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HJ 1129-2020 English PDF

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HJ 1129-2020: Technical Specifications for Determination of emitting Radionuclides in Soil by In-situ HPGe Spectrometry
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Basic data

Standard ID HJ 1129-2020 (HJ1129-2020)
Description (Translated English) Technical Specifications for Determination of emitting Radionuclides in Soil by In-situ HPGe Spectrometry
Sector / Industry Environmental Protection Industry Standard
Word Count Estimation 45,413
Date of Issue 2020-06-03
Date of Implementation 2020-06-30
Regulation (derived from) Ministry of Ecology and Environment Announcement No. 32 (2020)
Issuing agency(ies) Ministry of Ecology and Environment

HJ 1129-2020: Technical Specifications for Determination of emitting Radionuclides in Soil by In-situ HPGe Spectrometry


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Technical Specifications for Determination of emitting Radionuclides in Soil by In-situ HPGe Spectrometry National Environmental Protection Standards of the People's Republic of China Technical specification for measuring  nuclides in soil with in-situ high purity germanium spectrometer 2020-06-03 release 2020-06-30 Implementation Issued by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment

Table of contents

Preface...3 1 Scope of application...4 2 Normative references...4 3 Terms and definitions...4 4 Principle of the method...6 5 Instruments and equipment...6 6 Measurement and analysis steps...6 7 Detection efficiency calculation...7 8 Calculation and presentation of results...9 9 Quality Assurance and Quality Control...10 10 Precautions...11 Appendix A (informative appendix) The field of view of the on-site high purity germanium spectrometer Rs...12 Appendix B (informative appendix) Determination method and empirical data of mass relaxation depth ...14 Appendix C (informative appendix) The fluence activity ratio of radionuclides F...16 Appendix D (informative appendix) Standard  point source calibration in-situ high purity germanium spectrometer effective front area  and angle correction factor W.36 Appendix E (informative appendix) Monte Carlo simulation method to calculate the effective front area  and angular response correction of the in-situ high purity germanium spectrometer Positive factor W...38 Appendix F (informative appendix) The effective front area  of the in-situ high purity germanium spectrometer and the empirical value of the angle correction factor W...41 Appendix G (informative appendix) Influencing factors of  nuclide activity concentration in soil measured by in-situ high purity germanium spectrometer...43

Foreword

To implement the Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Law of the People’s Republic of The Nuclear Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China, which protects the ecological environment and public health, regulates the measurement of  nuclides in the soil with high purity germanium spectrometers This standard is specially formulated for the methods of activity concentration and ash deposition flux of radioactive sedimentation. Appendix A to Appendix G of this standard are informative appendices. This standard is issued for the first time. This standard is formulated by the Department of Nuclear Facilities Safety Supervision and the Department of Regulations and Standards of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment. Drafting organizations of this standard. Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center of Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Radiation Environment Monitoring Technology Center of Ministry of Ecology and Environment, North China Electric Power University, Anhui Radiation Environment Supervision Station. This standard was approved by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment on June 3, 2020. This standard will be implemented on June 30, 2020. This standard is interpreted by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment. Technical specification for measuring  nuclides in soil with in-situ high purity germanium spectrometer

1 Scope of application

This standard specifies the in-situ measurement of radioactive activity concentration of nuclide and the flux of radioactive deposition ash in soil. High purity germanium spectrometer measurement method. This standard is applicable to the determination of artificial radioactivity in surface soil  nuclides during emergency monitoring of nuclear accidents, and radiation environmental quality monitoring Can refer to implementation. For newly settled radioactive ash, the detection limit of 137Cs activity concentration determined by this standard is 100 Bq/m2.

2 Normative references

This standard quotes the following documents or their clauses. For undated reference documents, their valid versions are applicable to this standard. GB/T 27418 Evaluation and Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement ISO 18589-7 Measurement of Environmental Radioactivity-Soil-Part 7. Measurement of Nuclides (Measurement of radioactivity in the environment-Soil-Part 7.In situ measurement of gamma-emitting radionuclides)

3 Terms and definitions

The following terms and definitions apply to this standard. 3.2 energy resolution energy resolution The detector's ability to distinguish incident gamma rays with different but very similar energies. Energy resolution and incident gamma ray energy Regarding, for a single energy  ray with a specified energy, it is often expressed by the half-width of the full-energy absorption peak of the energy, keV. 3.3 full width at half maximum In the pulse height spectrum, the distance between the abscissas of two points at half the peak of a single peak, keV. The half-height width is also recorded as FWHM. Note. If the peak in the energy spectrum is composed of several peaks superimposed, each peak has a half-width. 3.4 field-of-view of a detector Characterizes the amount of the detector's measurement of the surface soil range, that is, 90% of the non-scattered rays measured by the detector come from this range The soil inside. Generally expressed by the radius of the measuring soil range, m. 3.5 Lower limit of detection (LLD) With a given degree of confidence, the in-situ high-purity germanium spectrometer can detect the lowest activity concentration or the smallest deposition flux. 3.6 in-situ measurement Do not make any physical or chemical property treatment or change of the object to be measured, and the measurement is carried out at the site where it is located. 3.7 detection height The vertical height of the geometric center of the high purity germanium crystal from the ground surface, m. 3.11 effective front area A parameter that characterizes the detection efficiency of the detector's all-energy absorption peak, that is, the  ray beam with energy E is incident parallel to the axis of the detector In the case of the unit fluence rate, the all-around absorption peak count rate, m2. 3.12 angle correction factor For the  ray with energy E, the in-situ high-purity germanium spectrometer is parallel to the measurement along the axis of the detector during actual measurement on the ground surface in the field. When the line is incident, the unit  the ratio of the total energy absorption peak count rate obtained from the ray fluence rate, the quantity of dimension one.

4 Principle of the method

The fluence rate of surface gamma rays is related to the activity concentration of the radionuclide in the soil (deposition flux), and the depth of the nuclide in the soil. Degree distribution is related to factors such as soil composition and moisture content. When the detector height is 1 m, the on-site high-purity germanium spectrometer measures The count rate of the all-energy absorption peak is proportional to the activity concentration of the radionuclide in the soil.

5 Apparatus and equipment

5.1 High purity germanium spectrometer. consists of high purity germanium detector, high voltage power supply, main amplifier, multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer, refrigeration unit It is composed of 6 main parts, including liquid nitrogen or electric refrigeration, and data processing system. 5.2 Bracket. A bracket capable of fixing the detector so that the height of the detector is 1 m above the ground should use a low atomic number, low Density material manufacturing (such as. aluminum, plastic, wood). 5.3 Tape measure. the calibration length of the tape measure should be greater than 1 m, and the calibration graduation should not be less than 1 mm. 5.4 Other auxiliary equipment. should be equipped with a geographic positioning system to record geographic coordinates during testing.

6 Measurement and analysis steps

6.1 Distribution principle In general, choose an open and flat area, and there should be no interfering objects (such as building Buildings, woods, etc.), see Appendix A for the field of view Rs of the detector. When measuring the deposition flux of radionuclides, self-release should be selected Since the deposition of radionuclides, radionuclides have been distributed in the soil in undamaged areas (for example. no agricultural activities). 6.2 Record of measurement conditions Record the geographic coordinates of the measurement point, as well as the description of the meteorological conditions, topography, etc. 6.3 Checking the status of the instrument Before measuring, check whether the crystal temperature of the high-purity germanium detector reaches the working temperature. After it is at working temperature, turn it on again Bias power supply of high purity germanium spectrometer, check the energy resolution of the instrument. 6.4 Installation of on-site high purity germanium spectrometer In the middle of the selected measurement area, the high-purity germanium detector is stably installed on the measurement bracket, the end face of the detector Face down. Adjust the height of the detector so that it is 1 m away from the surface. Connect all cables of the high purity germanium spectrometer electronics. 6.5 Measurement settings Set the measurement time according to the count rate of the all-powerful absorption peak of the characteristic peak of the nuclides to be measured in the field measurement to make the area of interest The counting statistics fluctuate within 10%. 6.6 Collection of  energy spectrum Collect  energy spectrum within a predetermined time. After stopping the measurement, store the collected  energy spectrum. 6.7  Energy spectrum analysis Use the  energy spectrum analysis software to view the collected  energy spectrum. If there are clearly distinguishable peaks in the energy spectrum, set the Set a suitable area of interest and read the net peak area of the all-around absorption peak; if there is no clearly distinguishable peak in the energy spectrum, Measure the energy of the characteristic peak of the nuclide and the energy resolution of the detector, set the area of interest, and read the integrated area of the all-energy absorption peak.

7 Detection efficiency calculation

7.1 Principle For in-situ high-purity germanium spectrometers, it is difficult to have large-area -ray standard fields with known different depth distributions for detection efficiency. Rate calibration. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt a theoretical model of the distribution of radionuclides in the soil according to the physical parameters of the soil and air. And combine the characteristics of the detector to calculate the detection efficiency. The detection efficiency of the in-situ high-purity germanium spectrometer depends on the radionuclide in the soil The depth distribution in the soil, the height of the detector, the nature of the detector, the energy of the ray and the absorption properties in the soil and air Other factors can be calculated using the following Beck formula. 7.2 Method for calculating detection efficiency 7.2.1 Method overview It can be seen from 7.1 that the fluence activity ratio F, the angle correction factor W and the effective front area  are three unrelated physical The product of the quantity can get the detection efficiency of the on-site high-purity germanium spectrometer . Among them, the fluence activity ratio F and the angle correction factor W and the radiation The mass relaxation depth  of sex nuclides is related, and the determination of the mass relaxation depth  is a prerequisite for the calculation of detection efficiency. Already Knowing the mass relaxation depth , carry out the detection efficiency calculation according to the following steps. (1) Calculate the soil according to the theoretical model The fluence activity of the radionuclide is higher than F. (2) Use standard source experimental measurement or Monte Carlo simulation to calculate the detector Area before effect . (3) The theoretical model calculates the angular distribution of the primary  fluence rate () at the height of the detector; Empirical measurement or Monte Carlo calculation of the detector’s angular response factor R(); joint primary  fluence rate angular distribution () and detection The angle response factor R() of the device is calculated to obtain the angle correction factor W. 7.2.2 Determination of mass relaxation depth  Generally speaking, in the newly settled radioactive ash, the radionuclides are evenly distributed on the soil surface,  = 0 gcm-2; Natural radionuclides are uniformly distributed in the soil,  =  gcm-2.Nuclides in radioactive fall ash over time Continuously infiltrate the soil depth, and the activity concentration decreases exponentially with the increase of soil depth z, 0 gcm-2 <  <  gcm-2. If the mass relaxation depth  is unknown, we can first assume  = 0 gcm-2 to calculate the equivalent surface deposition flux. After that, according to the scene The actual mass relaxation depth  is obtained by stratified sampling or empirical values. See Appendix B for the determination method and empirical data of the mass relaxation depth . 7.2.3 Calculation of fluence activity ratio F After the mass relaxation depth  of the radionuclide to be measured is determined, the fluence activity ratio F can be obtained by the following three methods. (1) For artificial radionuclides settled in the soil (0 gcm-2≦ <  gcm-2), refer to Table C·2 in Appendix C to obtain the fluence Activity ratio F; For natural radionuclides ( =  gcm-2), refer to C·3 in Appendix C to obtain the fluence activity ratio F. (2) For radionuclides settled in the soil (0 gcm-2≦ <  gcm-2), if the mass relaxation depth  is in Appendix C, Table C·2 When there is no corresponding value in, the fluence activity ratio F is calculated based on the data interpolation of the mass relaxation depth . (3) According to Appendix C Based on the theoretical model, the fluence activity ratio F is calculated. 7.2.4 Calibration of effective front area  The effective front area  of the in-situ high purity germanium spectrometer can be obtained by the following three methods. (1) Standard  point source calibration method, See Appendix D for specific methods and steps. (2) Monte Carlo simulation calculation method. See Appendix E for specific methods and steps. (3) The empirical formula fast calibration method, according to the basic properties of the detector, the empirical formula fast calibration method is shown in Appendix F.

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