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GB/T 36090-2018: Gas analysis -- Guide for quality assurance of online automatic measuring system
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Gas analysis -- Guide for quality assurance of online automatic measuring system
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Basic data | Standard ID | GB/T 36090-2018 (GB/T36090-2018) | | Description (Translated English) | Gas analysis -- Guide for quality assurance of online automatic measuring system | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | G86 | | Classification of International Standard | 71.100.20 | | Word Count Estimation | 50,56 | | Date of Issue | 2018-03-15 | | Date of Implementation | 2018-10-01 | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, China National Standardization Administration | GB/T 36090-2018: Gas analysis -- Guide for quality assurance of online automatic measuring system---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
Gas analysis--Guide for quality assurance of on line automatic measuring system
ICS 71.100.20
G86
National Standards of People's Republic of China
Gas analysis online automatic measurement system
Quality Assurance Guide
Measuringsystem
Published on.2018-03-15
2018-10-01 implementation
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
China National Standardization Administration issued
Content
Foreword III
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Terms and Definitions 1
4 symbol code 2
5 AMS Laboratory Assessment (Procedure 1) 5
5.1 Overview 5
5.2 AMS Functional Test 5
5.3 Measurement System Calibration Conditions 5
5.4 Uncertainty assessment and applicability assessment 6
5.5 Field Verification 11
5.6 Report 11
6 AMS Calibration and Variability Testing (Procedure 2) 12
6.1 Overview 12
6.2 Installation 12
6.3 Functional Test 13
6.4 Calibration 13
6.5 Variability 16
6.6 Report 17
7 AMS Continuous Operation Quality Assurance (Procedure 3) 17
7.1 Overview 17
7.2 CUSUM Control Figure 17
7.3 Program Reset (Initialization) 20
7.4 Calculation Procedure 20
7.5 Inspection of reduced accuracy 21
7.6 Drift test and necessary adjustments 21
8 Annual monitoring procedures (procedure 4) 21
8.1 Functional Test 21
8.2 SRM parallel measurement 21
8.3 Test Process 22
8.4 Variability calculation 23
8.5 Calibration of variability and validity of the calibration function 23
8.6 Report 23
9 Record and Document Management 23
Appendix A (Normative) AMS Functional Test 24
Appendix B (Normative) Linear Test 26
Appendix C (informative) Chemical interferences 28
Appendix D (informative) UV-fluorescence method for the determination of sulphur dioxide content in ambient air
Appendix E (informative) Calculation and variability test examples for calibration functions 34
Appendix F (informative) Zero and range standard deviation calculation example 39
Appendix G (informative) Calibration function variability test example 41
Appendix H (informative) Records and Document Management 44
Foreword
This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard was proposed by the China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Gas Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC206).
This standard was drafted. Southwest Chemical Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Chengdu Yike Tongchuang Technology Co., Ltd., Sichuan Zhongjian Standards Technology
Co., Ltd., Xi'an Dingyan Technology Co., Ltd., Guangdong Huate Gas Co., Ltd., Shanghai Huaai Chromatography Analysis Technology Co., Ltd.
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Petrochemical Supervision and Inspection Institute, China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation Seventy-eighth Research Institute, Suzhou City China Testing Technology
Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Xinrui Environmental Monitoring Co., Ltd.
The main drafters of this standard. He Daoshan, Chen Yali, Liu Bo, Li Wei, Wang Weikang, Yang Jiawei, Wang Xianjian, Shi Zhaoqi, Cao Linjun, Liao Hengyi,
Chen Yanshan, Fang Hua, Du Juan, Ma Kunjia, Zhang Yuguang, Huang Weimin, Dai Xuanzhen.
Gas analysis online automatic measurement system
Quality Assurance Guide
1 Scope
This standard specifies the quality assurance procedures for the online gas automatic measurement system (AMS).
--- Procedure 1, before the AMS installation, conduct a laboratory evaluation to confirm the applicability of AMS;
--- Procedure 2, after AMS installation, calibrate the AMS and evaluate the measurement variability to confirm the appropriate AMS installation
Useability
--- Procedure 3, in the AMS operation, check the measurement accuracy, zero and span drift, and confirm the quality of the AMS measurement results;
--- Procedure 4, an annual monitoring program to assess the effectiveness of AMS operations, performance, calibration functions, and variability during the year.
This standard only applies to the quality assurance of AMS, and does not include the quality assurance of data acquisition and recording systems.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only dated versions apply to this article.
Pieces. For undated references, the latest edition (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 14850 Gas Analysis Vocabulary (GB/T 14850-2008, ISO 7504.2001, IDT)
GB/T 27025 General requirements for testing and calibration laboratory capabilities (GB/T 27025-2008, ISO /IEC 17025.2005,
IDT)
JJF1059.1 Measurement Uncertainty Evaluation and Representation
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions defined in GB/T 14850 apply to this document.
3.1
Automatic measurement system automatedmeasuringsystem;AMS
Automatic monitoring system permanently installed on site, including analyzers, sampling equipment, sample pretreatment equipment, etc.
3.2
Standard reference method standardreferencemethod; SRM
In order to verify the method used for standard measuring devices that are temporarily installed in the field.
3.3
CUSUM chart CUSUMchart
The drift and accuracy variation accumulation and control maps are compared to the uncertainty components obtained in Procedure 1.
3.4
Drift drift
During unattended periods, the measurement function changes with a monotonic change in the calibration function over time.
3.5
Instability
Drift and measured value changes caused by changes in the calibration function during unattended periods.
3.6
Instrument reading instrument reading
The measured value directly read from the AMS without using the correction function.
3.7
Unattended time periodofunattendedoperation
The maximum allowable time interval for which the operating characteristics remain within a predetermined range.
3.8
Precision precision
The degree of consistency between consecutive zero readings and continuous range readings over a specified time interval.
3.9
Response time responsetime
AMS response time when the characteristic value suddenly changes.
3.10
Range reading spanreading
The analog input is an AMS instrument reading that is approximately 80% of the measurement range.
3.11
Variability variability
The standard deviation of the difference between SRM and AMS parallel measurements.
3.12
Zero reading zeroreading
Instrument readings when the AMS analog input content parameter is zero.
4 symbol code
The following symbolic codes apply to this document.
a. The intercept of the calibration function.
The best estimate of a^.a.
b. slope of the calibration function.
The best estimate of b^.b.
Bj. the amount of influence xj is the sensitivity coefficient of c in C=ctest.
Bj,max. the maximum value of bj.
C. The amount to be measured.
The measured value of c.C.
Ctest. Specifies (specifies) the measured value of C under measurement uncertainty.
Di. The difference between the SRM measurement value yi and the AMS calibration value y^i.
D. the average value of Di.
Dadjust. The amount by which the AMS makes adjustments when drift is detected.
Dt. The difference between the current reading of the AMS and the reference value.
Dt-1. The difference between the previous reading of the AMS and the reference value.
E. The specified limit.
f yi( )cal. Analytic function; excludes the input quantity function affected by the affected quantity.
Hs. Test value with reduced detection accuracy.
Hx. Test value for detecting drift.
Ij. The change in the rate of change of the measured value and the interference value xi in C=ctest.
k. contains the factor.
Ks. standard deviation tentative sum calculation constant.
Kv. variability test value.
Kx. positive and negative difference tentative value and calculation constant, AMS adjusts the calculation constant.
LV. Limit.
m. the total number of influences.
n. The total number of inputs.
N. The number of samples in the parallel measurement pair.
N(s). The number of readings when the standard deviation is not zero.
N(pos). The number of readings when a positive difference is detected.
N(neg). The number of readings when a negative difference is detected.
P. percentage value.
Sp. A standard deviation of the standard deviation of AMS (procedure 3).
St. Temporary sum of standard deviations of AMS at time t (procedure 3).
St-1. Temporary sum of standard deviations of AMS at time t-1 (procedure 3).
sD. The standard deviation of the difference Di in parallel measurements.
s[c(xj)]. The standard deviation of c obtained by xj in C=ctest.
Sxj( ). C= standard deviation of xj in ctest.
Sinst(yi). The standard deviation of yi due to unstable random parts.
Sr(yi). The repeatability standard deviation of the input quantity yi.
sR(yi). The standard deviation of the recurrence of the input quantity yi.
s(^yi). The standard deviation of the calibration value measured by the input amount Yi.
T0.975. The probability of a 97.5% t distribution.
UC. C=ctest The synthetic extended uncertainty of c (95% confidence interval).
Ureq. C=ctest specifies the (or required) extended uncertainty (95% confidence interval).
Uc.C=the standard uncertainty of the synthesis of c in ctest.
u(bj). The standard uncertainty of bj in C=ctest.
u[c(xj)]. C=ctest The extended uncertainty component of the measured value c caused by the influence amount xj.
u(xj), u(Δxj). The standard uncertainty of the xj difference between the measurement and the associated calibration.
Up. Standard uncertainty component.
u[^c(^yi)]. The standard uncertainty component of c (the uncertainty of the calibration function of the experimentally determined input Yi).
Ufit[c(yi)]. The standard uncertainty component of c (the miscalculation of the calibration function of input Yi).
Uinst[ci(yi)]. The standard uncertainty component of c (instability random uncertainty of input Yi).
Ur[c(yi)]. The standard uncertainty component of c (repetition of input Yi).
uR[c(yi)]. The standard uncertainty component of c (input Yi recurrence).
Ureq. The maximum allowable standard uncertainty of the measured value.
u(yi). The standard uncertainty of the input quantity Yi.
Uinst. Standard uncertainty caused by instability.
Utemp. The standard uncertainty caused by the influence of temperature.
Upres. Standard uncertainty caused by the effects of pressure.
Uvolt. The standard uncertainty caused by the influence of voltage.
Uothers. Any other standard uncertainty that may affect the reading of the starting point and the reading of the range.
Wi. weighting factor of input quantity Yi; first derivative
∂fy1yn( )
∂yi
X. The amount of influence.
Xj. The jth amount of influence.
Xj. The value of Xj.
Xj,cal. The value of the influence quantity Xj in the calibration.
Xj,max. the maximum value of the influence amount xj.
Xj,min. the minimum value of the influence amount xj.
Xi. The ith measurement signal obtained by the AMS under the measurement conditions of the AMS.
x. The average value of the AMS measurement signal xi.
Reference value at xt.t (program 3).
Y. Input amount (program 1).
Yi. The ith input (program 1).
Yi. the value of Yi (program 1).
Yi,fit. The linearity of the input quantity yi in C=ctest (program 1).
Yi. The i-th result of SRM.
y. the average of the SRM results yi.
Yi, s. The value of SRM under standard conditions.
Ys, min. The minimum value of SRM under standard conditions.
Ys, max. The maximum value of SRM under standard conditions.
y^i. The best estimate of the "true value" calculated by the calibration function from the AMS measurement signal xi.
y^i,s. The best estimate of the "true value" calculated from the AMS measurement signal xi under standard conditions.
Yt. Actual instrument reading of AMS at t (proc. 3).
Z. Offset (the difference between the AMS zero reading and zero).
∑(pos)p. The temporary sum of the AMS drifts.
∑(pos)t. the sum of the positive drifts of the AMS at time t.
∑(pos)t-1. The sum of the positive drift of the AMS in the previous (t-1).
∑ (neg) p. Temporary sum of AMS negative drift.
∑(neg)t. the sum of the AMS negative drift at t.
∑(neg)t-1. the sum of the AMS negative drifts of the previous time (t-1).
sAMS. The standard deviation of the AMS used in Program 3.
α. the level of significance.
Εi. The deviation between yi and the expected value.
Σ0. Uncertainty of the requirement (or regulation).
Δc(xj). The systematic deviation of c caused by xj.
Δc(xj,p). The change in c caused by the maximum positive change of the influence amount xj after calibration; note the sign including the value.
Δc(xj,n). The change in c caused by the maximum negative change of the influence amount xj after calibration; note the sign including the value.
Δxj. The difference between the measurement and the corresponding calibration xj.
Δxj,p. measure the maximum positive difference between xj and the corresponding calibration.
Δxj,n. The maximum negative difference between the measured and the corresponding calibration xj.
5 AMS Laboratory Assessment (Procedure 1)
5.1 Overview
AMS should be evaluated in accordance with Procedure 1 prior to installation on the AMS site.
The evaluation laboratory shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 27025. Third-party laboratories can be hired when the factory does not have a qualified laboratory
get on.
The laboratory evaluation procedure (procedure 1) includes.
a) AMS functional test;
b) AMS uncertainty assessment and applicability assessment;
c) on-site verification of laboratory evaluation results;
d) Confirm the applicability of AMS.
5.2 AMS functional test
The functional test shall be consistent with the technical specifications given by the AMS supplier (manufacturer).
The functional test of AMS is shown in Appendix A. The main contents of the test include.
---AMS visual inspection;
---Zero and span check;
--- Drift test;
---Linear test;
---Interference test;
--- Response time test, etc.
See Appendix B for linear testing of AMS.
5.3 Measurement System Calibration Conditions
5.3.1 General
The calibration conditions will play an important role in determining the effect of the amount of influence on the measured value. Calibration of each input will involve
The calibration condition at the time, and any change in calibration conditions in subsequent measurements will result in a deviation until recalibration is required. To this end, it should be as in 5.3.2
5.3.3 Determine the calibration conditions.
During the measurement, if the calibration is performed periodically, the change in the amount of influence between successive calibrations should be determined.
5.3.2 Chemical influence
Specify the maximum value xj,max of the chemical interference Xj in this field. In exhaust gas monitoring, if the value has no fixed information, then
Use the maximum value given in Appendix C.
Specify the minimum value xj,min of the chemical interference Xj, which is usually zero.
Specify the given value of the calibration substance xj, cal. When calibrating by parallel measurement of AMS and SRM, xj,min and xj,max are usually used.
The average value is taken as the value of xj, cal.
In order to be as close as possible to the matrix of the sample, it is sometimes possible to introduce the calibration material directly into the sample gas by adding a known amount of the measurement component.
In this case, the value of the chemical influence amount in the subsequent calibration is not constant. Direct estimation of the interaction between successive calibrations of dynamic processes
Learn the maximum positive and negative deviation of the interference value.
5.3.3 Physical influence
If the value xj of the physical influence amount Xj (for example, temperature and pressure) is the same every time the calibration is performed, the value is taken as xj, cal, and
Xj,max and xj,min should use the maximum and minimum values of the influence when measuring.
If the estimate is not the same when calibrating, the maximum positive and negative changes that occur during the measurement should be taken directly until the next calibration.
(xj, max-xj, cal) and (xj, min-xj, cal) (note the sign contained in the value).
5.4 Uncertainty assessment and applicability assessment
5.4.1 Overview
The evaluation principle and general requirements for measurement uncertainty are specified in JJF1059.1.
The measurement should be clearly defined.
It should be confirmed that the performance of the measurement system is valid.
The steps of the measurement procedure (eg, sampling, analysis, post-processing, and calibration) and materials (eg, reference materials) should be described.
The required measurement quality should be clearly stated.
--- Required extended uncertainty Ureq (95% confidence);
--- Define the test value ctest of Ureq;
--- Define the average time of Ureq.
The evaluation process is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 Applicability assessment process
5.4.2 Analytic functions, model functions, variance functions
The analytical function between the input quantity yi and the measured value c is given by equation (1).
c=fy1,..,yn( ) (1)
If the influence quantity xj produces a correction term for the measured value c, the general model function of the measured value c is given by equation (2).
c=f y1,,yn( ) cal ∑
j=1
Bj× xi-xj,cal( ) (2)
If the input is not related to the amount of influence, the variance of c is given by equation (3).
Varc( )=∑
∂f
∂yi
÷varyi( ) ∑
B2jvar(xj-xj,cal) ∑
Xi-xj,cal( )
×val(bj)
(3)
From equation (3), the square of the synthetic standard uncertainty uc is the weighted sum of the input and the square of the uncertainty of the influence, see equation (4).
U2c=∑
W2i×u2(yi) ∑
B2j×u2(Δxj) (4)
If the uncertainty of the experimentally determined sensitivity coefficient (bj) is not negligible, then the term ∑ Δx2ju2(bj) should be included in equation (4).
5.4.3 Analysis of source of uncertainty
5.4.3.1 Principle requirements
The source of uncertainty should be analyzed according to the actual measurement situation, especially the main ones that have the greatest impact on the measurement uncertainty.
The source of certainty should not be duplicated or missing.
Measurement errors or any unexpected events should not be considered as a source of uncertainty.
Not all sources of uncertainty need to be included in the calculation plan. Any uncertainty component does not exceed the maximum standard uncertainty
If the amount is 20%, the source of uncertainty is negligible.
5.4.3.2 Uncertainty related to response time
Response time is the source of uncertainty for continuous measurement systems.
The measured value may be affected by the previous sample (hysteresis effect), or by the sampling process (eg, mixing, reversible adsorption, etc.), or the test process
Affected by (eg, electronic time constants, etc.), the actual impact will depend on the response time being measured.
Claim.
--- The response time should be less than 25% of the average time, at which point its impact is negligible;
--- Under high dynamic conditions, the fluctuation of the measured value within 5% of the average time is higher than the test value (ctest), then the response time should be
Less than 10% of the average time. At this point, its impact is negligible.
5.4.3.3 Uncertainty related to calibration
Sources of uncertainty associated with calibration include.
---The deviation of the experimental calibration function (deviation, miscalculation);
--- Uncertainty of standard samples or reference methods;
--- (Instrumental) drift/instability and so on.
5.4.3.4 Influence of input quantity
The amount of influence on the input includes.
--- a component of the gas that may change the measured value;
--- can change the physical quantity of the measured value, such as temperature, pressure, radiation, power supply voltage and frequency;
---Chemical interference substances;
--- The influence of the operator, etc.
5.4.3.5 Others
Other various factors of uncertainty include.
---Sampling and transport effects;
--- adsorption, desorption efficiency;
---Noise, etc.
5.4.4 Estimation of uncertainty components
5.4.4.1 General
The value of the measurement system performance characteristic may be a claimed value (manufacturer's description) or an actual measured value. Any one of them can be used
Determine whether the required measurement quality is met. The values used in this process should be representative in the measurement procedure.
The value of any performance characteristic may cause measurement uncertainty, and the quantification of its impact can only be performed at the test level C=ctest.
For example, the influence of the influence amount Xj includes the system deviation Δc(xj) and the random error scxj( )[ ]. Taking the square root of the mean square error as
For the measurement of standard uncertainty, see equation (5).
u[c(xj)]= Δc2(xj) s2[c(xj)] (5)
The uncertainty of the amount of influence (xj) is calculated as shown in equation (6).
u(xj)= Δx2j s2(xj) (6)
If the upper and lower limits of an influence quantity deviation are known, the standard uncertainty u(xj) can be obtained by the calculation of equation (7).
Uxj( )=
Δx2j,p Δxj,p( )× Δxj,n( ) Δx2j,n
(7)
It is assumed here that the probability distribution of the quantities is a uniform (rectangular) distribution, for example, temperature; note the notation including Δxj,p and Δxj,n.
If the two extreme values are zero-symmetric, then equation (7) is transformed into equation (8).
u(xj)=
Δxj,p
(8)
Typically, the value of the performance characteristic is the result of an experimental test. Unless this contribution is rated less, the uncertainty associated with this calculation is here
Cheng Cheng should be considered as an additional contribution.
5.4.4.2 Repeatability and reproducibility
The reproducibility of the input can include a variety of sources of uncertainty, such as noise, calibration uncertainty, instability/drift, operator shadow
The amount of influence and environmental impact.
Reproducibility only contains random parts of the source of uncertainty. Systemic impacts from the same source should be treated separately.
Calculate the recurrence standard uncertainty uR[c(yi)] of C=ctest using the recurrence standard deviation sR(yi) of the input quantity according to equation (9).
uR cyi( )[ ]=wi×SR yi( ) (9)
All sources of uncertainty may be covered by reproducibility. In addition to noise, the source of uncertainty should be introduced separately in this process.
According to the formula (10), the repeatability standard uncertainty ur[c(yi)] of C=ctest is calculated by the repeatability standard deviation sr(yi) of the input amount i.
Ur cyi( )[ ]=wi×sr yi( ) (10)
5.4.4.3 Linear
If the applied linear calibration function does not match the actual calibration function, such as nonlinearity, it is called linear miscalculation. Corresponding to C=ctest
Yi=yi, the linear miscalculation of the input quantity Yi measured in test, which is the difference between the measured value of Yi of the calibration function and yi, test Δyi, fit.
The standard uncertainty corresponding to the measured value c is calculated using equation (11).
Ufitcyi( )[ ]=wi×Δyi,fit (11)
If the linear miscalculation is specified as a symmetrical upper and lower limit, for example, a percentage value ± P, the equivalent of equation (8) can be applied.
5.4.4.4 Uncertainty of the calibration function
The experimental calibration function is obtained from the measurements. Because the number of measurements is limited, there is always a residual uncertainty in the applied function.
Determine the Yi=yi corresponding to C=ctest, and the uncertainty of the calibration function of the input quantity Yi in test is the standard deviation s(^yi). According to formula (12)
A standard uncertainty component corresponding to the measured value c is calculated.
Ucii( )[ ]=wi×sy^i( ) (12)
5.4.4.5 Instability/Drift
Corresponding to Yi=yi of C=ctest, the change of the measured value of the input quantity Yi in test is represented by instability, which includes the system of drift D(yi)
The general term and the random term sinst(yi). The standard uncertainty of the measured value c is given by equation (13).
Uinst[c(yi)]=wi
D2(yi) s2inst(yi)
(13)
If instability (drift) is specified as a symmetrical upper and lower limit, for example, every q days is specified as a percentage value ± P, then available
The equivalent of equation (8) is used to calculate the standard uncertainty.
5.4.4.6 Selectivity
The selectivity Ij indicates that the change in the measured value c is attributed to the change in the interference value xj, which corresponds to the sensitivity coeff...
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