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GB/T 40181-2021: Test method and evaluation for flushability of disposable sanitary nonwoven materials
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Test method and evaluation for flushability of disposable sanitary nonwoven materials
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GB/T 40181-2021
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PDF similar to GB/T 40181-2021
Standard similar to GB/T 40181-2021 GB/T 40175.1 GB/T 40262 GB/T 40175.2 Basic data | Standard ID | GB/T 40181-2021 (GB/T40181-2021) | | Description (Translated English) | Test method and evaluation for flushability of disposable sanitary nonwoven materials | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | W04 | | Word Count Estimation | 34,326 | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, China National Standardization Administration | GB/T 40181-2021: Test method and evaluation for flushability of disposable sanitary nonwoven materials
---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
(Flushability test method and evaluation of sanitary nonwoven materials for pleasure)
ICS 59.080.30
W04
National Standards of People's Republic of China
Flushability of non-woven materials for disposable hygiene
Test method and evaluation
Released on 2021-05-21
2021-12-01 implementation
State Administration of Market Supervision and Administration
Issued by the National Standardization Management Committee
Flushability of non-woven materials for disposable hygiene
Test method and evaluation
1 Scope
This standard specifies the test method and evaluation of the flushability of disposable sanitary nonwoven materials, including wet breaking strength pre-test,
Cleaning test of toilet and drainage pipe, shaking box decomposition test, household pump test, sedimentation test, aerobic biodegradation/degradation test, anaerobic
There are 8 tests and evaluation methods in the biodegradation/degradation test and municipal sewage pump test.
This standard applies to disposable non-woven materials that can be thrown directly into the toilet to disperse and degrade, including dry/wet materials for infants and young children.
Towels, dry/wet wipes for feminine care, dry/wet wipes for toilets, etc.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated reference documents, only the dated version applies to this article
Pieces. For undated reference documents, the latest version (including all amendments) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 20810-2018 toilet paper (including toilet paper base paper)
GB/T 21856 Chemical rapid biodegradable carbon dioxide production test
GB/T 24218.3 Textile nonwovens test method Part 3.Determination of breaking strength and breaking elongation (strip method)
GB/T 27857 Determination of anaerobic biodegradable gas production of chemical organic matter in digested sludge
GB/T 31216 Full Price Pet Food Dog Food
CJ/T 51-2018 Urban Sewage Water Quality Standard Inspection Method
3 Definitions and terms
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1
Flushability
Under the expected use conditions, the product can keep the flush toilet and drainage pipe system unblocked, and it is compatible with the existing sewage transportation, treatment, and recycling.
The use and disposal systems are compatible, the waste becomes unrecognizable within a reasonable time, and it has the properties of dispersibility and degradability.
3.2
Simulated fecal material; SFM
A material used to simulate human feces in a flushability test.
3.3
Total suspended solids; TSS
Total suspended matter in untreated sewage or activated sludge.
3.4
Total solids; TS
The total solid mass remaining after the anaerobic digested sludge is evaporated to dryness is the sum of the dissolved solids and insoluble solids in the anaerobic sludge.
4 General
Passed toilet and drainage pipe cleaning test, shaking box decomposition test, household pump test, sedimentation test, aerobic biodegradation/degradation
Test, anaerobic biodegradation/degradation test and municipal sewage pump test total 7 tests, the smooth performance of the toilet and drainage pipe after the sample is used
And the decomposition performance, sedimentation performance, degradation performance, compatibility performance of the sewage pump, etc. in the municipal sewage treatment process are tested and evaluated.
Seven test methods are used to test and evaluate the flushability of the product. The wet fracture strength pre-test is only for reference, not as a judgment index.
5 Pre-test of wet fracture strength
5.1 General
When the sample is wet wipes and nonwoven fabrics for wet wipes, the wet breaking strength pre-test is carried out first, and dry wipes and nonwovens for dry wipes do not need to be wetted.
The pre-test of the fracture strength of the state can be directly carried out for the follow-up test.
5.2 Test method
The test method is carried out in accordance with GB/T 24218.3.The nominal clamping distance is (100±1)mm, and the stretching speed is 50mm/min. kind
When the product is a finished wet wipe, test directly, and when the sample is a non-woven fabric for wet wipes, the sample should be wetted according to the following methods.
a) Weigh the mass of each sample after humidity adjustment to the nearest 0.01g;
b) Put the sample in a suitable container, such as a beaker or glass dish, etc.;
c) Use a pipette or pipette to pipette distilled water or deionized water (2.5±0.1) times the mass of the sample and fill it on the sample.
Fill evenly on each sample;
d) After the sample is fully and evenly wetted, the tensile test should be carried out. The test should be completed within 60 minutes after the sample is wetted.
Note. The wet fracture strength of the product has a certain impact on its flushability. The wet fracture strength requirements of products for different purposes are different, and the requirements cannot be uniformly specified. wet
The pre-test of state fracture strength is the reference index, and the test results are given in the report without judgment.
6 Clean test of flush toilet and drainage pipe
6.1 Principle
A test system connected to a flush toilet and a drainage pipe is used to simulate and test a family of four who use the toilet normally for two days and
Repeat at least 3 times a day, and flush the toilet 35 times in the prescribed order. Record the position of all samples in the drainage pipe after each flush
Set, calculate the distance of the center of mass of all samples, and draw a curve of the distance of the center of mass vs. the number of flushes, so as to evaluate the product blocking the toilet and
Potential performance of water pipes.
6.2 Devices and instruments
6.2.1 Test system for flush toilets and drainage pipes
6.2.1.1 General
Including common toilet and drainage pipe testing system and water-saving toilet and drainage pipe testing system, it is recommended to use common
Type test system for testing, water-saving test system can also be used for testing according to customer requirements, but it needs to be noted in the report.
6.2.1.2 Ordinary toilet test system
Figure 1a) is a schematic diagram of a common flush toilet test system, in which the flush toilet is a direct flush toilet with a flush volume of 6L/time.
The drainage pipe connected to the drain port of the toilet uses a PVC transparent pipe with an inner diameter of (100 ± 5) mm, and a 90° inner diameter of the same inner diameter is used at the corner
Elbows or two consecutive 45° elbows are connected, there should be at least two 90° bends along the length, and each section of the pipeline should have an adjustable support.
The length of the water pipe should not be less than 20m, the downstream slope is 2%, and the drop from the sewage outlet of the toilet bowl to the center of the horizontal drainage pipe is.200mm~
300mm, leave a vent hole between 0.3m~3m from the sewage outlet. Along the length of the drain pipe, take the center line of the drain outlet of the toilet as
The starting point is marked with a length every 0.5m along the length of the drain pipe, which is used to read and record the position of the sample relative to the toilet after each flush.
6.2.1.3 Water-saving toilet test system
Figure 1b) is a schematic diagram of a water-saving toilet test system, in which the toilet is a straight-flushing rear drain toilet with a flushing volume of 4.5L/time, and
The drainage pipe connected to the toilet drain is made of a PVC transparent pipe with an inner diameter of (80±5) mm, and a 90° elbow with the same inner diameter is used at the corner.
Or connect two consecutive 45° elbows, there should be at least two 90° bends along the length, and each section of the pipeline should have an adjustable support, and the drainage pipe
The length should not be less than 15m, the downstream slope is 1%, and the distance from the sewage outlet is 0.3m~3m. Flush the toilet along the length of the drain
The sewage outlet is the starting point, and the length is marked every 0.5m, which is used to read and record the position of the sample relative to the toilet after each flush.
6.2.2 Electronic balance
The minimum graduation value is 0.01g.
6.2.3 Plastic bucket
The volume is 20L.
6.2.4 Thermometer
The graduation value is 0.1°C.
6.3 Test materials
6.3.1 Simulated excrement (SFM)
See Appendix A for the preparation of simulated excrement. Before the start of the test, take 3 simulated excreta, weigh them separately, calculate the average value, and record it.
It is 0.1g.
6.3.2 Toilet paper
Toilet paper should meet the requirements of virgin pulp toilet paper premium products specified in GB/T 20810-2018.Use rolls with a width of 100mm
To install toilet paper, each roll of toilet paper is divided into several sections according to a certain length. About 3g of toilet paper is a serving, take the number of segments closest to 3g, and fold the toilet paper
Fold into a square or approximately square, the toilet paper folding method is shown in Figure 2 (take 6 as an example). Before the test starts, take 3 pieces of toilet paper, respectively
Weigh, calculate and record the average value to the nearest 0.1g.
Figure 2 Toilet paper folding method
6.4 Establish a baseline of the test system
6.4.1 Before each test, carry out a series of tests without samples, and draw a curve of the distance between the center of mass and the number of flushes to establish a test system.
The baseline of the system to ensure that the system is effective. The test was carried out in sequence according to Table 1, and the loading procedure was repeated 7 times, for a total of 35 flushes.
Table 1 Baseline procedures for establishing a test system
. "-" means no need to add.
6.4.2 Before adding any additives to the toilet or starting flushing, make sure that the water level in the toilet reaches the marked line and the water has stopped.
6.4.3 Every time you add simulated excrement or toilet paper to the toilet, you should slowly lower it from the center of the toilet to prevent splashing out of the toilet.
6.4.4 After adding toilet paper each time, let the toilet paper absorb water to saturation.
6.4.5 After each flush, wait until the water and simulated excrement stop moving in the drainage pipe, and record all toilet paper and simulated excrement in the pipe.
For the location of the leak, take the nearest line as its location.
6.4.6 Calculate the distance of the center of mass of the additive. the distance of the center of mass (hereinafter referred to as the "center of mass distance") is used to characterize the additive (such as the simulation row).
For the movement of leakage, toilet paper, test sample) in the drainage pipe, calculate the centroid distance of all additives according to formula (1).
COM=
i=1
(Mi×Di)
i=1Mi
(1)
Where.
COM---the centroid distance of all additives in the pipeline, in meters (m);
Mi ---the mass of each additive in the drainage pipe (i=1,,n), in grams (g);
Di ---The distance between each additive in the drainage pipe and the toilet drain (i=1,,n), in meters (m).
6.5 Judging the effectiveness of the test system
6.5.1 Without adding samples, there should be no need to use other tools (such as manual water pullers, etc.) to clean the toilet and drain
Blockage of the pipeline.
6.5.2 During any 5 consecutive flushes, the centroid distance of the additive should not continue to decrease.
6.5.3 When the test results meet 6.5.1 and 6.5.2, the test system is valid.
6.6 Sample preparation
When the sample is a finished product that can be flushed dry/wet wipes, take 126 pieces of dry/wet wipes as the sample; when the sample is a non-finished product, the distance between
In the upper area, 126 samples of.200mm×150mm were randomly cut. Take representative samples and avoid defects that may affect the results
Points and folds. When the sample is a finished wet wipe, test the dry weight of the sample in accordance with the method specified in Appendix B.
Note. In addition, 63 copies of simulated excrement that meet the requirements of 6.3.1 and 84 copies of toilet paper that meet the requirements of 6.3.2 are required.
6.7 Test system preparation
6.7.1 Confirm that the toilet and drainage pipe system is normal.
6.7.2 Clean the toilet and drainage pipe system by repeated flushing. After the water stops flowing from the end of the drainage pipe (about 1 min), at the end of the pipe
Place a suitable container at the end.
6.7.3 Flush the toilet again, and use a container to collect the water discharged from the end of the pipe, measure the volume of water in the container and record it, and the result is accurate to the decimal point
Click the next digit.
6.7.4 Repeat steps 6.7.2 to 6.7.3 twice.
6.7.5 Calculate the average of the three recorded data, and the result is accurate to one digit after the decimal point.
6.8 Test procedure
6.8.1 The samples are tested in sequence according to Table 2, and the loading procedure is repeated 7 times as a set of tests. Each sample is subjected to 3 sets of tests, and a total of flushing is required.
105 times. Relevant interested parties can also use other parameters based on negotiation and indicate in the report.
Table 2 Sample loading procedure
6.8.2 Confirm that the toilet and drainage piping system is clean before the start of the test experiment.
6.8.3 Perform flushing sequence 1 in Table 2, i.e. simulate female urination, add 1 piece of toilet paper and 2 pieces of sample to the toilet.
After the material has fully absorbed water, make the toilet flush once. After the additives stop moving in the drainage pipe, record all the additives in the drainage pipe.
In the location.
6.8.4 Observe the retention of additives in the drainage pipeline. If there is no retention of additives in the drainage pipeline, operate directly in accordance with 6.8.5.in case
If there are additives in the drainage pipe, follow the flushing sequence 2 in Table 2, that is to simulate male urination, without adding additives. Pipeline to be drained
After the retained additives stop moving, record the position of all additives in the drainage pipe.
6.8.5 Perform flushing sequence 3 in Table 2, i.e. simulate female urination, add 1 piece of toilet paper and 2 pieces of sample to the toilet.
After the material fully absorbs water, make the toilet flush once. After the additives stop moving in the drainage pipe, record all the additives in the drainage pipe.
In the location.
6.8.6 Observe the retention of additives in the drainage pipeline. If there is no retention of additives in the drainage pipeline, operate directly in accordance with 6.8.7.in case
If there are additives in the drainage pipe, follow the flushing sequence 4 in Table 2, that is to simulate male urination, without adding additives. Pipeline to be drained
After the retained additives stop moving, record the position of all additives in the drainage pipe.
6.8.7 Perform flushing sequence 5 in Table 2, i.e. simulate defecation, add 3 parts of simulated excrement, 2 parts of toilet paper and 2 pieces of sample to the toilet
After the additives fully absorb water, make the toilet flush once, and after the additives stop moving in the drainage pipe, record all the additives in the water
Position in the road.
6.8.8 Repeat steps 6.8.3~6.8.7 6 times.
6.8.9 Calculate the centroid distance of the additive according to formula (1).
6.8.10 Repeat steps 6.8.2 to 6.8.9 twice.
6.9 Calculation and evaluation of results
6.9.1 Calculation and presentation of results
Calculate the centroid distance of each added sample according to formula (1), and draw the centroid distance-flush times curve, as shown in Figure 3.Figure 3 is the quality
Centroid distance-flush times curve example graph, each set of test in the legend curve only has the 5th step, the centroid distance becomes smaller, and the other steps are rising or water
It is flat, indicating that the sample can be flushed very well, basically it can be flushed out of the drain every time, only when there is a simulated excrement in the additive, it drops. If
In the process of 5 consecutive flushes, the centroid distance of the sample continues to decrease, and the curve shows that the connection of 5 corresponding points continuously drops.
Figure 3 Example graph of centroid distance-flush times curve
6.9.2 Evaluation
6.9.2.1 In the case of adding samples, other tools (such as manual water pullers, etc.) are needed to clean the toilet and drain pipes.
The congestion should not be more than once.
6.9.2.2 During any 5 consecutive flushes, the centroid distance of the sample should not continue to decrease.
6.9.2.3 When the results meet 6.9.2.1 and 6.9.2.2, the sample passes the toilet and sewer cleaning test.
7 Decomposition test of shaking box
7.1 Principle
The sample is placed in a shaking box containing 2L tap water, and after oscillating at a certain frequency and amplitude for 60 minutes, the sample is transferred to a
On a porous sieve with an aperture of 12.5 mm, collect and weigh the sample remaining on the porous sieve of the sieve, and calculate the dry weight of the sample passing through the sieve as the original
Percentage of the dry weight of the sample.
7.2 Equipment and materials
7.2.1 Shaking box. consists of one or more (preferably 3) plastic boxes with internal dimensions of 43cm in length×33cm in width×30cm in height, fixed in one
On a plane, the plane is driven by cams and levers to oscillate back and forth at a speed of 26r/min. Each plastic box is equipped with transparent plastic
Cover to control water splashing and observe the test process.
7.2.2 Thermometer. the graduation value is 0.1℃.
7.2.3 Timer or stopwatch.
7.2.4 Perforated sieve. the diameter is 20cm, the aperture is 12.5mm, and the edges of the holes should be smooth and not easy to hook fibers.
7.2.5 Tweezers.
7.2.6 Handle filter spoon. filter mesh aperture ≤ 1mm.
7.2.7 Two beakers. the volumes are 2.5L and 0.5L respectively.
7.3 Sample preparation
When the sample is a finished product of flushable dry/wet wipes, take 6 pieces of dry/wet wipes as samples, take 10 pieces of dry/wet wipes and weigh the dry weight of the sample; the sample is
When it is not a finished product, cut 6 samples of.200mm×150mm in the area more than 100mm from the edge of the cloth, and weigh 10 samples of dry weight.
Take representative samples and avoid defects and wrinkles that may affect the results.
When the sample is a finished product of flushable wet wipes, the water-soluble additives in the sample should be removed in accordance with the method specified in Appendix C.
Weigh the dry weight of the sample according to the method specified in Appendix B.
7.4 Preparation before test
7.4.1 The temperature of the tap water used for the test is (22±3)°C.
7.4.2 In the safe state of disconnecting the power supply, place the 3 shaking boxes on the vibrating platform, and add 2L of tap water to the box.
7.5 Test procedure
7.5.1 Measure and record the water temperature and room temperature, accurate to one digit after the decimal point.
7.5.2 Put a sample into each plastic box (see 7.2.1) of the shaking box and cover it with a transparent plastic cover. When the sample is a finished wet wipe, shake
The shaking time is 60min; the shaking time is 10min when the sample is a finished product or non-finished product.
7.5.3 Add 2L of tap water to a 2.5L beaker, and add 0.5L of tap water to a 0.5L beaker. Use a handle filter spoon (see
7.2.6) Take out the sample in the shaking box. Dip the filter spoon together with the collected sample into a 2.5L beaker to transfer the sample to the 2.5L beaker.
Turn the filter spoon to make the sample fall off more easily.
7.5.4 Repeat step 7.5.3 until all the samples that can be retrieved are transferred out of the shaking box. If the filter spoon is too short
If the fiber remains, clean the plastic box and refill 2L of tap water before starting to test the next sample.
7.5.5 Place the filter spoon face down on top of the 2.5L beaker, use the water in the 0.5L beaker to carefully rinse the remaining sample on the filter spoon to
2.5L beaker.
7.5.6 Transfer all the samples in the 2.5L large beaker to the porous sieve (see 7.2.4), and clean the beaker with tap water if necessary.
7.5.7 Clean the porous screen according to Appendix D and collect the samples remaining on the porous screen.
7.5.8 Weigh the dry weight of the remaining sample on the porous sieve in accordance with the requirements of Appendix B.
7.5.9 When necessary, drain the water in the plastic box and clean its bottom and side walls.
7.5.10 Repeat steps 7.5.2~7.5.9 until all samples have been tested.
7.6 Calculation and evaluation of results
7.6.1 Result calculation
Calculate the decomposition percentage of each sample according to formula (2) (the part that passes through the 12.5mm porous sieve is regarded as decomposition).
7.6.2 Evaluation
7.6.2.1 For dry wipes and non-dry/wet wipes finished samples, the decomposition percentage of at least 5 samples should be greater than 90%.
7.6.2.2 For wet tissue samples, the decomposition percentage of at least 5 samples should be greater than 70%.
7.6.2.3 When the result meets 7.6.2.1 or 7.6.2.2, the sample passes the shaking box test.
8 Household pump test
8.1 Principle
The test system connected by the toilet, the drain pipe and the domestic sewage pump, according to the prescribed procedures to add toilet paper and test samples and flush
Water, simulating the frequency of use of the toilet in a family of four, and evaluating the impact of the sample on the domestic sewage pump and sewage system.
8.2 Test system
The schematic diagram of the test system is shown in Figure 4 and includes the following components.
a) Flush toilet, flushing volume is 6L/time;
b) The connecting pipe, the transparent PVC pipe connecting the toilet and the pool, with an inner diameter of (100±5) mm, which can be composed of 3 to 4 sections;
c) The pool has a height of (70±2)cm and an inner diameter of (50±2)cm;
d) Jet sewage submersible pump, power is 186W~559W, maximum flow is 21.6m3/h, head is 5.7m, and the drain is vertical
Straight;
e) Check valve, matching the pipeline;
f) Vertical pipes and pipe fittings, the inner diameter of the pipe is 55mm, and the length is ≥2.4m;
g) Horizontal pipeline, with a slope of 1%~2%;
h) Filter screen, pore size ≤5mm, used to collect the solids discharged from the end of the drain pipe.
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