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GB/T 23935-2009: Design of cylindrical helical springs
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Design of cylindrical helical springs
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Basic data | Standard ID | GB/T 23935-2009 (GB/T23935-2009) | | Description (Translated English) | Design of cylindrical helical springs | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | J26 | | Classification of International Standard | 21.160 | | Word Count Estimation | 45,466 | | Date of Issue | 2009-03-16 | | Date of Implementation | 2009-11-01 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB/T 1239.6-1992 | | Quoted Standard | GB/T 1222; GB/T 1239.1; GB/T 1239.2; GB/T 1239.3; GB/T 1358; GB/T 1805; GB/T 4357-1989; GB/T 18983; GB/T 21652; GB/T 23934-2009; YB/T 5311; YB/T 5318; YB/T 11; YS/T 571 | | Regulation (derived from) | China Standard Report 2009-08 | | Issuing agency(ies) | General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China | | Summary | This standard specifies the design and calculation of circular cross-section composite cylindrical coil spring. This standard applies to circular cross-section material helical compression spring, tension springs and torsion springs (hereinafter referred to as the spring). This standard does not apply to non-circular cross-section material spring, special materials and special properties of the spring. | GB/T 23935-2009: Design of cylindrical helical springs---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
Design of cylindrical helical springs
ICS 21.160
J26
National Standards of People's Republic of China
Replacing GB/T 1239.6-1992
Design and Calculation of Cylindrical Helical Spring
2009-03-16 released
2009-11-01 implementation
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of People's Republic of China
China National Standardization Administration released
Foreword
This standard is GB/T 1239.6-1992 "cylindrical helical spring design calculation" amendment. Revisions still retain GB/T 1239.6-
1992 "cylindrical helical spring design calculations," the effective part of the content has not adapted to be revised. This standard and the revised standards
The main technical differences are as follows.
--- The original standard by GB/T 1.1 made editorial changes;
--- A comprehensive examination of the cited material standards, using the latest version has been revised to replace the original standard cited by the old version;
--- According to GB/T 1805-2001 "spring term", the original standards involved in the torque, stiffness, deformation and other symbols to be revised;
--- Chapter order adjustment, from the spring structure, size, characteristics, strength and other aspects of regulation;
--- In the design example adds a cylindrical helical compression spring, tension spring, torsion spring dynamic fatigue fatigue checking, and
Torsion spring design considering the influence of torsion arm checking;
--- In the test load and allowable stress on the selection, through the calculation, the choice of chart parameters, stressed the stress amplitude for fatigue life
influences;
--- The introduction of the static load and dynamic load and limited, unlimited life concept.
This standard Appendix A ~ Appendix F are informative appendix.
This standard is proposed by the China Machinery Industry Federation.
This standard by the National Standardization Technical Committee spring (SAC/TC235) centralized.
This standard is drafted. Guangzhou Howard Spring Co., Ltd., Changzhou Ming Kam Spring Co., Ltd.
Participated in the drafting of this standard. Wuxi Zegen Spring Co., Ltd., People's Liberation Army 1001 Strong Spring Research Institute, Hangzhou Spring Co., Ltd.,
Machine Productivity Promotion Center, Changzhou Spring Factory Co., Ltd., Yangzhou Spring Co., Ltd., Hangzhou Qianjiang Spring Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Jinchang Spring
Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Mei Li Spring Co., Ltd., Island State Holding Group Corporation, Beijing Spring Factory, Hangzhou Hing Fat Spring Co., Ltd.
The main drafters of this standard. Yang Weiming, Shu Rongfu, Cao Huirong, Zhang Chaofang, Jiang Xiao Wei, Jiang Ying, Wu Gang, Zhang Guijun, Wang Wei, Zhao Chunwei,
Tu Shirun, Liang Quan, He Yongyi, Lu Peigen, Liu Huihang, Zhang Yinghui.
This standard replaces the standards previously issued as follows.
--- GB/T 1239.6-1992.
Design and Calculation of Cylindrical Helical Spring
1 Scope
This standard specifies the design and calculation of cylindrical coil springs of circular cross-section material.
This standard applies to circular cross-section cylindrical helical compression spring, tension spring and torsion spring (hereinafter referred to as the spring).
This standard does not apply to non-circular cross-section material springs, special materials and special performance of the spring.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this standard and become the standard terms. All dated references, which are subsequently owned
Amendments (not including errata content) or revisions do not apply to this standard, however, encourage the parties to reach an agreement based on this standard research
Whether you can use the latest versions of these files. For undated references, the latest version applies to this standard.
GB/T 1222 spring steel
GB/T 1239.1 Cold rolled cylindrical coil spring technical conditions - Part 1. Tension spring
GB/T 1239.2 Cold rolled cylindrical coil springs - Part 2. Compression springs
Cold rolled cylindrical coil springs - Technical conditions - Part 3. Torsion springs
GB/T 1358 cylindrical coil spring size series
GB/T 1805 spring terminology
GB/T 4357-1989 carbon steel spring wire (neqJISG3521. 1984)
GB/T 18983 oil quenching - tempering spring steel wire (GB/T 18983-2003, ISO /FDIS8458-3..1992, MOD)
GB/T 21652 copper and copper alloy wire
Hot rolled cylindrical helical compression springs - Technical conditions
YB/T 5311 important use carbon spring steel wire
YB/T 5318 alloy spring steel wire
YB (T) 11 stainless steel wire spring
YS/T 571 beryllium bronze wire
3 spring parameter name and code
This standard uses the terms and symbols GB/T 1805 and Table 1.
Table 1
Parameter name code unit
Spring inner diameter D1 mm
Spring outer diameter D2 mm
Spring diameter D mm
The total number of laps 1 ring
Supporting ring-shaped z circle
Effective circle number ring
Table 1 (continued)
Parameter name code unit
Free height (free length) H0 mm
Working height (working length) H1,2, like mm
Pressure and height Hb mm
Load F1,2, like N
Stability Critical load Fc N
Stiffness F 'N/mm
Coil ratio C -
Curvature coefficient K -
Height-diameter ratio 犫 -
Stability factor CB -
Helix angle α (°)
Diameter variation ΔD mm
Clearance δ1 mm
Material shear modulus G MPa
Work shear stress τ1,2, like MPa
Test shear stress τs MPa
Pulsating fatigue ultimate stress τu0 MPa
Allowable shear stress [τ] MPa
Initial stress τ0 MPa
Initial pull force F0 N
Material Elastic modulus E MPa
Bending stress σ MPa
Test bending stress σs MPa
Allowable bending stress [σ] MPa
Torque T1, 2, N · mm
Spring torsion angle φ1,2, rad or (°)
Torsional stiffness T 'N · mm/rad or N · mm/(°)
Bending stress Curvature coefficient Kb -
Material mass per unit volume (density) ρ kg/mm3
Table 1 (continued)
Parameter name code unit
Cyclic Features γ -
The number of cycles N times
Tensile strength Rm MPa
Deformation energy U N · mm
Safety factor S -
Minimum safety factor Smin -
4 material
Spring generally use the material in Table 2, if the choice of other materials, agreed upon by both supply and demand.
Table 2
Standard No. Standard Name Grade/Group Diameter Specifications/mm Performance
Carbon spring steel wire B, C, D
Group B. 0.08 ~ 13.0
Group C. 0.08 ~ 13.0
Group D. 0.08 ~ 6.0
High strength, good performance. Group B for low should
Force spring, group C for medium stress springs,
Group D is used for high stress springs
YB/T 5311
Important use of carbon
Spring wire
E, F, G
Group E. 0.08 ~ 6.0
Group F. 0.08 ~ 6.0
Group G. 1.0 ~ 6.0
High strength, good toughness. For important purposes
Spring
GB/T 18983
Oil quenching - tempering
Spring wire
VDC 0.5 ~ 10.0
High strength, good performance, VDC for high fatigue
Labor-class springs
FDC, TDC 0.5 ~ 17.0
High strength, good performance. FDC for static
Spring level; TDC for the fatigue level spring
FDSiMn, TDSiMn 0.5 ~ 17.0
High strength, high fatigue performance. Used
High load spring. FDSiMn is used
Static level spring; TDSiMn for fatigue
Labor-class springs
VDCrSi 0.5 ~ 10.0
FDCrSi, TDCrSi 0.5 ~ 17.0
High strength, good fatigue performance. VDCrSi
For high fatigue level spring; TDCrSi used
Fatigue class spring; FDCrSi for static
Grade spring
VDCrV-A 0.5 ~ 10.0
High strength, good fatigue performance. VDCrV-A
For high fatigue level spring
FDCrV-A, TDCrV-A 0.5 to 17.0
Higher strength, better fatigue performance. TD-
CrV-A for fatigue class spring; FD-
CrV-A for static level spring
Table 2 (continued)
Standard No. Standard Name Grade/Group Diameter Specifications/mm Performance
YB/T 5318 alloy spring steel wire
50CrVA
60Si2MnA
55CrSi
0.5 ~ 14.0
high strength. High fatigue, used in general
Mechanical springs
YB (T) 11 stainless steel wire spring
Group A.
1Cr18Ni9
0Cr19Ni10
0Cr17Ni12Mo2
Group B.
1Cr18Ni9
0Cr18Ni10
Group C.
0Cr17Ni8Al
0.8 ~ 12.0
Corrosion-resistant, high temperature, low temperature, for rot
Erosion or high, low temperature conditions of the spring
GB/T 21652 copper and copper alloy wire
QSi3-1,
QSn4-3
QSn6.5-0.1
QSn6.5-0.4
QSn7-0.2
0.1 ~ 6.0
High resistance to corrosion and magnetic properties.
For mechanical or instrumentation with flexible components
YS/T 571 beryllium bronze wire QBe2 0.03 ~ 6.0
Strength, hardness, fatigue strength and wear resistance
Are high, corrosion-resistant, anti-magnetic, good conductivity,
Impact, no spark, used as a meter gossamer
GB/T 1222 spring steel
60Si2Mn
60Si2MnA
50CrVA
60CrMnA
60CrMnBA
55CrSiA
60Si2CrA
60Si2CrVA
12.0 ~ 80.0
High fatigue strength, high fatigue
Sex, widely used in various mechanical springs
High strength, high temperature, used to withstand heavy
Spring loaded
High fatigue performance, high temperature, for more
Spring at high operating temperatures
5 spring load type and allowable stress
5.1 static load and dynamic load
5.1.1 Static load
a) constant load;
b) The load has changed, but the number of cycles N < 104.
5.1.2 dynamic load
Load changes, the number of cycles N ≥ 104 times.
According to the number of cycles dynamic load divided into.
a) limited fatigue life. the number of cold coil spring load cycles N ≥ 104 ~ 106 times; hot coil spring load cycles N ≥ 104 ~
105 times
b) Infinite fatigue life. the number of cycles of cold-coil spring load is N≥107 times; and the number of hot-coil spring load cycle is N≥2 × 106.
When the load of the cold coil spring is between 106 and 107 cycles, the load of the hot coil spring is between 105 cycles and 2 × 106 cycles
Between the time, according to the use of reference to a limited or infinite fatigue life design.
5.2 allowable stress selection principle
a) Static spring load, in addition to considering the strength conditions, the stress relaxation requirements, should be appropriate to reduce the allowable stress.
b) under the action of dynamic load spring, in addition to considering the number of cycles, but also should consider the stress (change) amplitude, then according to the cycle characteristics of the public
Formula (1) calculation, retrieved in Figure 2. When the cycle characteristic value is large, the magnitude of stress (variation) is small and the allowable stress takes a large value. When the cycle
When the ring characteristic value is small, the magnitude of stress (variation) is large, and the allowable stress takes a small value.
γ =
τmin
τmax
= FminFmax
Or γ =
σmin
σmax
= TminTmax =
φmin
φmax
(1)
c) For important use springs whose damage has a significant effect on the entire machine, as well as springs that operate at higher or lower temperatures,
Allowable stress should be properly reduced.
d) Efficient peening springs increase fatigue strength or fatigue life.
e) The compression spring, the effective treatment of the pressure, can improve the fatigue life, to improve the performance of the spring have a significant effect.
f) the spring under dynamic load, the impact of fatigue strength of many factors, it is difficult to accurately estimate the important use of the spring, designed End
Into the test should be verified.
5.3 Cold coil spring test stress and allowable stress
5.3.1 cold rolled compression spring test shear stress and allowable shear stress
a) cold rolled compression spring test shear stress shown in Table 3;
b) The allowable shear stress of the cold rolled compression spring is shown in Table 3 and Figure 1, or see Figure B. 1.
5.3.2 cold-rolled tensile spring test shear stress and allowable shear stress
Cold rolled tensile spring test shear stress and allowable shear stress, take the values listed in Table 3 80%.
Table 3 in megapascals
Type of stress
material
Oil Quenching - Annealing
Spring wire
Carbon spring wire,
Important use
Carbon spring wire
Spring use
Stainless steel wire
Copper and copper alloy wire,
Beryllium bronze wire
Test shear stress 0.55Rm 0.50Rm 0.45Rm 0.40Rm
Static load allowable shear stress 0.50Rm 0.45Rm 0.38Rm 0.36Rm
Dynamic load Xu
Use shear stress
Limited fatigue life (0.40-0.50) Rm (0.38-0.45) Rm (0.34-0.38) Rm (0.33-0.36) Rm
Infinite fatigue life (0.35 ~ 0.40) Rm (0.33 ~ 0.38) Rm (0.30 ~ 0.34) Rm (0.30 ~ 0.33) Rm
Note 1. Tensile strength Rm Select the material lower limit of the standard.
Note 3. When the test shear stress is greater than the pressure and shear stress, the pressure and shear stress test shear stress.
Note. For non-shot peening with better fatigue resistance of the wire, such as the important use of carbon steel spring wire, high fatigue grade oil quenching - annealing spring
Steel wire.
Figure 1 compression, tension spring fatigue limit map
5.3.3 Cold-rolled torsion spring test bending stress and allowable bending stress
a) Test bending stress of torsion springs are shown in Table 4;
b) Allowable bending stress of torsion springs See Table 4 and Figure 2, or see Figure B. 2.
Table 4 in megapascals
Type of stress
material
Oil Quenching - Annealing
Spring wire
Carbon spring wire,
Important use of carbon spring wire
Stainless steel wire spring
Copper and copper alloy wire,
Beryllium bronze wire
Test Bending Stress 0.80Rm 0.78Rm 0.75Rm 0.75Rm
Static load allowable bending stress 0.72Rm 0.70Rm 0.68Rm 0.68Rm
Dynamic load permit
Bending stress
Limited fatigue life (0.60-0.68) Rm (0.58-0.66) Rm (0.55-0.65) Rm (0.55-0.65) Rm
Infinite fatigue life (0.50 ~ 0.60) Rm (0.49 ~ 0.58) Rm (0.45 ~ 0.55) Rm (0.45 ~ 0.55) Rm
Note. Tensile strength Rm lower material standards.
Note. For non-shot peening with better fatigue resistance of the wire, such as the important use of carbon steel spring wire, high fatigue grade oil quenching - annealing spring
Steel wire.
Figure 2 torsional spring fatigue limit map
5.4 Hot coil spring test stress and allowable stress
Hot coil spring test stress and allowable stress in Table 5.
Table 5 in megapascals
spring
Types of
Type of stress
material
60Si2Mn, 60Si2MnA, 50CrVA, 55CrSiA, 60CrMnA,
60CrMnBA, 60Si2CrA, 60Si2CrVA
compression
spring
Test shear stress
Static load allowable shear stress
710 ~ 890
Dynamic load allowable shear stress
Limited fatigue life 568 ~ 712
Unlimited fatigue life 426 ~ 534
Stretch
spring
Test shear stress
Static load allowable shear stress
475 ~ 596
Dynamic load allowable shear stress
Limited fatigue life of 405 ~ 507
Unlimited fatigue life 356 ~ 447
Table 5 (continued) The unit is MPa
spring
Types of
Type of stress
material
60Si2Mn, 60Si2MnA, 50CrVA, 55CrSiA, 60CrMnA,
60CrMnBA, 60Si2CrA, 60Si2CrVA
Twist
spring
Test bending stress
Static load allows bending stress
994 ~ 1232
Dynamic load allowable bending stress
Limited fatigue life 795 ~ 986
Unlimited fatigue life 636 ~ 788
Note 1. Spring hardness range 42HRC ~ 52HRC (392HBW ~ 535HBW). When the hardness is close to the lower limit, the test stress may be taken with the stress
Lower limit; when the hardness is close to the upper limit, the test stress may take the upper limit value.
Note 2. Tensile, torsion spring test stress may be generally removed with the stress limit.
Design and Calculation of Cylindrical Helical Compression Spring
6.1 The basic calculation formula
6.1.1 Spring load.
(2)
Type of material shear modulus G see Appendix A.
6.1.2 spring deformation.
3-like F
(3)
6.1.3 Spring stiffness.
8D3-like
(4)
6.1.4 Spring shear stress.
τ = K8DF
(5)
πD2-like
(6)
Where K is the curvature coefficient, K value according to formula (7) Calculated.
K = 4C-14C-4 +
0.615
(7)
Static load, the general can take K value of 1, when the spring stress is high, also consider the K value.
6.1.5 spring material diameter.
8KDF
Where [τ] is based on the above design to determine the allowable shear stress.
6.1.6 Spring diameter.
6.1.7 effective number of springs.
(10)
6.1.8 deformation energy.
(11)
6.2 natural frequency
The cylindrical helical compression spring, which has both ends fixed and one end periodically reciprocates within the working stroke, has the natural frequency according to formula (12)
Calculation.
G 槡 ρ (12)
6.3 spring characteristics and deformation
6.3.1 Spring characteristics
a) When it is necessary to ensure that the specified height of the load, the deformation of the spring should be under the test load deformation between 20% to 80%, that
b) Under the required load, the deformation of the spring should be between 20% and 80% of the deformation under the test load, that is
F2-F1
H1-H2
(13)
6.3.2 Test load
The test load Fs is the maximum load that the spring is allowed to measure when measuring the spring characteristic and its value is calculated according to equation (14)
8Dτs
(14)
Where τs is the shear stress, according to Table 3 selected.
6.3.3 Pressure and load
6.4 Spring end structure type, parameters, and calculation formula
6.4.1 end of the spring structure type
The structure of the spring end is shown in Table 6.
Table 6
Type Code Schematic End Structure Type
YI
Both ends of the ring and tight grinding
Z≥2
Y Ⅱ
Both ends of the ring and tight does not wear
Z≥2
Y Ⅲ
End ring is not tight
Shape Z < 2
Table 6 (continued)
Type Code Schematic End Structure Type
RYI
Both ends of the ring and tight grinding
Z≥1.5
RY Ⅱ
Both ends of the ring and tight does not wear
Z≥1.5
RY Ⅲ
Flattened both ends of the ring, and tight grinding flat
Z≥1.5
RY Ⅳ
Flattened both ends of the ring, and is not tight
Z≥1.5
6.4.2 Diameter of spring material
6.4.3 spring diameter
6.4.3.1 Spring diameter.
D = D1 + D22
(15)
6.4.3.2 Spring inner diameter.
6.4.3.3 Spring outer diameter.
Spring diameter D generally should be consistent with GB/T 1358 series, the deviation value can be GB/T 1239.2 and GB/T 23934-2009 election
take. In order to ensure adequate installation space, should consider the spring load increases the diameter.
a) When the spring is fixed at both ends, from free height to tight, the increase in diameter is calculated according to the approximate formula (18).
(18)
b) When the two end faces and the bearing seat are free to rotate and the friction is small, the increase of the median diameter is calculated according to the approximate formula (19).
(19)
6.4.4 Spring wrap ratio
The recommended winding ratio is selected in Table 7 based on the material diameter.
Table 7
C 7 ~ 14 5 ~ 12 5 ~ 10 4 ~ 9 4 ~ 8 4 ~ 16
6.4.5 Number of coils
6.4.5.1 The effective number of turns of the spring is calculated by the formula (10), generally in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 1358. In order to avoid eccentricity due to load
Too large additional force, at the same time in order to ensure a stable stiffness, generally not less than 3 laps, at least not less than 2 laps.
6.4.5.2 Supporting ring Z and the structure of the end ring structure, the shape Z value in Table 6.
6.4.5.3 The total number of laps
Shape 1 = shape + shape Z (20)
The mantissa should be 1/4, 1/2, 3/4 or full circle, 1/2 turn recommended.
6.4.6 Spring free height
6.4.6.1 Free height H0 Due to the influence of the end structure, it is difficult to calculate the exact value, and its approximation is calculated according to the formula listed in Table 8 and pushed
According to the provisions of GB/T 1358.
Table 8
Polished on both ends
End ring is not worn
6.4.6.2 working height H1,2, shape can be calculated according to equation (21).
6.4.6.3 The test height Hs is the height corresponding to the test load Fs and its value is calculated according to equation (22).
6.4.6.4 The spring pressure and height are not specified in principle.
a) For the spring with 3/4-turn grinding on the end face, calculate the height of the spring with the formula (23) as follows.
b) for the spring does not wear at both ends, when the required pressure and height, according to equation (24) Calculate.
Where.
6.4.7 Spring Pitch
(25)
6.4.7.3 Pitch δ according to formula (26) Calculate.
6.4.8 Spring helix angle and direction of rotation
6.4.8.1 Spring helix angle α, according to formula (27) Calculate.
(27)
Recommended 5 ° ≤ α < 9 °.
6.4.8.2 The direction of spring rotation is generally right-handed. In the combined spring, the rotation direction of each layer of spring is left-right rotation and white-phase rotation, and the outer layer is generally right-handed.
6.4.9 Spring deployment length
Spring expansion length according to formula (28) Calculate.
L =
πD-like 1
cosα ≈ π
D-like 1 (28)
6.4.10 Spring quality
Spring mass according to equation (29) Calculate.
2Lρ (29)
6.5 Spring strength and stability check
6.5.1 fatigue strength check
Important spring load, fatigue strength should be checked. To check the cycle characteristics to be considered γ = Fmin/Fmax = τmin/τmax,
And the number of cycles N, as well as the material surface conditions affect the fatigue strength of various factors, according to equation (30) check.
S = τu0 + 0.75τminτmax ≥
Smin (30)
Where.
τu0 --- pulsating fatigue ultimate stress, the value shown in Table 9;
S --- fatigue safety factor;
Smin --- minimum safety factor, Smin = 1.1 ~ 1.3.
Table 9 in megapascals
Load cycles N 104 105 106 107
Pulsation fatigue limit τu0 0.45Rma 0.35Rm 0.32Rm 0.30Rm
Note. This watch is suitable for important applications carbon spring wire, oil quenched - annealed spring wire, spring stainless steel wire and beryllium bronze wire.
a spring with stainless steel wire and silicon bronze wire, the value of 0.35Rm.
For the important use of carbon steel, high fatigue grade oil quenching - annealing spring wire and other high-quality steel wire spring, without shot peening
The case of the fatigue life according to Figure 1 check.
6.5.2 Stability check
6.5.2.1 In order to ensure the stability of the spring during use, spring height-diameter ratio 犫 = H0/D, should meet the following requirements.
--- Fixed at both ends. 犫 ≤ 5.3;
--- Fixed at one end, one end of rotation. 犫 ≤ 3.7;
--- Rotation at both ends. 犫 ≤ 2.6.
6.5.2.2 When 犫 greater than the above values, to carry out the stability check. The stability critical load Fc is determined by equation (31)
Fc = CBF'H0 (31)
Where CB is the stability factor, retrieved by Figure 3.
Figure 3 CB value
In order to ensure the stability of the spring, the maximum working load F should be less than the critical load Fc value. When do not meet the requirements, should be changed again
Parameters to meet the above requirements to ensure the stability of the spring. If the design structure is limited, can not change the parameters, should be set guide or guide
set. Guide rod or guide ring and the coil clearance value (diameter difference) Table 10.
Table 10 is in millimeters
D ≤5 > 5~10 > 10~18 > 18~30 > 30~50 > 50~80 > 80~120 > 120~150
Clearance 0.6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
6.5.2.3 In order to ensure the stability of the spring, 犫 should be greater than 0.8.
6.5.3 spring resonance checking
6.6 Spring typical working pattern
Typical working patterns of the spring, including the spring work drawings, technical requirements and design calculation data of three parts.
6.6.1 spring work diagram (see Figure 4)
Figure 4 compression spring work diagram
6.6.2 Technical Requirements Contents
a) spring end structure type;
b) The total number of laps 1;
c) the effective number of laps
d) rotation;
e) Surface treatment;
f) manufacturing conditions.
When necessary, specify the establishment of legislation, strengthen the processing requirements, as well as the use of conditions such as temperature, load nature.
6.6.3 Design calculation data (see Table 11)
Table 11
No. Parameter Name Code Value Unit No. Parameter Name Code Value Unit
1 winding ratio C
2 curvature coefficient K
3 diameter D mm
4 Press and load Fb N
5 pressure and height Hb
6 test height Hs
mm
7 material tensile strength Rm
8 pressure and shear stress τb
9 work shear stress
τ1
τ2
MPa
10 Test shear stress τs MPa
11 Stiffness F 'N/mm
12 Spring deformation energy U N · mm
15 cycles N times
16 Expand Length L mm
Design and Calculation of Cylindrical Helical Tension Spring
7.1 The basic calculation formula
No initial pulling force, the basic formula for calculating tension springs and compression springs, according to formula (2) ~ formula (11).
When there is initial tension, the basic calculation of tension spring is calculated according to formula (32) ~ formula (36).
7.1.1 Spring load
(32)
7.1.2 Spring deformation
3-like
(F-F0) (33)
7.1.3 Spring stiffness
8D3-like
(34)
7.1.4 Spring shear stress according to formula (5) or formula (6) calculation.
7.1.5 spring material diameter according to formula (8) calculation.
7.1.6 Spring diameter according to formula (9) calculation.
7.1.7 Effective number of turns of spring
(35)
7.1.8 deformation energy...
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