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GB/T 40281-2021: Determination of content of nonmetallic inclusions in steel - Extremum analytical method
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Determination of content of nonmetallic inclusions in steel - Extremum analytical method
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GB/T 40281-2021
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Basic data | Standard ID | GB/T 40281-2021 (GB/T40281-2021) | | Description (Translated English) | Determination of content of nonmetallic inclusions in steel - Extremum analytical method | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | H24 | | Word Count Estimation | 26,294 | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, China National Standardization Administration | GB/T 40281-2021: Determination of content of nonmetallic inclusions in steel - Extremum analytical method
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Determination of content of nonmetallic inclusions in steel - Extremum analytical method
ICS 77.040.99
CCSH24
National Standards of People's Republic of China
Determination of the content of non-metallic inclusions in steel
Extreme value analysis
Released on 2021-08-20
2022-03-01 implementation
State Administration of Market Supervision and Administration
Issued by the National Standardization Management Committee
Table of contents
Foreword Ⅰ
Introduction Ⅱ
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Terms and definitions 1
4 Symbols and abbreviations 5
5 Principle and Application 6
6 Operation process 6
7 Test report 11
Appendix A (informative) Calculation formula for extreme value of non-metallic inclusion size (length, diameter or area) 13
Appendix B (informative) Example of extreme value analysis of non-metallic inclusions in steel 15
Appendix C (Informative) Example of extreme value analysis of non-metallic inclusions in the as-cast state of the smelting process 21
Foreword
This document is in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Guidelines for Standardization Work Part 1.Structure and Drafting Rules of Standardization Documents"
Drafting.
Please note that some of the contents of this document may involve patents. The issuing agency of this document is not responsible for identifying patents.
This document was proposed by the China Iron and Steel Association.
This document is under the jurisdiction of the National Steel Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC183).
The main drafting units of this document. Fushun Special Steel Co., Ltd., Qiqihar Huagong Machine Tool Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Yonggang Group
Co., Ltd., Shougang Group Co., Ltd., Metallurgical Industry Information Standards Research Institute, Central Iron and Steel Research Institute, China Technical Economics Association.
The main drafters of this document. Cheng Lijie, Ju Xinhua, Gu Qiang, Li Jikang, Li Tao, Wu Jinyuan, Yan Chengming, Zhai Jilong, Yu Chao, Sun Jiqiang.
Introduction
The presence of large non-metallic oxide inclusions in steel will cause the decline of the metal's mechanical properties, resulting in unqualified performance. Non-metallic inclusions
The test method standards such as GB/T 10561 adopt the comparative method to assess the level. The level and the length of non-metallic inclusions increase exponentially.
Continuous data is difficult to correlate with the fatigue life of parts, and the detected non-metallic inclusions are accidental and the data is discrete. Some research sheets
Obviously, the extreme value analysis method applies statistical principles, increases the number of inspections for non-metallic inclusions, and performs statistical analysis on the data, which can be reflected to the greatest extent.
Reflect the distribution of non-metallic inclusions and reduce chance. The extreme value of non-metallic inclusions analyzed by the extreme value analysis method can better reflect the
The overall state of the existing non-metallic inclusions is continuously comparable in value, which can establish a correlation with the life of the part.
The extreme value analysis method allows the tester to analyze the maximum value of the endogenous non-metallic inclusions or the second phase in the steel. Under normal circumstances, measurable
The largest oxidized inclusion in the tapped sample. If necessary, the maximum value of multiple types of inclusions can also be determined.
Measure the maximum value of oxides, sulfides, silicates, point-shaped non-metallic inclusions, titanium carbonitride and other inclusions. Extreme value analysis method is also available
It is used to determine the characteristics of other microstructures, such as the extreme value of the graphite ball size in ductile cast iron, and the maximum value of carbides in tool steel and bearing steel.
Large particle size and maximum diameter of crystal grains.
The distribution characteristics of foreign inclusions in steel are not easy to predict, and other non-destructive testing methods, such as ultrasonic flaw detection, should be used to determine.
Determination of the content of non-metallic inclusions in steel
Extreme value analysis
1 Scope
This document specifies the sample preparation, inclusion inspection, extreme value calculation, extreme value graph drawing, and data for the extreme value analysis method of non-metallic inclusions in steel
Effectiveness analysis, difference evaluation and test report, etc.
This document is applicable to the extreme value analysis of non-metallic inclusions in steel, steel ingots and continuous casting slabs. The characteristic values of other microstructures can also be referred to
use. This document is not applicable to the extreme value analysis of foreign non-metallic inclusions.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute the indispensable clauses of this document through normative references in the text. Among them, dated quotations
Only the version corresponding to that date is applicable to this document; for undated reference documents, the latest version (including all amendments) is applicable to
This document.
GB/T 10561 Standard Determination of Non-metallic Inclusions in Steel Grading Chart Microscopic Inspection Method
GB/T 13298 Metal Microstructure Inspection Method
GB/T 30067 Metallographic Terms
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions defined in GB/T 30067 apply to this document.
3.1
Extremevaluedistribution
The probability density function of the characteristic value x of the largest inclusion measured on a specific area or volume meets the formula (1), then a continuous random variable
x has a maximum distribution of binary parameters (Gumbel).
f(x)=
δ exp-
x-λ
In equations (1) and (2), x represents the maximum feret diameter, which can be the size of the largest inclusion in each inspection area Ao
(Length, diameter, or area), assuming
y=
x-λ
(3)
From equation (3), equation (4) and equation (5) can be derived.
F(y)=exp[-exp(-y)] (4)
x=δy λ (5)
Where.
λ---The positioning parameter of the extreme value distribution function (equivalent to the size of the initial inclusion);
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