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SN/T 1144-2020: (Listed as a quarantine identification method)
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(Listed as a quarantine identification method)
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SN/T 1144-2020
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| SN/T 1144-2002 | English | 359 |
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Plant quarantine. Methods for inspection and identification of broomrape
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SN/T 1144-2002
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PDF similar to SN/T 1144-2020
Basic data | Standard ID | SN/T 1144-2020 (SN/T1144-2020) | | Description (Translated English) | (Listed as a quarantine identification method) | | Sector / Industry | Commodity Inspection Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | B16 | | Classification of International Standard | 65.020.01 | | Word Count Estimation | 15,197 | | Date of Issue | 2020-12-30 | | Date of Implementation | 2021-07-01 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | SN/T 1144-2002 | | Regulation (derived from) | General Administration of Customs Announcement No. 136 [2020] | | Issuing agency(ies) | General Administration of Customs | SN/T 1144-2020: (Listed as a quarantine identification method)---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
The People's Republic of China Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Industry Standards
Replace SN/T 1144-2002
Listed as a quarantine identification method
Issued by the General Administration of Customs of the People's Republic of China
2020-12-30 released
2021-07-01 implementation
Foreword
This document is drafted in accordance with GB/T 1.1-2020.
This document replaces SN/T 1144-2002 "Methods of Quarantine and Identification for Phytosanitary Listing".
Compared with SN/T 1144-2002, the main technical changes of this document are as follows.
- The title and structure of the original document have been appropriately adjusted to make it more reasonable;
- Modified the scope of the original document and expanded the scope of application;
--Modified the terms and definitions of the original document;
--Added basic information;
-The spot check method and sampling quantity for on-site quarantine have been deleted;
--Added the identification characteristics of six species;
- Modified the result judgment;
--Informative appendices On the basis of the original appendix A and appendix B, appendix C, appendix D, and appendix E have been added.
This document was proposed and managed by the General Administration of Customs of the People's Republic of China.
Drafting organizations of this document. Shenzhen Customs of the People's Republic of China, Shenzhen Institute of Inspection and Quarantine.
The main drafters of this document. Chen Dongmei, Xiang Caiyu, Kang Lin, Liu Xinjiao, Li Qiufeng, Jiao Yi, Wang Ying, Lou Dingfeng.
The previous versions of the documents replaced by this document are as follows.
--SN/T 1144-2002.
Listed as a quarantine identification method
1 Scope
This document stipulates the quarantine and identification methods of Orobanche spp. among imported and exported plants and plant products.
This document is applicable to the host plants (Cucurbitaceae, Compositae, Leguminosae, Solanaceae, Cruciferae, Cannabis, Flax, Umbelliferae)
Quarantine and identification of the genus listed in the entry and exit plant products.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1
Root parasitism
The plant uses the sucker developed from the root to reach into the root of the host plant to obtain nutrients.
3.2
Spike
The inflorescence axis is long, unbranched, and there are many sessile flowers arranged on it.
3.3
Capsule
It is formed by the union of two or more carpels, contains most seeds, and has many ways of cracking when mature.
3.4
Scale
Tassel-shaped metamorphic leaves at the base of plant petals.
3.5
Reticulum pattern
Distributed on the surface of the seed into a net-like pattern.
3.6
Mesh
A network of pits distributed on the surface of the seed.
3.7
Lines of reticulum
The raised ribs around the mesh.
4 Basic information
The basic information listed is as follows.
--Scientific name. Orobanche spp;
--English name. Broomrape;
--Classification status. Belongs to Angiospermae (Angiospermae), Dicotyledoneae (Dicotyledoneae), Sympetal perianth
Class (Sympetalae), Paraitales (Paritales), Orobanchaceae (Orobanchaceae);
--Distribution. There are currently about 140 species in the world, mainly distributed in temperate and subtropical regions, with the most distributed in the former Soviet Union.
Followed by Mongolia, North Korea, Greece, Egypt and other countries, the United States and some European countries are also distributed. About 25 species in China.
--The way of transmission. propagation and dissemination mainly by seeds. The seeds are many and tiny, which are easy to adhere to the crop seeds.
Dispatching for long-distance transmission can also be spread by wind, water, or with humans, animals, and agricultural machinery.
5 Identification method
The genus Lietang is an annual rooting parasitic herb, each of which can produce 40,000 to 500,000 seeds, and the seeds are very small (0.2 mm～0.5 mm).
It is almost impossible to detect with the naked eye. According to this feature, the quarantine list is quarantined by the screening and washing method. This standard is judged according to the morphological characteristics of plants and seeds.
species.
6 Equipment and reagents
6.1 Instruments and appliances
Stereo microscope, microscope, electron microscope scanner, set of sieve. 30 mesh (aperture. 550μm)-500 mesh (aperture. 25μm), meter
Measuring device, sample table, sample plate, magnifying glass, tweezers, brush pen, small brush, absorbent paper, funnel, triangular bottle, washing bottle, measuring cup, culture
Petri dishes, finger tubes, jars, white porcelain plates, sample bags, labels, record books, specimen bottles, specimen boxes, mothballs.
6.2 Reagents
1% surfactant or soapy water.
7 Laboratory inspection
7.1 Active agent flushing method
7.1.1 Put the test sample into the Erlenmeyer flask (the size of the Erlenmeyer flask depends on the number of test samples), and then add 1% less surfactant or fertilizer.
Soap water, then add tap water until it covers the test sample.
7.1.2 Shake well and let stand for 10 min.
7.1.3 Pour the test sample together with the liquid in the Erlenmeyer flask into the upper sieve with 30 mesh (aperture. 550μm) and the lower sieve with 300 mesh (aperture.
48μm) in the sieve (the diameter of the sieve is preferably o 10 cm, the upper part is larger and the lower part is smaller).
7.1.4 Rinse the Erlenmeyer flask 7 to 8 times with tap water, and pour the rinse liquid into the upper sieve to rinse the test sample.
7.1.5 Remove the upper sieve, rinse the wall of the lower sieve with tap water, and after soaking dry with absorbent paper, place the lower sieve directly under the stereo microscope for careful observation.
When suspected seeds are found, they should be picked out and moved to the microscope for confirmation. If necessary, they should be scanned by electron microscope.
7.2 Jacorsohn and Marcus test method
Prepare a funnel-shaped container with a large upper diameter and a small lower diameter. The upper and lower mouths are connected with metal nets and nylon nets are used for enclosing. Inspection
Pour the sample into a glass cup and add an aqueous solution containing 1% surfactant, let it stand for 10 minutes and then gently shake it for 1 to 2 minutes, then
Rinse with tap water, so that the object to be inspected remains on the upper mouth and the listed seeds are washed onto the lower mouth. For specific experimental steps, see
Appendix A.
8 Identification features
8.1 Listed morphological characteristics
Listed as a parasitic herb with annual roots, degenerated roots, fleshy stems, erect, solitary or few branched, with fine hairs, light yellow or
Purple-brown or colorless. Generally, the height is 30 cm to 40 cm, and the highest can reach 60 cm. The whole plant lacks chlorophyll, and the leaves degenerate into scales or spirals
Arranged like a stalk, yellow or yellowish brown, without true roots, and degenerate into suckers. Many flowers, in spikes or racemes, sparsely solitary stem tops, flowers
Small, bisexual, white, pink, beige or blue-violet. Each floret has a long and narrow bract at the base, which is lanceolate or ovate
It is lanceolate, with 1 bract, often the same shape as the leaf, with 2 bracteoles or none above the bract. Calyx bell-shaped, light yellow, lobes 5, sharp apex
Point, or degenerate by a lobule at the base, that is, 4 lobes. The corolla has a lip shape, the upper lip is 2-lobed, and the lower lip is 3-lobed. 4 stamens, 2 strong, born in
In the corolla tube, the filaments are slender, the upper part is white, the base part is yellow, the anthers are 2 compartments, yellow, covered with white cotton wool or thin long hairs, descent from the filaments
The apex, split longitudinally, 1 pistil, ovate, stigma enlarged like a head, purple-blue style upright or recurved or concealed. The upper ovary, by
4 The carpel unites into one compartment, the lateral membrane is placenta, and there are many ovules. Capsules, usually longitudinally dehiscent, styles often persistent, containing a large number of seeds.
The seeds are mostly obovate or irregular, and rarely elliptical, cylindrical or subspherical
See Appendix B). The seeds are as small as dust (0.2 mm～0.5 mm), dark yellow-brown to dark brown. The hilum is obvious or not obvious, the surface of the seed coat
It is uneven, with ridged stripes and protrusions forming a net, the mesh is shallow, square or vertical rectangle, and the net wall is smooth. The mesh arrangement is regular or irregular. network
The ridge is flat without small protrusions, and the bottom of the mesh is net-like or small pit-like. See Appendix C for the seed key of six important species of Orobanche.
8.2 The morphological characteristics of six important species
8.2.1 Main features of Orobanche coerulencens Steph
The stem is upright, strong, unbranched, 15 cm to 50 cm high, and the whole plant is covered with white hairs. The leaves are scaly, ovate-lanceolate, yellowish brown.
The inflorescence is long spike-like, densely tomentose, bracts the same shape as the leaves, nearly the same size, without bracteoles; calyx 2 deeply parted to the base, membranous, each lobe first
The tip is 2-lobed; the corolla is lavender, about 20 mm long, two-lipped, the upper lip is wide, the apex is slightly concave, the lower lip is 3-lobed, and the lobes are nearly round; the stamens are 4.capsule
The fruit is oval-elliptic; the seeds are irregular in shape, slightly oval or oblong, dark brown, hard, with relatively regular coarse nets on the surface, the seeds
The length is about 0.2 mm～0.5 mm, and the width and thickness are about 0.2 mm～0.3 mm. See Figure D.1 ~ Figure D.2.
8.2.2 The main characteristics of Orobanche cumana Wallr.
The stem is erect, solitary, fleshy, with fine hairs, light yellow to purple-brown, varying in height, 20 cm to 40 cm. The whole plant lacks chlorophyll,
There is no real root, but a short whisker-like sucker. The leaves degenerate into scales and are arranged spirally on the stem. Flowers bisexual, symmetrical, arranged
Into tight spikes. The flowers are small, with 20-40 flowers per plant, with a maximum of 80 flowers. The corolla is double-lipped, with two-lobed upper lip and lower lip
3-lobed, blue-purple. The fruit is a capsule with persistent styles. The capsule is usually 2-lobed and contains a large number of small dust-like seeds. Irregular seed shape
Then, it is slightly nearly ovoid. The tender seeds are yellow and soft; mature seeds are about 0.3 mm ~ 0.5 mm long, 0.14 mm ~ 0.25 mm wide, and deep
Brown, hard, irregular shape, the seed umbilicus is not obvious, the seed coat has a large square mesh with ridges, and the bottom of the mesh has a regular shape with an ellipse
The round cavities are closely arranged. See Figure D.3 ~ Figure D.5.
8.2.3 Main characteristics of Orobanche ramosa L. (Orobanche ramosa L.)
The stems are mostly branched from the base, usually 3 to 5, fleshy, brown or straw-colored; the main branch is upright and strong, 10 cm to 20 cm high, and the side branches are
Short and thin, diagonally upward. The leaves degenerate into yellow scales, slightly ovate-lanceolate, brown, apex and tail-pointed. Spikes terminal, corolla tube
Shape, two-lipped, yellow to white. Capsule 2-lobed, with 4 placentas and many seeds. Seed length is 0.25 mm～0.4 mm, width is 0.18 mm～
0.2 mm, oval, sharp edges, gray-brown, shiny, irregular surface mesh, net bottom mesh. See Figure D.6 ~ Figure D.7.
8.2.4 Main characteristics of Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers.
The stem is erect, 15 cm to 50 cm high, and the whole plant is glandular hairy, branched above the middle, yellowish brown. The leaves are scaly. Spike terminal branches
End, cylindrical, loose. The corolla is lip-shaped, bluish-purple, nearly erect, tube-shaped, and the upper lip is 2-lobed, and the lower lip is shorter than the upper lip, and 3-lobed.
Capsule, 2-lobed. The seeds are mostly, slightly oval, 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm long, 0.25 mm wide and 0.25 mm thick, irregular in shape, and relatively large at one end.
It is sharp and narrow, gray-brown, dull, with long wrinkles near the sharp end, and the surface is uneven to form a mesh, the mesh is irregular, and the bottom of the mesh is net-like.
See Figure D.8 ~ Figure D.9.
8.2.5 Main features of Orobanche crenata Forsk
The stem is upright, solitary, fleshy, with fine hairs, yellowish-white, 20 cm to 60 cm high. Leaf scale-like, linear-lanceolate, spike-like flowers
Order, dense terminal, bracts tomentose, linear-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate or long pointed, corolla bell-shaped, yellow-white, anthers glabrous, flowers
Calyx campanulate, 2-lobed. Capsules are oblong, with small seeds and many. The seed surface is dull, obovate, 0.2 mm～0.4 mm long, yellowish brown
Color, the mesh arrangement is mostly rectangular, and the bottom of the mesh is scattered with nearly oval small holes. See Figure D.10 ~ Figure D.11.
8.2.6 Main features of Orobanche cernua Loefling (Orobanche cernua Loefling)
The stem is yellowish brown, cylindrical, unbranched, 0.6 cm to 1.5 cm in diameter, 15 cm to 40 cm in height, and the whole plant is densely covered with glandular hairs. Leaf triangle
Oval or ovate-lanceolate, 1 cm ～1.5 cm long, 5 mm ～7 mm wide, with bracts, calyx and corolla densely covered with glandular hairs, inside
The face is nearly hairless. Spikes, 5 cm～20 (～30) cm long, with many flowers; bracts ovate or ovate-lanceolate. Calyx campanulate, 2 deep
Split to the base, or split from the front to the base, and split only below the middle or near the base at the back. The top of the lobes is often 2-lobed. Corolla lavender or
Light blue, where the filaments are swollen, overflow and shrink upward, the tube is light yellow, the constriction is slightly twisted, and the knees are slightly twisted. The upper lip is 2 lobed, and the lower lip is slightly shorter.
On the upper lip, it is 3-lobed, with shallow wavy or crenulated edges. 4 stamens, filaments and anthers glabrous; styles glabrous. Capsule oblong or long
Round oval, length 10 mm ~ 12 mm, diameter 5 mm ~ 7 mm, dark brown after drying. The seeds are oblong, about 0.3 mm～0.5 in length
mm, 0.18 mm in diameter, regular shape, obvious seed umbilicus, large rectangular mesh with ridges on the surface of the seed coat, and honeycomb at the bottom of the mesh
Pits. See Figure D.12 ~ Figure D.13.
8.3 Comparison of morphological characteristics of six important species
Refer to Appendix E for the comparison of the morphological characteristics of the six types of listings.
9 Results evaluation
Taking the description in 8.1 as the main basis, the identifiable list that meets its morphological characteristics is the seed (Orobanche spp.), and then according to the description in 8.2
, Appendix C, Appendix D, Appendix E to determine the species...
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