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GBZ45378-2025: Non-destructive testing - Methods for absolute calibration of acoustic emission transducers by the reciprocity technique
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Non-destructive testing - Methods for absolute calibration of acoustic emission transducers by the reciprocity technique
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Basic data | Standard ID | GB/Z 45378-2025 (GB/Z45378-2025) | | Description (Translated English) | Non-destructive testing - Methods for absolute calibration of acoustic emission transducers by the reciprocity technique | | Sector / Industry | National Standard | | Classification of Chinese Standard | J04 | | Classification of International Standard | 19.100 | | Word Count Estimation | 22,212 | | Date of Issue | 2025-03-28 | | Date of Implementation | 3/28/2025 | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, China National Standardization Administration | GBZ45378-2025: Non-destructive testing - Methods for absolute calibration of acoustic emission transducers by the reciprocity technique
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GB /Z 45378-2025.Absolute calibration method of acoustic emission sensors based on reciprocity technology for non-destructive testing
ICS 19.100
CCSJ04
Guiding technical documents of the People's Republic of China on national standardization
Nondestructive Testing Acoustic Emission Based on Reciprocity Technology
Absolute sensor calibration method
(ISO /T R13115.2011,MOD)
Released on 2025-03-28
2025-03-28 Implementation
State Administration for Market Regulation
The National Standardization Administration issued
Table of contents
Preface III
Introduction IV
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Terms and Definitions 1
4 Calibration Preparation 3
5 Three-sensor calibration method 5
6 Dual Sensor Calibration Method 8
7 Pulse Response Calibration Method 9
8 Presentation of calibration results 13
Reference 15
Foreword
This document is in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Guidelines for standardization work Part 1.Structure and drafting rules for standardization documents"
Drafting.
This document is modified to adopt ISO /T R13115.2011 "Absolute calibration method for acoustic emission sensors based on reciprocity technology for non-destructive testing"
The document type was adjusted from ISO 's technical report to my country's national standardization guidance technical document.
Compared with ISO /T R13115.2011, this document has made the following structural adjustments.
--- 5.2~5.4 in Chapter 5 correspond to 5.1~5.3 in Chapter 5 of ISO /T R13115.2011, with 5.1 added;
--- 6.2~6.4 in Chapter 6 correspond to 6.1~6.3 in Chapter 6 of ISO /T R13115.2011, with 6.1 added;
--- 7.2~7.5 in Chapter 7 correspond to 7.1~7.4 in Chapter 7 of ISO /T R13115.2011, with 7.1 added.
The following editorial changes were made to this document.
---Change the unit of burst signal period T from "s" to "ms" (see the unit in Figure 1);
---Change “|I'R(f)|” in 6.3.2 to “|I'L(f)|”, and change “|U'R(f)|” to “|U'L(f)|”.
Please note that some of the contents of this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document does not assume the responsibility for identifying patents.
This document is proposed and coordinated by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Nondestructive Testing (SAC/TC56).
This document was drafted by. Jiangsu Special Equipment Safety Supervision and Inspection Institute, Shanghai Materials Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing Wusheng Technology
Co., Ltd., Hydraulic Metal Structure Quality Inspection and Testing Center of the Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing Caisheng Technology Co., Ltd., Changsha University of Science and Technology, and Central South University.
The main drafters of this document are. Ma Xiangdong, Ding Jie, Zhang Yanbing, Jiang Jiansheng, Luo Haiqiang, Li Dongfeng, Xu Jingzhong, Hu Hongwei, Ding Xiaoping,
Xu Fengjing, Wu Weiping, Dong Longjun, Lü Duo, Wu Xiao, Han Lina, Xie Tanghui, and Yang Longbin.
Introduction
The first-level calibration method for acoustic emission sensors is ISO 12713.1998[1], which introduces the vibration surface pulse method using Rayleigh surface waves for calibration.
The glass capillary fracture is used as the sound source, and the dynamic displacement of the surface is measured using a standard capacitive sensor.
According to ISO 12714.1999[2], the receiving sensitivity of the calibrated sensor is measured comparatively using the vibrating surface pulse method.
This document describes a method for calibrating the absolute sensitivity of acoustic emission sensors using Rayleigh surface waves and longitudinal waves by means of the reciprocity technique.
Since the reciprocity parameters have been derived, the absolute sensitivity can be determined by purely electrical measurements without the use of a mechanical sound source or a reference sensor.
The operating procedures of the vibrating surface pulse method and the reciprocity technique are different, but the two calibration methods have a common theoretical basis.
The vibration surface pulse method, in theory, calculates the surface displacement based on the Lamb wave theory (reference [7]), while for the reciprocity calibration method, the Rayleigh
The reciprocity parameters of the wave calibration also come from the Lamb wave theory. For Rayleigh surface wave calibration, the cyclic test has been carried out and it has been determined that the
The absolute sensitivities obtained by the two methods are in good agreement.
The purpose of both methods is the same, which is to establish the consistency of acoustic emission testing to form a basis for data correlation and to provide a basis for different laboratories to compare different
Provide interpretation of acoustic emission test results obtained over time.
This document introduces the methods of three-sensor calibration, two-sensor calibration and pulse response calibration.
The three acoustic emission sensors prepared are all reversible sensors of the same type, configured as three pairs of independent emission sensors on the solid transmission medium.
Each pair of sensors measures the transmitted signal current and received signal voltage as a function of frequency and determines the
The absolute sensitivity amplitude of Rayleigh surface waves and longitudinal waves is the frequency response. The acoustic emission sensor calibrated by three sensors can be used as an acoustic emission sensor.
The radiating or receiving sensor can be used to calibrate any one of the sensors to be calibrated by a relatively simple procedure.
The absolute receiving sensitivity of the acoustic emission sensor to be calibrated is determined by using a sensor whose emission current response has been calibrated by the three-sensor calibration method.
In addition, the impulse response of each acoustic emission sensor can be determined by three-sensor calibration.
In the calibration, the absolute sensitivity amplitude and phase frequency are obtained by three-sensor calibration based on the reciprocity parameter in complex form.
The impulse response is determined by performing an inverse Fourier transform on the frequency response.
Nondestructive Testing of Acoustic Emission Based on Reciprocity Technology
Absolute sensor calibration method
1 Scope
This paper describes the calibration of the absolute sensitivity frequency of three reversible acoustic emission sensors of the same type using the reciprocity technique.
Three-sensor calibration method for rate response.
This document describes the use of sensors whose emission current responses have been obtained using a three-sensor calibration method to determine the acoustic emission sensor to be calibrated.
Dual sensor calibration method based on absolute sensitivity amplitude-frequency response of sensors.
This document describes how to calibrate the sensors by measuring the frequency response using a three-sensor calibration method and then performing an inverse Fourier transform.
The absolute sensitivity pulse response of the sensor is used to express the calibration result.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute essential clauses of this document through normative references in this document.
For referenced documents without a date, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for referenced documents without a date, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to
This document.
GB/T 12604.4-2005 Non-destructive testing terminology Acoustic emission testing (ISO 12716.2001, IDT)
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 12604.4-2005 and the following apply to this document.
3.1
Reciprocity technology
Three reversible acoustic emission sensors of the same type are arranged on a solid transmission medium (3.8) to form three pairs of independent emission sensors and
Receiving sensors, absolute sensitivity (3.3) is determined by the calibration method of the electrical measurements of the transmitting current and receiving voltage of each sensor pair.
3.2
Reversible sensor reversibletransducer
A sensor that can be used for both transmitting and receiving.
3.3
Absolute sensitivity absolutesensitivity
The emission current response or receiving voltage sensitivity of the acoustic emission sensor (3.4).
3.4
The ratio of the open-circuit output voltage of the receiving acoustic emission sensor to the vertical component of the vibration velocity at the location where the sensor is placed.
3.5
The ratio of the vertical component of the vibration velocity at the index point (3.6) to the input current of the acoustic emission sensor used for transmission.
3.6
Index point indexpoint
A point located on the surface of the transmission medium (3.8) at a specified distance and direction from the transmitting acoustic emission sensor.
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