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LY/T 1933-2019: Forestry machinery -- Self-propelled seedling transplanter
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Forestry machinery -- Self-propelled seedling transplanter
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LY/T 1933-2019
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Basic data | Standard ID | LY/T 1933-2019 (LY/T1933-2019) | | Description (Translated English) | Forestry machinery -- Self-propelled seedling transplanter | | Sector / Industry | Forestry Industry Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | B95 | | Classification of International Standard | 65.060.80 | | Word Count Estimation | 13,151 | | Date of Issue | 2019-10-23 | | Date of Implementation | 2020-04-01 | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Forestry and Grassland Administration | LY/T 1933-2019: Forestry machinery -- Self-propelled seedling transplanter---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
(Forestry machinery Self-propelled seedling transplanter)
ICS 65.060.80
B 95
LY
People's Republic of China Forestry Industry Standard
Replacing LY/T 1933-2010
Forestry machinery self-propelled seedling transplanter
Forestry machinery-Self-propelled seedling transplanter
2019-10-23 released
2020-04-01 implementation
Published by the National Forestry and Grassland Administration
Foreword
This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard replaces LY/T 1933-2010 "Forestry machinery self-propelled seedling transplanter". Compared with LY/T 1933-2010, the main technology
The content changes are as follows.
a) the scope of application has been modified (see Chapter 1);
b) revised normative references (see Chapter 2, Chapter 2 of the.2010 edition);
c) The terms and definitions of “traction seedling transplanter” and “hanging seedling transplanter” have been deleted, and their contents have been moved to Chapter 1.
Note (see Chapter 1,.2010 version 3.3, 3.4);
d) added variant code (see 4.2);
e) added "basic parameters" (see Chapter 5);
f) Added requirements and inspection methods for “supporting power” (see 6.2)
g) "Transport gap" (2010 version 5.1.5) was deleted;
h) Deleted "structural quality" (2010 version 5.1.5);
i) "Maximum Planting Density" has been modified (see 6.3.5,.2010 version 5.1.6);
j) Added requirements for "transmission", "steering mechanism", and "walking gear" (see 6.4.2, 6.4.3, 6.4.4)
k) revised "safety" requirements and inspection methods (see 6.5,.2010 version 5.4, 6.5);
l) Increased surface quality requirements of painted parts (see 6.7.1.7);
m) the content of the “inspection rules” has been deleted (chapter 7 of the.2010 edition);
n) added "mark" inspection method (see 7.1.2);
o) Added the inspection method of "Instruction Manual" (see 7.2.2);
p) Added "packaging" inspection method (see 7.3.2).
Please note that some elements of this document may involve patents. The issuer of this document is not responsible for identifying these patents.
This standard is proposed and managed by the National Forestry Machinery Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC 61).
This standard is drafted by. Harbin Forestry Machinery Research Institute of State Forestry and Grassland Bureau, Taizhou Yulin Power Machinery Co., Ltd.
Participating in the drafting of this standard. Shandong Weimeng Machinery Co., Ltd., Shandong Carter Heavy Industry Machinery Co., Ltd., Zhuhai Qiaoli Forestry Machinery Division
Technology Co., Ltd., Lvyou Machinery Group Co., Ltd., Fujian Academy of Forestry, SAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile Co., Ltd.
Qing Branch, China Civil Engineering and Construction Bureau Civil Engineering and Construction Research Institute Co., Ltd.
The main drafters of this standard. Wu Zhaoqian, Sheng Ping, Cai Lihua, Wang Guoqiang, Liu Changjin, Jiang Chunlin, Liu Jinmei, Zhuo Honghua, Gurry,
Tang Baoqi and Meng Lingchen.
This standard was first issued in February.2010, and this is the first revision.
Forestry machinery self-propelled seedling transplanter
1 Scope
This standard specifies the terms and definitions, technical requirements and test methods, marks,
Instruction manual, packaging, transportation and storage.
This standard applies to self-propelled seedling transplanters with gasoline engines or lithium-ion batteries as the power source. Traction and hanging seedling transplants
The non-power part of the machine can also be used as a reference.
Note. The walking power of the traction seedling transplanter comes from the tractor or other walking power system.
Comes from a tractor or other walking power system and uses a three-point suspension connection.
2 Normative references
The following documents are essential for the application of this document. For dated references, only the dated version applies to this document.
For undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 191 Packaging, storage and transportation icon
GB/T 6001 Seedling raising technical regulations
GB/T 9480 Rules for the preparation of manuals for agricultural and forestry tractors and machinery, lawn and garden power machinery
GB 10395.1 Safety of agricultural and forestry machinery-Part 1. General
GB 10396 General rules for safety signs and hazard graphics for agricultural and forestry tractors and machinery, lawn and garden power machinery
GB/T 13306 signs
GB/T 13384 General technical requirements for packaging of electromechanical products
GB/T 20786 rubber track
GB/T 24659.1 Technical specifications of guide wheels for agricultural track tractors
GB/T 24659.2 Technical requirements for driving wheels of agricultural crawler tractors
GB/T 24659.3 Technical specifications of agricultural track tractor track rollers
GB/T 31484 Cycle life requirements and test methods for power batteries for electric vehicles
GB/T 31485 Safety requirements and test methods for power batteries for electric vehicles
GB/T 31486 Electrical performance requirements and test methods for power batteries for electric vehicles
JB/T 5135.1 General small gasoline engine Part 1. Technical conditions
JB/T 5135.2 General-purpose small gasoline engine Part 2. Test method for bench performance
JB/T 5135.3 General-purpose small gasoline engines Part 3. Reliability, durability test and evaluation method
JB/T 5673 General technical requirements for painting of agricultural and forestry tractors and implements
JB/T 8548 Technical conditions of power shift transmission for construction machinery
LY/T 1045 Modeling method of forestry machinery
3 terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1
Seedling transplanter
A machine capable of completing one- to two-year-old beds as bare root seedling planting operations (see Figure 1).
Note. The seedling transplanter is also called a bed changer.
Explanation.
1--drive wheel;
2--track walking device;
3-- supporting power;
4 ---- Driving seat;
5 ---- transmission;
6--Control system;
7--Working device lifting system;
8--working device;
9--Miao seedling seat and seed box;
10--main frame;
11--guide wheel;
12--roller.
Figure 1 Simplified structure of seedling transplanter
3.2
Self-propelled seedling transplanter
The power for walking and working comes from the machine's seedling transplanter.
3.3
Work equipment
Mechanisms and component combinations for seedling clamping, furrowing, seedling insertion, soil covering, compaction, and seedling removal (see Figure 2).
Explanation.
1--Main drive sprocket;
2--Main drive gear;
3--shaper;
4--Transitional support sprocket;
5--main frame;
6- tensioning sprocket;
7--Miao folder;
8--Opener.
Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the working device structure
3.4
Seedling folder
Parts for holding seedlings.
3.5
Furrow opener
A component for making grooves in seedbeds for implantation of seedlings.
3.6
Planting density
Number of seedlings planted per unit area on the bed.
3.7
Operating speed
The length of the seedbed completed by the transplanter per unit time.
3.8
Transplanting seedlings
According to the requirements of GB/T 6001, the seedlings are cultivated, classified, root-cut and treated.
3.9
Tilt seedlings
After planting, the seedlings whose angle between the stem and the plumb line is greater than 15 °.
3.10
Twist-rooted seedlings
After planting, seedlings whose main root and plumb angle are greater than 30 °.
3.11
Omission rate of transplanting
After the completion of the planting operation, the number of empty digits on the seedbed accounted for the percentage of the rated planting seedlings.
3.12
Passing rate of planting
After planting, remove the number of oblique seedlings, nest root seedlings and missed seedlings. The total number of qualified seedlings planted accounts for the total number of seedlings that should be planted
number.
3.13
Maximum speed driving without a load
The fastest driving speed on a normal road when the transplanter is not working.
4 Modeling method
4.1 Modeling of transplanting machine shall be implemented in accordance with LY/T 1045.
4.2 The transplanting machine is mainly based on productivity (thousands per hour), and the specific models are compiled as follows.
2 ZYZ – □ □
Variation code. A, B, C (can be omitted if there is no deformation)
Main parameter. Productivity (unit. thousand plants per hour)
Feature code. "From" line
Feature code. "Move" seedlings
Group code. Planting machinery
Category code. Seedling raising machine (can be omitted)
Example. 2ZYZ-18 represents a self-propelled seedling transplanter with a productivity of 18 thousand plants per hour.
5 Basic parameters
The basic parameters of the transplant machine include.
a) type;
b) trenching depth, mm;
c) ditch width, mm;
d) Plant row spacing (plant spacing × row spacing), mm;
e) transplant density, plant per square meter;
f) operating speed, m/h;
g) track center distance, mm;
h) productivity, thousand plants per hour;
i) Maximum idle speed, m/h;
j) rated power, kW;
k) Nominal voltage of lithium-ion battery, V;
l) Lithium-ion battery rated capacity, Ah;
m) Net weight of the whole machine, kg;
n) Overall dimensions (length × width × height), mm.
6 Technical requirements and test methods
6.1 General requirements
6.1.1 During the test, the test seedlings should be cultivated in accordance with the requirements of GB/T 6001 for seedling breeding.
A difference of 4 cm is a grade, and a difference of 2 cm between the heights of spruce, Korean pine, and Pinus sylvestris var. Mongolica is a grade. For transplanting seedlings, you must cut the roots and conifers
1/4 to 1/3 long, cut 1/3 to 1/2 of the root length of the broad-leaved tree, and keep the main root length of 12 cm to 15 cm and the seedling height of more than 12 cm.
6.1.2 The test seedbed should be in accordance with the relevant regulations in GB/T 6001. Before the bed is built, the soil should be fully crushed, residual roots and stones should be removed, and the fertilizer should be mixed well. bed
The surface has no soil blocks with a diameter of more than 1.5 cm. The bed specifications are. bed width 110 cm, walk width 55 cm ～ 65 cm, bed height 15 cm ～ 25 cm, bed length
30 m ～ 50 m, soil humidity 8% ～ 25%.
6.1.3 The accuracy of the measured values of the test equipment should be within the following ranges.
a) Size. ± 1 mm;
b) Time. ± 0.01 s;
c) Speed. ± 0.5%;
d) Temperature. ± 1 ℃;
e) Humidity. ± 2%;
f) Voltage. ± 1%;
g) Current. ± 1%;
h) Mass. ± 1 g.
6.2 Supporting Power
6.2.1 Requirements
Gasoline engine-powered transplantation machines must be compatible with the requirements of JB/T 5135.1.
For transplanters using lithium ion batteries as the power source, their supporting batteries should meet the requirements of GB/T 31484, GB/T 31485, and GB/T 31486.
6.2.2 Inspection
Inspection of supporting gasoline engines shall be conducted in accordance with JB/T 5135.2 and JB/T 5135.3.
The inspection of supporting batteries shall be carried out in accordance with GB/T 31484, GB/T 31485, GB/T 31486.
6.3 Overall performance
6.3.1 Minimum turning radius
6.3.1.1 Requirements
The minimum turning radius of the transplanter should be less than 1.5 m.
6.3.1.2 Inspection
At the minimum turn of the transplanter, measure the radius of the track circle over which the center plane of the outer track or steering wheel rolls on the support plane.
6.3.2 Maximum idle speed
6.3.2.1 Requirements
The maximum idle speed of the transplanter should be greater than 2 000 m/h.
6.3.2.2 Inspection
On a flat road, measure the time it takes for the transplanter to travel 30 m at its fastest speed, and calculate the maximum idling speed.
6.3.3 Missed plant rate
6.3.3.1 Requirements
The transplantation rate of the transplanter should be less than 3%.
6.3.3.2 Inspection
6.3.3.2.1 The test is carried out on the planted seedbed, and at least 5 measuring points are evenly distributed in the test area.
6.3.3.2.2 At each measurement point, take a continuous 1-meter-long bed, and count the total number of missing seedlings on it.
Leakage rate at measuring points.
6.3.3.2.3 Leakage rate is calculated according to formula (1).
1 2 nq q qq
(1)
In the formula.
q-missed planting rate,%;
1q, 2q nq-Leakage rate of each selected measuring point,%;
n --The total number of selected measuring points.
6.3.4 Qualification rate of planting
6.3.4.1 Requirements
The planting qualification rate should be greater than 95%.
6.3.4.2 Inspection
6.3.4.2.1 The test is carried out on the planted seedbed, and at least 5 measuring points are evenly distributed in the test area.
6.3.4.2.2 At each measurement point, take a continuous 1-meter-long bed surface, and the nursery technician will refer to the test method for the qualified rate of artificial planting.
Count the total number of qualified seedlings on it, and use the percentage to calculate the planting qualification rate at each measuring point.
6.3.4.2.3 The qualified rate of planting is calculated according to formula (2).
1 2 np p pp
(2)
In the formula.
p-planting qualification rate,%;
1p, 2p np-the planting pass rate of each selected measuring point,%;
n --The total number of selected measuring points.
6.3.5 Maximum planting density
6.3.5.1 Requirements
The maximum planting density of the transplanter should not be less than 180 plants per square meter.
6.3.5.2 Inspection
When the transplanter performs the maximum density transplantation operation, a 1-meter-long bed surface is taken at the measurement point, and the total number of transplantable seedlings is counted.
6.3.6 Economic performance
6.3.6.1 Requirements
For gasoline engine-powered transplanters, the power value of the supporting power of the transplanter (kW), provided that 6.3.3.1 is satisfied
The ratio to its productivity value (thousands per hour) should be less than 0.55.
6.3.6.2 Inspection
Calculate the ratio of the power value (kW) of the supporting power of the transplanter to the productivity value (thousands per hour).
6.3.7 Working speed
6.3.7.1 Requirements
The working speed of the transplanter should not be less than 80 m/h.
6.3.7.2 Inspection
When the transplanter performs normal continuous planting operations in the field, measure the time required for the operation to 10 m, and calculate the operation speed according to formula (3).
(3)
In the formula.
v--working speed, unit is meter per hour (m/h);
10--Working distance in meters (m);
t--working time, the unit is hour (h).
6.4 Performance of main components
6.4.1 Opener edge hardness
6.4.1.1 Requirements
The edge hardness of the transplanter opener should be not less than 28 HRC.
6.4.1.2 Inspection
Take 5 test points evenly within a width of 40 mm from the edge of the opener, test its hardness and calculate its arithmetic mean.
6.4.2 Transmission
6.4.2.1 Requirements
The gearbox should comply with the provisions of JB/T 8548.
6.4.2.2 Inspection
The inspection of the gearbox is carried out in accordance with the provisions of JB/T 8548.
6.4.3 Steering mechanism
6.4.3.1 Requirements
The transplanter should turn accurately and walk smoothly, and there should be no obvious deviation.
6.4.3.2 Inspection
Inspection shall be carried out during the inspection of operation speed in 6.3.7.2.
6.4.4 Walking device
6.4.4.1 Requirements
The guide wheels, drive wheels and track rollers of the transplanter's walking device should comply with GB/T 24659.1, GB/T 24659.2 and GB/T 24659.3, respectively.
Provisions. The rubber track shall meet the requirements of GB/T 20786.
6.4.4.2 Inspection
The inspection of the guide wheel, driving wheel and track roller of the transplanter's walking device is in accordance with GB/T 24659.1, GB/T 24659.2 and GB/T 24659.3
Carry out the provisions of, or visually inspect the product certification provided by the manufacturer that contains the contents of the implementation of the above standards. Rubber track according to GB/T 20786
Inspection.
6.5 Security
6.5.1 Requirements
6.5.1.1 All moving parts shall be provided with protective plates, covers, nets or fences, and their protective facilities shall meet the relevant regulations in GB 10395.1.
6.5.1.2 The transplanter shall set the necessary safety signs in a conspicuous place in accordance with the provisions of GB 10396. The logo should include at least.
a) Warning signs describing the following potential hazards.
1) The trencher and seedling clamping device may be worn with gloves or cuffs, and a safe distance should be maintained from this part during operation;
2) During the operation, the feet of the seed delivery personnel should keep a safe distance from the operating device;
3) When the transplanter is running, the safety cover should not be opened or removed.
b) Attention sign describing the following.
1) Read the instruction manual carefully before use;
2) Before use, check the tightness of the opener and the seedling clamping device, and fill it with lubricant;
3) During maintenance, cut off the power and support the machine reliably.
6.5.1.3 For transplanters using electric motors as power units, the working voltage should not exceed 72 V, and the circuit should be covered with an outer sheath.
In order to protect, and install leakage protection elements in the control system.
6.5.2 Inspection
Visually inspect whether there are safety signs, whether exposed moving parts are provided with protective plates or covers, and the inspection of protective facilities shall be in accordance with the regulations of GB 10395.1
Scheduled.
6.6 Assembly quality
6.6.1 Requirements
6.6.1.1 The installation of all parts shall be accurate and the connections shall be firm and reliable.
6.6.1.2 After the whole machine is assembled, the moving parts should be flexible and there should be no abnormal phenomena such as interference or stagnation.
6.6.1.3 The control buttons or handles of the console shall be light and flexible, and the positioning or return motion shall be accurate and reliable.
6.6.2 Inspection
6.6.2.1 Use visual inspection, manual and wrench to check whether the installation of parts is accurate and the connection is firm and reliable.
6.6.2.2 Each reciprocating part of the transplanting machine is repeatedly operated for more than 6 times, and each rotating part is continuously operated for more than 10 minutes.
Flexible, with or without interference or stagnation.
6.6.2.3 Check whether the console operation buttons or handles are light and flexible, and the positioning or returning actions are accurate and reliable.
6.7 Appearance quality
6.7.1 Requirements
6.7.1.1 The surface of plastic parts shall be smooth and bright in color, and shall be free from defects such as cracks and shrinkage.
6.7.1.2 The stamped parts shall be complete without cracks or burrs.
6.7.1.3 Castings shall be free from defects such as cold insulation, shrinkage, and loose deformation.
6.7.1.4 Weldments shall have flat welds and shall be free from defects such as burn-through, cracks, and missing welds.
6.7.1.5 The plating of plated parts shall be uniform, bright in color, firm in adhesion, and flat in surface.
6.7.1.6 The surface quality of painted parts shall meet the requirements of JB/T 5673.
6.7.2 Inspection
The appearance quality of the transplanter is checked visually. The surface quality of painted parts shall be inspected according to the provisions of JB/T 5673.
6.8 Reliability
6.8.1 Requirements
Under normal use conditions, the average working time before the first failure should not be less than 30 hours, and the average failure interval time should not be less than 20 hours.
6.8.2 Inspection
6.8.2.1 There are more than two production test prototypes, the cumulative working time is not less than 60 hours, and the continuous working time is more than 4 hours each time. Experimental procedure
Maintenance is allowed in accordance with the instructions in the manual.
6.8.2.2 The average working time (T) before the first failure is calculated according to formula (4).
1 n
T tnnt
n
(4)
In the formula.
T-average working time before the first failure, in hours (h);
n-number of test prototypes;
n ′-the number of test prototypes that failed during the test (mild faults are not counted, when n ′ = 0, count as n ′ = 1);
i-the first failure time of the i-th test prototype, in hours (h);
t-test cut-off time in hours (h).
6.8.2.3 Mean time between failures (Tb) is calculated according to formula (5).
nt
(5)
In the formula.
bT-mean time between failures, in hours (h);
n-number of test prototypes;
t-test cut-off time in hours (h);
r-the total number of failures of the tested prototype (when r = 0, it is counted as r = 1).
7 Signs, instruction manuals, packaging, transportation and storage
7.1 Signs
7.1.1 Requirements
7.1.1.1 The product logo shall be clear and durable and placed in a prominent position on the outside of the product. Areas that could be touched and could be dangerous
Warning sign.
7.1.1.2 The operating instructions of the transplanter should be located in a conspicuous position of the transplanter, reminding the operator to read the instruction manual and strictly
The grid operates according to operating procedures.
7.1.1.3 The design and use principles of warning signs shall meet the requirements of GB 10396.
7.1.1.4 The signs shall be firm, shall not fall off or curl after sun exposure, rain or gasoline soaking, and their characters and patterns shall be clearly visible.
7.1.1.5 Each transplanter shall have a permanent nameplate, the handwriting shall be clear, and it shall be fixed in a prominent position outside the machine. Nameplate should be related to transplant machine
The substrate is firmly bonded. The nameplate should be resistant to the effects of weather. There should be no discoloration, discoloration, breakage or cracks during normal cleaning.
The trace is clear. The nameplate should not be crimped, and its sharpness should not be affected by leaked gasoline and lubricants. The nameplate should include.
a) Product model and name;
b) registered trademarks of products;
c) Main technical parameters. rated power, productivity, structural quality, dimensions;
d) the name of the manufacturer and its correspondence address;
e) Factory number and production date.
7.1.2 Inspection
Check visually for completeness. Except for permanent signs such as casting and etching, non-permanent signs should first be wiped with a cloth soaked in water
15 s, then wipe it with a cloth soaked in hexane for 15 s, and observe whether the signs are clear, no curling or peeling.
7.2 Instruction Manual
7.2.1 Requirements
7.2.1.1 The instruction manual shall be prepared in accordance with the requirements of GB/T 9480, and at least the technical parameters specified in Chapter 5 shall be given.
7.2.1.2 The instruction manual shall detail the correct safety rules, operating procedures, adjustment methods, maintenance and maintenance rules.
7.2.2 Inspection
Check visually.
7.3 Packaging
7.3.1 Requirements
7.3.1.1 Anti-rust measures shall be taken before the transplantation machine leaves the factory. After packing, it shall be fixed firmly. The packaging shall be firm, reliable and moisture-proof.
7.3.1.2 The packaging and packing box shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 13384, and the markings on the packing box shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 191.
7.3.1.3 The accessories, spare parts, tools and technical documents delivered with the transplanter shall be complete.
a) product certification;
b) product instruction manuals;
c) packing list.
7.3.1.4 If the user requires otherwise, it can be implemented according to the contract.
7.3.2 Inspection
Check visually.
7.4 Transport and storage
7.4.1 During transportation and storage, they should not be bumped, damped or stressed.
7.4.2 The transplanter should be stored in a dry, ventilated warehouse, and should not be mixed with corrosive substances, and should not be stored in the open air for a long time.
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