.
5.2.5 Boiling is a simple and effective method of disinfection and can be used where fuel is available. It can kill parasite eggs at the same time as boiling disinfection, all
Drinking water should be consumed after boiling.
5.3 Daily necessities
After cleaning furniture, sanitary ware, office supplies, etc., rinse, wipe or soak with a chlorine-containing disinfectant of 500 mg/L of available chlorine.
30 min, or use.200 mg/L chlorine dioxide, 1000 mg/L peroxyacetic acid, 1000 mg/L quaternary ammonium salt disinfectant for disinfection treatment,
The poisoning time is 15 minutes to 30 minutes. Wipe clean with clean water after disinfection.
5.4 Disinfection of meal (drinking) utensils
After cleaning the tableware (drinking) utensils, boiling disinfection is preferred, and the boiling time should be more than 15 minutes. Disinfectants can also be used for immersion disinfection, such as
Available chlorine 250 mg/L～500 mg/L chlorine-containing disinfectant is soaked for 30 minutes, and the disinfectant should be rinsed with clean water after soaking. Temporary shelter,
Food (drinking) utensils for public use in temporary settlements should be disinfected and cleaned before each use.
5.5 Fruits and vegetables
Fresh fruits and vegetables can be used with chlorine disinfectant 100 mg/L～200 mg/L or chlorine dioxide 50 mg/L～100 mg/L for 20 min～
30 min; or peracetic acid 500 mg/L～1000 mg/L, or washing with acidic oxidation potential water for 10 min; or 10 mg/L ozone water
10 min. After disinfection, rinse with clean water again.
5.6 Hands and skin
5.6.1 After participating in post-disaster environmental cleanup and animal carcass treatment, hands should be disinfected. An effective hand disinfectant or iodophor can be used to rub both hands.
5.6.2 People who have skin redness, swelling or injury caused by prolonged flood immersion should seek medical treatment in time, or use iodophor or other skin disinfectants for smear disinfection.
5.7 Corpse
5.7.1 The fresh animal carcasses removed during environmental clean-up should be buried or cremated as soon as possible. For animal carcasses that have become smelly, available chlorine can be used.
5000 mg/L～10000 mg/L chlorine-containing disinfectant or.2000 mg/L chlorine dioxide disinfectant is sprayed on the corpse and the surrounding environment to remove odor and disinfect,
Then it is buried deep or cremated.
5.7.2 The place for burial of corpses shall be designated by the local government and shall not be buried at will. The location should be far away from water sources and residential areas.
Choose the downwind direction of densely populated areas. Dig a pit more than 2 m deep, sprinkle bleaching powder or quicklime on the bottom of the pit, put the animal carcasses in the pit, and then dry it.
The bleaching powder is sprinkled on the corpse at a rate of 20 g/m2～40 g/m2, one layer of the corpse is layered with bleaching powder, and then covered with soil, buried and compacted.
5.7.3 The corpses of the victims generally do not cause epidemics of infectious diseases or pose a threat to public health, but for decayed and smelly corpses,
Spray bleach or other disinfectant and deodorant in the body bag. The corpse is tightly wrapped in a plastic body bag, does not leak peculiar smell, and does not leak out of putrefaction liquid
The body should be sent to the cremation site for treatment in time. In the process of transportation and handling, the sanitary principles of preventing the spread of infectious diseases and environmental pollution should be followed.
5.7.4 After the corpse is cleaned up, the place needs to be disinfected, and 1000 mg/L～2000 mg/L effective chlorine disinfectant can be sprayed.
Use 30 minutes to 60 minutes.
5.7.5 Vehicles for transporting dead bodies can be sprayed with 1000 mg/L～2000 mg/L effective chlorine disinfectant or other effective disinfectant solutions.
Sprinkle for 30 min to 60 min. In case of contamination by a large amount of body fluids, 5000 mg/L～10000 mg/L available chlorine should be used first
After the disinfectant is decontaminated, use the pre-treatment. Disinfect vehicles and tools after each use.
5.8 Garbage, excrement
5.8.1 General household garbage does not need to be disinfected, and sanitation management should be done well, and it should be cleaned daily. Garbage spraying containing corrupted items
A disinfectant containing 5000 mg/L～10000 mg/L of available chlorine, collected and treated in a harmless manner after 60 min.
5.8.2 The simple toilets dug at a suitable location should be built with fences and top covers to prevent rainwater from overflowing with feces and polluting the environment. The toilets can be fixed
Sprinkle 20% bleach emulsion at times to deodorize and disinfect. When the stool reaches 2/3 of the toilet bowl volume, it should be covered with bleaching powder in time, and the surface thickness
2cm, add soil to cover, and build another toilet.
5.8.3 Disperse a small amount of feces in the field, add bleaching powder at 1.10 of the amount of feces, and remove it after 24 hours.
6 Disinfection quality control
6.1 The disinfection products used should comply with relevant standards and regulations and be within the validity period of the product.
6.2 Disinfectants should be managed by a dedicated person, and the centralized storage, supply, and distribution of disinfectants should be well managed, and corresponding records should be made;
The effective content of the stock disinfectant is determined.
6.3 The disinfection work should be carried out in accordance with the procedures specified in Appendix B. The preparation and use of disinfectants should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the product instructions.
And make a record of the preparation of disinfectant, disinfection work and disinfection effect detection. For the record format, please refer to Appendix C.
7 Monitoring and evaluation of disinfection effect
7.1 Environment and surface disinfection effect
7.1.1 Detection method
7.1.1.1 Sampling before disinfection. soak a sterile cotton swab in a test tube containing 10 ml of 0.03 mol/L phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and
After squeezing the wall of the tube until there is no water, smear the surface of the tested object defined by the sterile specification board (the sampling area is 5 cm × 5 cm), horizontally and vertically
Go back and forth 8 times, and then rotate the cotton swab to make all sides touch the surface of the object. Aseptically cut the sampling end of the cotton swab into the original
In the PBS test tube, vigorously shake and count the live bacteria.
7.1.1.2 Sampling after disinfection. After disinfection to the specified time, take cotton swab smear sampling at similar places near the sampling point before disinfection.
Except that the sampling solution (containing the corresponding neutralizer) is used instead of PBS, the other steps and methods are the same as the sampling before disinfection. Samples before and after disinfection for 4 h
Send to the laboratory for live bacteria culture and count.
7.1.1.3 When natural bacteria are used as indicators for the evaluation of disinfection effect, the killing rate of natural bacteria in the disinfected objects after disinfection should be greater than or equal to 90%.
7.2 Disinfection effect of drinking water
Evaluate in accordance with the relevant regulations of GB 5749.
7.3 Disinfection effect of public daily necessities
Evaluation is carried out in accordance with the relevant regulations of GB 37488.
7.4 Disinfection effect of meal (drinking) utensils
Evaluation is carried out in accordance with the relevant regulations of GB 14934.
Appendix A
(Normative appendix)
Disinfection of drinking water in flood-stricken areas
A.1 Selection of drinking water source
A.1.1 After a flood disaster occurs, the original water source sanitation status should be quickly assessed, and the submerged well or water supply structure should be stopped
Water supply, after the water recedes, it can continue to supply water after thorough cleaning and disinfection.
A.1.2 When the water source of the centralized water supply is damaged or seriously polluted, a new water source should be selected and a new water intake point should be established. Choice of water source
And sanitary protection should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the "Sanitary Code for Centralized Drinking Water Supply Units".
A.1.3 If pumped wells or hand-killed wells are used to supply water, the selected wells should be kept clean and sanitary. There are no toilets, livestock pens, or livestock pens within 30 m.
For garbage and waste water discharge outlets, wells should be avoided in low-lying land or places with pollution sources.
A.2 Treatment and disinfection of drinking water
A.2.1 Cylinder (barrel) water disinfection treatment
After a natural disaster occurs, if the retrieved water is clear, it can be used directly after disinfection. If it is very cloudy, it can be clarified naturally or use alum
Disinfect after coagulation and sedimentation. Commonly used disinfectants are bleaching tablets or effervescent tablets. Administer the medicine according to available chlorine 4 mg/L～8 mg/L.
Crush the powdered tablets or effervescent tablets and put them in a bowl, add water and stir to dissolve, then take the supernatant and pour it into a tank (bucket), stir constantly to make it mixed with water
Mix well, cover the tank (barrel) and measure the residual chlorine from 0.3 mg/L to 0.5 mg/L after 30 minutes. If the residual chlorine can’t reach it, increase the consumption
Toxic dose, the tank (barrel) should be cleaned frequently.
A.2.2 Disinfection of hand pressure wells
Hand pressure wells are generally only disinfected, and the water quality can meet the basic requirements of drinking water sanitation standards. The disinfection method is the same as A.2.1.
A.2.3 Disinfection of large wells
A.2.3.1 Direct addition method
Measure the amount of water in the well before adding the disinfectant, and then calculate the dosage. Taking the bleaching powder to disinfect a round water well as an example, it can be calculated according to formula A.1.
The chlorination amount is the sum of the chlorine demand of the well water and the residual chlorine. According to the quality of the well water, the chlorination amount of the clean well water is generally 2 mg/L, and the water quality is more muddy.
When turbidity is increased to 3 mg/L～5 mg/L to ensure that the residual chlorine in the well water will be around 0.7 mg/L after chlorination for 30 minutes.
Conduct water quality bacteriological inspection.
The method of dosing is according to the required dosage, put it in a container, add water to make a concentrated solution, pour the supernatant into a bucket after clarification, and add water
After dilution, pour it into a well, shake the well water several times with a bucket to mix it with water, and wait for 30 minutes to use. Disinfection of well water
At least twice a day, in the morning and evening before the water collection period.
A.2.3.2 Continuous disinfection method
Put the bleaching powder or bleaching powder tablet into a number of small holes (aperture is 0.2 cm ~ 0.5 cm, the number of holes can be adjusted according to the amount of chlorine in the water)
In the beverage bottle (250 g～300 g per bottle), use a string to suspend the container in the well water and tie an empty bottle to make the medicine bottle float under the water
10 cm. Use the shaking when taking water to slowly release the chlorine in the bottle from the small hole to achieve the purpose of continuous disinfection. Sustainable after one dosing
About 1 week. When this method is used for disinfection, a dedicated person should be responsible for the regular dosing of the drug and the determination of the residual chlorine in the water. The residual chlorine content is about 0.7 mg/L. If
The well is large enough to hold several continuous disinfection bottles at the same time.
A.2.3.3 Excess chlorine disinfection method
Flooded wells need to be cleaned, rinsed and disinfected. First dig out the well, remove the sludge, rinse the wall and bottom of the well with clean water, and then dig out
Exhaust sewage. After the water well naturally seeps to the normal water level, perform excess chlorine disinfection.
The method is. first drain the well water (if pathogenic bacteria are found in the well water, it should be disinfected and then drained), remove the dirt on the wall and bottom of the well, and use
After cleaning with 3%～5% bleaching powder solution (half the bleaching powder essence), after the water well naturally seeps to the normal water level, add chlorine 10 mg/L～15 mg/L
Adding bleaching powder (or bleaching powder essence) means adding 40 g～60 g bleaching powder (effective chlorine based on 25%) per m3 of water. After soaking for 12 h～24 h, pump
Exhaust the well water, and after the natural seepage to the normal water level, disinfect according to A.2.3.1 or A.2.3.2, put it into normal use, and undergo bacteriological examination if necessary
It can be used only after passing the inspection.
Refer to this method for cleaning and disinfection of reservoirs (tanks).
A.3 Use of integrated water purification equipment
After a natural disaster occurs, the integrated water purification equipment can be used to treat and disinfect the raw water if conditions permit. Ditch
Water, river water and other surface water and groundwater are the water sources, which can effectively remove colloids, suspended particles, dissolved salts, organic matter, and microorganisms.
A.4 Transportation of temporary emergency water supply
A.4.1 Bottled water is easy to transport and has safe water quality, which can be used to solve emergency drinking water problems.
A.4.2 When the road traffic conditions permit, water carts can be used to deliver water, and residents can fetch water nearby. The equipment used for water delivery, whether it is a waterwheel,
Before transporting water, fire trucks, sprinklers, water tanks or polyethylene plastic buckets s...
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