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Nuclear power plant radiation protection design
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HAD 102/12-2019
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Standard similar to HAD10212-2019 HAD 102/13 HAD 102/10 HAD 102/02 Basic data | Standard ID | HAD 102/12-2019 (HAD102/12-2019) | | Description (Translated English) | (Nuclear power plant radiation protection design) | | Sector / Industry | Chinese Industry Standard | HAD10212-2019: Nuclear power plant radiation protection design---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
HA D10212-2019
(Nuclear power plant radiation protection design)
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Annex 2
Nuclear Safety Guide HA D 102/12–2019
Radiation Protection Design of Nuclear Power Plant
(Approved and released by the National Nuclear Safety Administration on December 31,:2019
National Nuclear Safety Administration
Radiation Protection Design of Nuclear Power Plant
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1 Introduction
1:1 Purpose
1:1:1 This guideline is a reference to the "Safety Regulations for the Design of Nuclear Power Plants" (HA F102)
Explanation and elaboration of relevant provisions, which are intended to be used in the design of new nuclear power plants
Establish and maintain effective defenses against radiation hazards for the purpose of radiation protection
mark for guidance: The main content of this guideline can be used as the design and repair of in-service nuclear power plants:
References for changes and security reviews:
1:1:2 Annexes I, II and III of this guideline have the same effect as the main text:
1:1:3 The appendices to this guideline are for reference:
1:2 Scope
1:2:1 The scope of application of these Guidelines includes:
(1) In order to achieve optimal dose limitation and radiation protection in the design of nuclear power plants
radiation protection measures adopted by the chemical system;
(2) Radiation protection for plant personnel and the public in the design of nuclear power plants
protective measures;
(3) Used to calculate the radiation level inside and outside the plant and meet the requirements of radiation protection design
the method of seeking;
(4) Make sure to provide protection for plant personnel, the public and the environment in the design
significant sources of radiation and pollution under targeted operational, decommissioning and accident conditions;
(5) Radiation protection measures for accident conditions (including serious accidents);
(6) Radiation protection for the handling, handling and storage of radioactive waste:
1:2:2 These Guidelines do not deal with the long-term storage or disposal of radioactive waste
Radiation Protection Design of Nuclear Power Plant
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Safety issues related to waste form and quality, not related to accident reduction
The frequency and design measures required to prevent the development of the accident, nor the actual
Radiation protection during operation and decommissioning:
2 Safety objectives, dose limitations and protection optimization
2:1 Safety goals
The radiation protection design of a nuclear power plant must ensure that the nuclear
Radiation exposure in a power plant or due to any planned emissions from the nuclear power plant
radiation exposure caused by sexual substances is below the specified limit, and as far as is reasonably achievable
Low: At the same time, measures should be taken to mitigate the radiological consequences of any accident:
2:2 Dose Limits and Dose Constraints in Operation
2:2:1 The nuclear power plant should be designed so that the radiation exposure generated during operation
Do not exceed dose limits established for workers and the public: Dose limits should meet
"Ionizing Radiation Protection and Radiation Source Safety Basic Standards" (GB 18871):
2:2:2 For occupational exposure, the dose should be determined at the design stage of the nuclear power plant
Constraints and serve as boundary conditions for determining the scope of the radiation protection optimization scheme: Profession
The exposure dose constraint value is not a dose limit, and exceeding the dose constraint does not mean non-compliance
Regulatory requirements, but may result in follow-up action:
2:2:3 For public exposure, the personal dose constraints should be in accordance with the Nuclear Power Plant
Environmental Radiation Protection Regulations (GB 6249):
2:3 Application of the optimization principle
2:3:1 After considering the following economic and social factors, all radiation
Exposures should be kept within specified limits and as far as reasonably achievable:
Radiation Protection Design of Nuclear Power Plant
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low level:
(1) The operating state and
The radiation exposure caused by accident conditions is reduced to a certain value, which further increases the
Increased design, construction and operating costs have been compared to the reduction in radiation exposure achieved
Not worth it (economic factor):
(2) In the design, consideration should be given to reducing the number of different types of work in the radiation protection control area:
Differences in occupational exposure doses received by workers, avoiding exposure to radioactive work areas
Poor working conditions (social factors): jobs with the greatest potential for radiation exposure
Personnel include refueling, maintenance, inspection and radiation protection personnel:
2:3:2 Generally, radiation protection is optimized by a series of protective measures
(e:g: shielding, ventilation, controlling distances and minimizing radiation exposure time)
means, etc:) to choose: To this end, feasible alternatives should be identified and compared
and values, and evaluate and compare these options: Annex I describes that there are
on decision analysis methods:
2:3:3 The concept of optimization should also be used to avoid or mitigate the resulting work
in the design features of the consequences of nuclear power plant accidents to human or public exposure:
2:4 Design goals during operation
2:4:1 In order to ensure that the human exposure dose is reduced to an acceptable level in the design
to the lowest possible level, while reflecting best practice, should be based on professional
set individual dose and collective dose design targets for exposure, and set individual doses for public exposure
Dose design goals: The individual dose design objective is an appropriate dose limit
The share should reflect the concept of dose constraint:
2:4:2 To focus the design on individual doses to workers
Radiation Protection Design of Nuclear Power Plant
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and related aspects that contribute significantly to the collective dose, require
groups of workers (e:g: maintenance staff and health-care physics staff, etc:) set a collective
Dose design goals: Likewise, a collective dose setting design for each job is required
Goals such as major component repairs, in-service inspections, refueling and waste management, etc:
The above design goals, combined with dose evaluation at key stages of design, can be used as a
basis for dose monitoring and dose management in operation:
2:4:3 Design targets for collective doses of nuclear power plant workers are available
It is expressed in the form of man·Sv/GWe·a:
The collective dose should be determined according to the radiation protection optimal design or with reference to good practice
Design goals:
2:5 Design objectives for accident conditions
2:5:1 The design objective of accident conditions is to release the
The risks posed by radioactive material to the public and due to radioactive releases and direct
Exposure risks to plant workers are limited to acceptable levels: should
Compare the calculated accident dose with the dose specified in the accident condition design objective
Criteria are compared to determine the protection of plant personnel and the public under hypothetical accident conditions
whether the design measures are adequate: To deal with accidents of different frequency, set different
Design goals: For design basis accidents, it is required to
outside of the
Evacuation measures are necessary:
3 Radiation protection design
3:1 Radiation sources
Radiation Protection Design of Nuclear Power Plant
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3:1:1 At the design stage, the size of the radiation source in the operating state should be determined
and position: Annex II briefly describes the resulting radiation exposure during normal operation and decommissioning
main sources of radiation, including reactor core and pressure vessels, reactor cooling
and liquid moderator systems, steam and turbine systems, waste treatment systems,
Irradiated fuel, new fuel storage facilities, decontamination facilities, and various other radiation
source (e:g: sealed source for non-destructive testing, etc:): The largest source of radiation is the reaction
The reactor core, irradiated fuel and waste resin shall be designed to ensure that personnel are not exposed to this
direct exposure to some radiation sources:
3:1:2 During the design stage of a nuclear power plant, the potential
The size, location, and possible transport mechanisms and routes of radiation exposure sources:
3:1:3 For accident conditions for which preventive design measures are taken, the main
Radiation sources are released from fuel elements or from various systems and
Radioactive fission products released from equipment: Annex III describes the selected
Examples of methods for evaluating radiation sources of accidents:
3:2 Radiation protection design during operation
3:2:1 Human resources
3:2:1:1 The design department should fully understand the radiation protection measures in the design:
To this end, the design team should equip or hire radiation protection professionals to propose a complete
good radiation protection requirements and provide the necessary training: good operating experience
Feedback to the design department to coordinate the design work and running the program:
3:2:1:2 The optimization of protection and safety should be carried out throughout the life of the nuclear power plant:
All stages from design, construction, operation to decommissioning during the period: system should be used
formulate a radiation protection program and a radioactive waste management program in a systematic manner to ensure
Radiation Protection Design of Nuclear Power Plant
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The principle of optimization is effectively implemented in the operational phase of the nuclear power plant:
3:2:1:3 At each stage of the design, the design department should recognize the
importance of radiation protection:
3:2:1:4 Relevant chemical parameters in the control of radiation sources in nuclear power plants
plays a very important role: Professionals in radiochemistry should be involved in the design
Process, materials professionals should be involved in controlling the source term of corrosion products
design process:
3:2:2 Organization
3:2:2:1 In order for the design of radiation protection to meet the requirements,
Decisions affecting exposure and recommendations made by radiation protection professionals are documented in
case, and develop a reasonable design process: Appropriate means should be in place to ensure that the
The required radiation protection is considered by designers at every stage of the design process
protective measures:
3:2:2:2 Systematic quality assurance shall be implemented throughout the design process
outline:
3:2:3 Design Strategy
3:2:3:1 General approach
3:2:3:1:1 The design objectives should be determined at the beginning of the design, see this guideline
Section 2:4:
3:2:3:1:2 Generally, to reduce the release of radioactive material to the environment, the
Enhanced waste disposal systems, which can cause plant personnel to be
Increase exposure dose: In practice, public exposure and occupation can be considered independently
Irradiation design target: However, in providing the best practicable reduction in release
Radiation Protection Design of Nuclear Power Plant
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When the method is used, the exposure of plant personnel should be monitored to ensure that they do not
There are unnecessary increases:
3:2:3:1:3 When determining the design objectives, consideration should be given to radiation protection
Experience with nuclear power plants with good operating records: Reference nuclear power plants should be considered
Differences in design, operation or policy from the nuclear power plant as designed, these
Differences may include power level, primary circuit material, fuel type, fuel consumption,
load following, reactor operating requirements in the event of a fuel failure, and operation
Reachability requirements for containment in state:
3:2:3:1:4 Figure 1 shows the design objectives used in the design of nuclear power plants:
A simple example: During the initial stages of the design process, the
The original design was modified to meet the design goals: However, to achieve the design
The target does not guarantee that the dose will be reduced to the lowest level reasonably achievable, because
Therefore, further refinement of the design is required to ensure optimal radiation protection:
3:2:3:2 Radiation protection design for plant personnel
3:2:3:2:1 The radiation protection design of plant personnel shall take the following steps:
(1) First, a strategy for controlling exposure should be developed to ensure that the
The most important aspects are considered in a logical order: For example, in many classes
In a type of reactor design, the two main areas in which doses can be reduced are periodic maintenance
Repairs and unscheduled maintenance: In some PWR designs, steam generators and valves
Doors are two important sources of illumination: Therefore, these items should be considered first and
The reliability of the proof design has been verified: This reduces exposure to a reasonably achievable
as low as possible and contribute to the efficiency of nuclear power plants:
The second aspect that should be considered is to maximize the production and accumulation of radionuclides:
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