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The construction standard for the system of straw harvest, storage and transportation
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GH/T 1270-2019
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Basic data | Standard ID | GH/T 1270-2019 (GH/T1270-2019) | | Description (Translated English) | The construction standard for the system of straw harvest, storage and transportation | | Sector / Industry | Supply and Marketing Cooperatives Industry Standard (Recommended) | | Date of Issue | 2019-07-08 | | Date of Implementation | 2019-12-01 | | Regulation (derived from) | Industry Standards Record Announcement No.3 of 2019 (Total No.231) | | Issuing agency(ies) | All-China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives | GHT1270-2019: The construction standard for the system of straw harvest, storage and transportation
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The construction standard for the system of straw harvest, storage and transportation
GH
People's Republic of China Supply and Marketing Cooperation Industry Standard
Specification for Straw Collection, Storage and Transportation System Construction
The construction standard for the system of straw harvest, storage and
transportation
Published on July 08,.2019
Effective December 01,.2019
Published by All China Supply and Marketing Cooperative
Foreword
This specification was drafted in accordance with the rules given in "GB/T 1.1-2009".
This specification was proposed by the All-China Supply and Marketing Cooperative.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of China Recycling Resources Recycling Association.
This specification was drafted. China Renewable Resources Recycling Association China Agricultural Mechanization Research Institute Zoomlion
China Agricultural Ecological Environmental Protection Association Shandong Quanlin Paper Co., Ltd.
The main drafters of this code. Pan Yonggang Jing Quan Rong Gong Jun Han Yujie Cao Yang Yan Xiaohui Sun Ruijiang Liu Tianshu Shi Zu Liang Yin Lihua
Song Yujie
This specification is the first release.
Specification for Straw Collection, Storage and Transportation System Construction
1 Scope
This specification specifies the technical, operational, and management requirements and systems for the collection, storage, and transportation system construction of crop straw in the field.
Department evaluation.
This specification is applicable to the construction and evaluation of straw collection, storage, and transportation systems for crops such as rice, wheat, and corn.
2 Normative references
The following documents are essential for the application of this document. For dated references, only the dated version applies to this
file. For undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB 13495 fire safety sign
GB/T 14290 Round Bale Baler
GB 15630 Fire Safety Sign Setting Requirements
GB/T 25423 Square bale baler
GB 50016 fire protection code for building design
NY/T 1631 Square bale baler operating quality
NY/T 2463 Round bale baler operating quality
JB/T 7766 Finger Wheel Mower
JB/T 12096 horizontal automatic hydraulic packer
JB/T 12442 Large straw square baler (press) baler
JB/T 12444 Cotton stalk combine
Regulations on Fire Safety Management of Raw Materials Yards in the Paper Industry (Ministry of Light Industry, Ministry of Public Security [90] Qingshengzi No. 65)
3 terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1
Rectangular bale
Compress the loose straws mechanically or hydraulically and bundle them into bales with a certain density and rectangular cross-section.
Divided into small square bales and large square bales according to the section size.
3.2
Round bale
The scattered straws are centrifuged and bundled into rope-shaped straws with a certain density and round cross-section through tangled ropes or nets.
The diameter of the stalk, the commonly used bundle-shaped cross-section is not less than 1.0m.
3.3
搂 集 raking
Through mechanical or manual operation, the crop straws are laid according to the requirements for bundling to improve the bundling efficiency.
3.4
Picking up and baling
The crop straws on the ground are picked up by a picker and sent to a compression cavity for compaction and binding to form a straw bale operation process.
3.5
Temporary storage place
The temporary storage yard is set up in a bundled straw storage site next to the field. It is mainly used for the centralized collection and storage of straw in nearby farms and temporary storage.
For storage, you can temporarily set up land, field wasteland, etc.
3.6
Main storage place
The storage scale is more than 500 tons (including), equipped with palletizing, grass-grasping, on-site transfer, bundling and other equipment, complete and complete fire protection facilities
Manage standardized straw storage farms.
3.7
Cache storage place
Straw utilization enterprises established in the immediate vicinity of the plant are used to meet the uninterrupted and normal production line under severe weather and extreme supply conditions.
The storage yard set up for the supply shall determine the storage scale according to the local meteorological conditions and the supply environment. Generally not more than 5 ~ 7
Day production required.
3.8
Stacking
Stack the straw collected in the field according to the requirements of stack height and stack length to reduce the storage area and facilitate management.
4 General
This specification takes crop straws as the main body, and through equipment, technology, operation management, etc.
It can form a series of operation activities such as straw collection, storage, and transportation, etc., to meet the requirements of the marketization and large-scale comprehensive utilization of straw.
Interrelated and mutually restrictive system. This specification includes three systems and system evaluations for straw collection, transportation and storage.
5 Requirements
5.1 Straw collection, storage and transportation system
5.1.1 There are several specialized collection teams and equipment that meet the straw collection needs in the area and meet the requirements of 5.2 of this construction code;
5.1.2 There are several fixed storage sites that can meet the straw storage in the area and meet the requirements of 5.3 of this construction code;
5.1.3 Have specialized straw transfer equipment and transport teams that meet the requirements of 5.4 of this construction code;
5.1.4 Have a professional management team for the collection, storage and transportation system operation, responsible for the operation and coordination of the three collection, storage and transportation systems.
5.2 Straw collection system
5.2.1 Straws of grasses such as rice, wheat, corn, etc. are directly bundled and collected after field pretreatment; cotton straws can be harvested in the field
Crushing aggregates, crushing aggregates after extraction or crushing and bundling collection are performed.
5.2.2 The collection system equipment should include, but not limited to, tractors, field gathering equipment, baling equipment, bale-type straw picking equipment, and fork installation equipment
Equipment, field transfer equipment, etc.
5.2.3 Collection system equipment should comply with GB/T 14290, GB/T 25423, JB/T 7766, JB/T 12096, JB/T 12442, JB/T 12444
Requirements.
5.2.4 After the mechanized harvest of rice, wheat, corn and other crops, the straw is sprayed directly on the field. The moisture content of the straw must be dried to less than 30%, and then
Mechanical or manual bundling, the width of the bundling is determined according to the picking width of the specific bundling machine. The width and thickness of the bundling are uniform, which is convenient for subsequent follow-up.
For baling operations, if the biomass of the straw is large, it is not necessary to carry out the gathering treatment.
5.2.5 The size and quality of bales of straw shall comply with the requirements of NY/T 1631 and NY/T 2463, and the square bales of large straw shall meet the requirements of JB/T 12442.
Operating quality requirements, all bales of straw should not be bundled with metal wire; the choice of bale type and size should be based on local agricultural roads
The conditions of roads, transportation vehicles, field plots, equipment ownership, storage and transportation costs must be determined.
Economics of stalk applications.
5.2.6 When cotton straw is harvested and crushed, the chopped length of cotton straw should be in accordance with the operating quality requirements of JB/T 12443.
The length of chopped straw should be determined according to the requirements of use.
5.2.7 Management and coordination
Set up straw collection teams with administrative villages or brokers (or storage and storage companies) as a unit to form a collection system within the region.
In accordance with a planned scientific arrangement, the type and quantity of operating equipment and the appropriate operation should be reasonably formulated according to the type of straw, collection time and collection scale.
The information communication between the transmission system and the storage system, to achieve the rational and effective operation of the system, to encourage the cross-region operation of the collection team, and to give full play to social support.
The efficiency of some collection equipment reduces collection costs.
5.3 Straw storage system
5.3.1 The straw storage system includes a temporary storage yard, a main storage yard, and a buffer storage yard, which collectively assume the storage function of each link of the straw raw materials.
5.3.2 Facilities and Equipment Configuration
Can be equipped with quality testing equipment, truck scales, grapples, forklifts and other palletizing equipment, field transfer equipment, and yards according to actual needs
Ground monitoring and lighting facilities.
5.3.3 Storage site construction requirements
① All stockyards should comply with national policies, avoid low-lying areas with accumulated water, and cannot occupy basic farmland;
② All stockyards should be far from villages and villages, and the upwind side stockyards with the minimum annual wind direction in residential areas should be far from production areas and health
Live area. General requirements. Stockyards with reserves of more than 20,000 tons should be more than 100 meters away from production and living areas;
The distance between the lower and middle stockyards and the production area and living area should be more than 50 meters.
③ All stockyards should avoid places such as flammable and explosive production factories and warehouses, and high-voltage transmission lines;
④ The stockyard should be selected in the area of existing highway transportation facilities and field roads;
⑤ The stacking ground of the yard should be compacted and compacted, and drainage ditches should be set around or in the middle to ensure the smooth drainage of rainwater.
5.3.4 Construction Scale of Storage Site
① The construction scale of the storage site should be determined according to the straw collection time and the amount of straw resources that can be stored in the target collection area.
② The storage scale of the temporary storage yard does not exceed 500 tons/year; the storage scale of the main storage yard generally does not exceed 20,000 tons/year; the buffer storage yard should
The storage scale is determined according to the 5 to 7 days production demand of the straw utilization enterprise.
5.3.5 Fire safety of storage site
① Storage sites should post relevant fire safety signs in accordance with GB 13495 and GB 15630.
② The temporary storage yard should meet the basic fire safety conditions and be equipped with basic fire equipment and fire facilities.
③ For the fire safety of the main storage yard and buffer storage yard, please refer to the "Fire Safety Management Regulations for Raw Materials Yard in the Paper Industry" (Ministry of Light Industry,
The Ministry of Security [90] Qingshengzi No. 65) is implemented. Fire fighting water can be supplied by fire pipe networks, natural water sources, fire ponds, water towers, etc.
In accordance with the relevant provisions of GB 50016.
5.3.6 Palletizing requirements
① There should be a rolling slope from the top of the stack to the top of the knot. The size and method of stacking depend on the size and space of the site.
The shape is tapered and rectangular, and then covered with a rainproof cloth.
② The length of the stack should meet the fire protection requirements of GB 50016 and not exceed 150 meters.
③ When stored for a long time, the stacking height of the bales of straw is not greater than 8 meters, which prevents the bales from deforming and facilitates the handling operation;
Stacking height should be no more than 13 meters.
④ The stacking distance should be reasonable, and the width of the main aisle should not be less than 10 meters, so as to meet sufficient ventilation channels and fire protection aisles.
5.3.7 Fire and moisture safety requirements
① It is strictly forbidden to bring fireworks into the raw material storage area, and strict safety and fire prevention regulations shall be formulated and implemented.
Fire caps, the parts that are prone to sparks should be equipped with protective devices and often cleaned and maintained.
② The stack should be moisture-proof. The bottom of the stack should be cushioned with earthwork, wood or bricks. Pay attention to the middle of the stack to prevent it from being empty and easily scattered.
5.3.8 Management and maintenance
① A file shall be established for each stack, and it shall be clearly listed on the stack head.
② Establish a straw stack inspection system. Regularly monitor the storage of straw in the stockyard, and measure the temperature regularly. When the temperature rises to forty degrees Celsius
At 50 degrees, preventive measures must be taken and temperature measurement records made; when the temperature reaches 60 to 70 degrees Celsius, it must be disassembled to dissipate heat.
Be prepared for fire fighting.
③ Strengthen the safety patrol of the stockyard and reduce the probability of fire and other emergencies.
5.4 Straw transportation system
5.4.1 Straw transportation should be bale-type straws. Long-distance transportation is recommended to use large square and medium round bales. The small bundle type is not suitable for long distance transportation.
5.4.2 During transportation, it shall be strictly in accordance with the provisions of the Road Traffic Safety Law, and shall not be overloaded, not super wide, or super tall.
5.4.3 For short-distance straw transportation (< 10km), agricultural vehicles can be used; for long-distance transportation (> 50km), large and medium-sized transportation vehicles should be selected.
5.4.4 The crushed straw shall be transported by dump truck or bucket trailer, and shall be covered to prevent the debris from being spilled during transportation.
5.4.5 Transportation vehicles are not allowed to cross the city's main roads and should avoid crowded areas.
6 Organizational model of straw collection, storage and transportation system
6.1 Organizational Model of Decentralized Straw Collection, Storage and Transportation System
6.1.1 Direct supply for farmers
The straw uses farmers near the enterprise to send their own scattered straw or bundled straw directly to the storage yard, and the scattered straw
Stored in storage yard after bundling.
6.1.2 Direct supply by broker
The broker is responsible for collecting the straw of professional households or farmers and transporting it to the straw by organizing a mobile acquisition team
Take advantage of the business.
6.2 Organizational model of intensive straw collection, storage and transportation system
6.2.1 Enterprise Autonomy
Straw utilization enterprises dominate the collection, storage and transportation, signing straw resource supply agreements with farms with large resources or
Industrial cooperatives (organizations) sign agricultural machinery operation services to complete the collection and storage of straw required for enterprise production.
6.2.2 Contract commission cooperation
Straw utilization companies sign contracts with collection, storage and transportation companies to agree on the quantity, quality, time and price of straw supply.
Consignment storage and transportation company supplies straw raw materials, and straw collection, storage and transportation company implements decentralized collection, drying, and screening of straw, and unified storage
Transportation management, to ensure the use of raw materials to ensure the quality, timely, and supply.
7 System Capability Evaluation
7.1 System integrity evaluation
The three systems of collection, storage and transportation are complete, with a management team with coordinated operation and quality skills, which is complete for the system.
7.2 System capacity evaluation
7.2.1 Evaluation of system capacity
7.2.2 The preliminary establishment of the system is to meet 50% of the total resources that can be collected from straw within the region (excluding returning straw to the field).
7.2.3 Meet the 50% to 75% of the total resources that can be collected from straw in the region (except returning straw to the field), which is the basic establishment of the system.
7.2.4 Meet more than 75% of the total straw collection resources (except returning straw to the field) in the region, which is a complete establishment of the system.
7.3 Evaluation of system stability
The area has stable hardware facilities (equipment and site) and necessary professional management and coordination personnel.
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