GB/T 32959: Evolution and historical versions
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Bearing steels for forged bars, rings and blanks
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GB/T 32959-2025
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High-Carbon Chromium Bearing Steel for Large Forged Bars
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GB/T 32959-2016
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Basic data | Standard ID | GB/T 32959-2025 (GB/T32959-2025) | | Description (Translated English) | Bearing steels for forged bars, rings and blanks | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Date of Implementation | 2026-03-01 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB/T 32959-2016 | GB/T 32959-2016: High-Carbon Chromium Bearing Steel for Large Forged Bars---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
High-carbon chromium bearing steel for large forged bars
ICS 77.140.10
H40
National Standards of People's Republic of China
Carbon chromium bearing steel large forged steel bars
Issued on. 2016-08-29
2017-07-01 implementation
Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of People's Republic of China
Standardization Administration of China released
Foreword
This standard was drafted in accordance with GB/T 1.1-2009 given rules.
The standard proposed by China Iron and Steel Association.
This standard by the National Steel Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC183) centralized.
This standard was drafted. Dongbei Special Steel Group Beiman Special Steel Co., Ltd., Metallurgical Industry Information Standards Institute, Wafangdian Bearing
Group Co., Ltd., Steel Research Institute.
The main drafters of this Standard. Money into a cloud, Yancheng Ming Zhou Yan Tian, Yu Feng.
Carbon chromium bearing steel large forged steel bars
1 Scope
This standard specifies the high carbon chromium bearing steel large forged steel bars ordering content, size, shape, weight, technical requirements, test methods, inspection
Rules, and packaging, marking and quality certification.
This standard applies to the production of bearing rings with a nominal diameter of 400mm ~ 1000mm high carbon chromium bearing steel forged steel bars (hereinafter referred to as steel
material).
2 Normative references
The following documents for the application of this document is essential. For dated references, only the dated version suitable for use herein
Member. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 223.5 steel measuring soluble silicon and total silicon content reduced silicon molybdate salt spectrophotometric method
GB/T 223.9 Determination of chromium steel and alloy aluminum content of Azure S spectrophotoelectric DEGREE
Determination of GB/T 223.11 steel and alloy chromium content of visual titration or potentiometric titration
GB/T 223.23 steel and alloy - Determination of nickel content dimethylglyoxime spectrophotometry
GB/T 223.26 steel and alloy - Determination of molybdenum content - Thiocyanate spectrophotometric
GB/T 223.29 Steel and Alloy Determination of lead content - Carrier precipitation - xylenol orange spectrophotometric method
GB/T 223.31 Determination of arsenic in steel and alloy distillation - molybdenum blue spectrophotometric method
GB/T 223.47 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy carrier precipitation - molybdenum blue spectrophotometric determination of antimony content
GB/T 223.50 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy fluorescent phenyl ketone - Direct spectrophotometric determination of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide
Tin
GB/T 223.53 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloys by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometric method for determination of copper content
GB/T 223.62 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy butyl acetate extraction spectrophotometric determination of phosphorus content
GB/T 223.63 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy The sodium (potassium) for Determination of amount
Determination of calcium content GB/T 223.77 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloys by flame atomic absorption spectrometry
GB/T 223.82 Steel inert gas hydrogen content was measured by pulse fusion thermal conductivity method
GB/T 223.84 steel and titanium alloys - Determination of two methane antipyrine spectrophotometry
After GB/T 223.85 steel and alloy sulfur content induction furnace combustion infrared absorption method
After the determination of GB/T 223.86 total carbon content and alloy steel induction furnace combustion infrared absorption method
Determination of depth of decarburization GB/T 224-2008 Steel
GB/T 226 steel macrostructure and defect etching test method
GB/T 231.1 metallic materials Brinell hardness test - Part 1. Test methods
GB/T 1979 structure steel macrostructure and defect rating FIG.
GB/T 4336 carbon steel and low alloy steel spark source atomic emission spectrometry method (conventional method)
GB/T 6402 Steel Forgings Ultrasonic Testing Method
GB/T 10561-2005 Steel - Determination of content of nonmetallic inclusions - Micrographic method standards diagrams
GB/T 11261 steel oxygen content measured pulse heating inert gas fusion - infrared absorption method
GB/T 18254-2016 high carbon chromium bearing steel
GB/T 20066 Steel and iron - Sampling and determination of the chemical composition of the sample with a sample preparation method
GB/T 20123 Steel - Determination of total carbon and sulfur content of the high-frequency induction furnace combustion infrared absorption method (conventional method)
GB/T 20125 low-alloy steel multi-element content - Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry
3 order contents
In accordance with this standard contract should include the following orders.
a) the product name;
b) grades;
c) the standard number;
d) size and accuracy categories (see Table 1);
e) the weight and/or number;
f) smelting method (when it is not indicated by the vacuum degassing smelting);
g) surface state (see 5.4);
h) by agreement between manufacturer and indicated in the contract or project metrics;
i) other special requirements.
4 size, shape, weight
4.1 diameter and tolerance
4.1.1 skinned steel diameter tolerance is 3.0 0 mm.
4.1.2 polished steel diameter tolerances shall comply with Table 1. Diameter tolerance precision steel groups should be specified in the contract, did not note
Ming, according to the second set of tolerances execution.
Table 1 polished steel diameter and tolerance in millimeters
Nominal diameter of 400 to 600 > 600 to 800 > 800 to 1000
Group 1 100
Group 2 150
4.2 Length and tolerance
Steel usually delivery length of 1000mm ~ 6000mmm. Length or double length delivery steel, length tolerance is 80 0 mm.
4.3 curvature
Peeling bending steel per meter of not more than 3mm, the total curvature is not more than 0.3% of the total length; curved polished steel per meter of not more than
5mm, the total curvature is not more than 0.5% of the total length.
4.4 tip shape
Steel tip should sawing, there should be no flash, burrs and the like. Cut both ends of the steel and the slope projection shall not exceed 5% of the nominal diameter.
4.5 wt.
Steel is usually the actual weight delivery.
5 Technical requirements
5.1 Grades and chemical composition
5.1.1 Steel grades and chemical composition (melting analysis) should meet the requirements of Table 2.
Table 2 grade and chemical composition of steel
Unified numbering grades
Chemical composition (mass fraction) /%
C Si Mn Cr Mo
B00150 GCr15 0.95 ~ 1.05 0.15 ~ 0.35 0.25 ~ 0.45 1.40 ~ 1.65 ≤0.10
B01150 GCr15SiMn 0.95 ~ 1.05 0.45 ~ 0.75 0.95 ~ 1.25 1.40 ~ 1.65 ≤0.10
B03150 GCr15SiMo 0.95 ~ 1.05 0.65 ~ 0.85 0.20 ~ 0.40 1.40 ~ 1.70 0.30 ~ 0.40
B02180 GCr18Mo 0.95 ~ 1.05 0.20 ~ 0.40 0.25 ~ 0.40 1.65 ~ 1.95 0.15 ~ 0.25
Unless the need to agree, the supplier should not be intentionally added calcium and alloys deoxy form or control non-metallic inclusions.
5.1.2 residual elements in steel content should be in accordance with Table 3.
Table 3 content of residual elements in steel
Element PSH Ni Cu Ti Al As As Sn Sb Pb
chemical composition
(Mass fraction) /%
no greater than
0.00020 0.020 0.0050 0.025 0.25 0.25 0.050 0.04 0.075 0.002
5.1.3 The oxygen content of the steel billets or shall meet the following requirements.
a) vacuum degassing of steel should not exceed 0.0015%;
b) ESR steel.
1) nominal diameter of not more than 600mm of steel should not exceed 0.0020%;
2) nominal diameter greater than 600mm of steel should not exceed 0.0025%.
5.1.4 finished steel or billet chemical composition tolerances shall comply with the provisions in Table 4.
Table 4. Finished steel chemical composition and permissible variations
element
Chemical composition (mass fraction) /%
C Si Mn Cr PS Ni Cu Ti Al Mo
allow
deviation
± 0.03 ± 0.02 ± 0.03 ± 0.05 0.005 0
0.005
0.03
0.02
0.0005
0.010
When ≤0.10, 0.01
> 0.10, ± 0.02
5.1.5 agreed between, and in the contract, can produce other grades of steel.
5.2 Melting Method
Steel smelting process should be used to vacuum degassing, the method can also be used ESR smelting. When using ESR smelting method required in the contract
Noted.
5.3 Manufacturing Process
On the steel should have sufficient capacity to forging machine forging molding, the forging ratio should not be less than 3.0.
5.4 Delivery Status
After forging steel to soft annealed state delivery by stripping or polished concrete surface delivery status indicated in the contract.
5.5 delivery hardness
Delivery of steel hardness should not exceed 245HBW.
5.6 times lower
Steel low magnification inspection should be carried out by acid leaching of the steel cross-sectional low magnification specimen should be no residual shrinkage, cracks, subcutaneous bubbles, over-burning, white spots
And harmful inclusions. Center porosity, generally loose, ingot segregation, segregation press center GB/T 18254-2016 Appendix A Figure 1 - the first level
4 level for assessing its quality level is determined by the supply and demand sides negotiated.
5.7 Non-metallic inclusions
Steel should be non-metallic inclusions testing, the test results should meet the requirements of Table 5.
Table 5 nonmetallic inclusions qualified level
ABCD
Thin line Thin coarse coarse coarse line Thin line Thin line coarse
DSa
Quality level, no more than grade
2.5 1.5 2.0 1.0 00 1.0 1.0 2.0
a ESR steel DS should not be greater than 1.5.
5.8 carbide heterogeneity
There should be a serious steel carbide segregation, carbide steel strip according to GB/T 18254-2016 Appendix A for assessing the level of 8,
Carbide eliquation press GB/T 18254-2016 Appendix A ninth grade for assessing its quality level is determined by the supply and demand sides negotiated.
5.9 decarburization
Steel should be decarburized layer inspection, the steel surface on each side a total depth of decarburization by both parties through consultation.
5.10 Ultrasonic Testing
Steel ultrasonic testing should be carried out, the quality level should conform to Table 6.
Table 6 steel ultrasonic testing acceptable quality level
Smelting method
Nominal diameter/mm
> 400 ~ 800 > 1000 800 ~
2 vacuum degassing consultations
ESR 32
5.11 Surface Quality
Steel surface should not have cracks, scarring, collapsed, and mixed oxide and other defects. If the defect should be removed, clear the depth from the real
Date actual size of not more than 20mm. Cleanup on the same cross-section maximum depth should be no more than one, clear width not less than five times the depth, and
Smooth transition. Allowed to exist from the actual date of no more than half the size of the tolerance of the indentation, pitting and depth of no more than 0.2mm of cracks exist.
6 Test methods
6.1 size, shape
Steel size measurement used to ensure the necessary accuracy caliper or template performed.
6.2 Chemical composition
Methods for chemical analysis according to GB/T 223.5, GB/T 223.9, GB/T 223.11, GB/T 223.23, GB/T 223.26, GB/T 223.29,
GB/T 223.31, GB/T 223.47, GB/T 223.50, GB/T 223.53, GB/T 223.62, GB/T 223.63, GB/T 223.77,
GB/T 223.82, GB/T 223.84, GB/T 223.85, GB/T 223.86, GB/T 4336, GB/T 11261, GB/T 20123,
GB/T 20125 or other common methods, arbitration according to GB/T 223.5, GB/T 223.9, GB/T 223.11, GB/T 223.23,
GB/T 223.26, GB/T 223.29, GB/T 223.31, GB/T 223.47, GB/T 223.50, GB/T 223.53, GB/T 223.62,
GB/T 223.63, GB/T 223.77, GB/T 223.82, GB/T 223.84, GB/T 223.85, GB/T 223.86 or GB/T 11261,
GB/T 20125 performed.
6.3 Hardness
Brinell hardness test methods according to GB/T 231.1 requirements.
6.4 times lower
Low magnification acid leaching test methods according to the provisions of GB/T 226 were, evaluation methods and rating FIG press GB/T 1979 and GB/T 18254-
2016 Appendix A in Figure 1 level to the fourth level in FIG.
6.5 Non-metallic inclusions
After the non-metallic inclusions samples were quenched and tempered by 6.10 100X magnification observation, evaluation methods and rating FIG press GB/T 10561-
A method performed in 2005.
6.6 carbide heterogeneity
6.6.1 carbon ribbon in longitudinal test specimens by 6.10 quenched and tempered, polished with 4% alcohol solution of nitric acid etching, using
Magnified 100 times and 500 times combined, according to GB/T 18254-2016 Appendix A in the eighth grade carbide for assessing the degree of aggregation, the size and
shape.
6.6.2 carbide eliquation test specimen taken lengthwise by 6.10 quenched and tempered, with 4% nitric acid alcohol solution after etching polishing amplified
100 times, according to GB/T 18254-2016 Appendix A for assessing the first 9 levels.
6.7 decarburization
Steel surface decarburization measured in GB/T 224-2008 in the metallurgical method.
6.8 Ultrasonic Testing
Steel should be GB/T 6402 ultrasonic testing.
6.9 surface quality
Steel surface quality by visual inspection or other effective means.
6.10 Sample heat treatment system
Inspection of non-metallic inclusions, banded carbide, carbide liquation sample basis having processed the following provisions.
a) quenching temperature. 820 ℃ ~ 850 ℃ (molybdenum steel is 840 ℃ ~ 880 ℃);
b) quenching time. Press the specimen diameter or thickness of insulation per 1mm 1.5min;
c) cooling the solvent. oil;
d) tempering temperature. about 150 ℃;
e) tempering time. 1h ~ 2h.
6.11 rating principle
All test items are in the test sample to the surface the worst rating as field and regional basis.
7 Inspection rules
7.1 inspection and acceptance
7.1.1 Quality of steel by the supplier of technical quality supervision department of factory inspection. Buyer is entitled to acceptance in accordance with this standard.
7.1.2 Users need to keep the mills dispatch inspection personnel. Mills shall provide the necessary convenience for the user work inspectors to
Confirm the delivery of steel products subject to this standard. Users inspectors shall not unreasonably affect steel production operations.
7.2 Grouping of samples
7.2.1 Steel shall be granted for inspection and acceptance, each batch should be the same brand, the same heat, the same size, the same surface state, the same heat
Steel processing furnace batch composition.
7.2.2 ESR steel in the process is stable and can ensure compliance with the technical requirements of this standard when allowed by the consumable electrode melting furnace No. Batch parent post
goods. However, the supplier shall provide by electroslag furnace No. chemical composition, and indicate the number on electroslag furnace steel.
7.3 The number of samples and sampling site
The number of samples and sampling each batch of steel parts each test item specified in Table 7.
Table 7 Test items table
Reg reg No. No. No. Inspection item Inspection method of sampling required number of sampling sites
1 size, appearance by the root - - 4.1 4.4 6.1
2 Chemical composition 1/furnace GB/T 20066
An oxygen content of 3/batch
Or any of a steel billet
One-half of the radius of timber
Office; GB/T 20066
5.1 6.2
4 Hardness 3/batch a different root steel 5.5 6.3
5 times a low/batch to any one steel 5.6 6.4
6 non-metallic inclusions 1/grant to any one steel 5.7 6.5
00
00
-1
0-
-5
6-
Table 7 (continued)
Reg reg No. No. No. Inspection item Inspection method of sampling required number of sampling sites
7 carbon ribbon 1/grant to any one steel
8 carbide eliquation 1/batch to any one steel
5.8
6.6.1
6.6.2
9 decarbonization layer 1/batch to any one steel 5.9 6.7
10 ultrasonic testing by the root - 5.10 6.8
11 by the root surface quality - 5.11 6.9
a number of samples less than the required, should be sampled by the root.
7.4 reinspection and decision rules
Reinspection steel and decision rules should be consistent with GB/T 18254-2016 8.4 requirements.
8 packaging, marking and quality certification
Steel packaging, marking and quality certificate shall comply with GB/T 18254-2016 in Chapter 9.
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