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GB/T 23707-2009: Geographic information -- Spatial schema
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Geographic information -- Spatial schema
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GB/T 23707-2009
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Basic data | Standard ID | GB/T 23707-2009 (GB/T23707-2009) | | Description (Translated English) | Geographic information -- Spatial schema | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | A75 | | Classification of International Standard | 07.040; 35.240.70 | | Word Count Estimation | 140,150 | | Date of Issue | 2009-05-06 | | Date of Implementation | 2009-10-01 | | Adopted Standard | ISO 19107-2003, IDT | | Regulation (derived from) | Announcement of Newly Approved National Standards No. 6, 2009 (No. 146 overall) | | Issuing agency(ies) | General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China | | Summary | This standard defines the elements used to describe the spatial characteristics of geographic conceptual models and based on these models a set of spatial operations. It handles three -dimensional geometry and topology within the vector for up to three axes in the coordinate space of not more than three topological dimension of spatial objects geographic information access, query, management, processing and data exchange standards defined space operation. | GB/T 23707-2009: Geographic information -- Spatial schema---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
Geographic information.Spatial schema
ICS 07.040; 35.240.70
A75
National Standards of People's Republic of China
GB/T 23707-2009/ISO 19107.2003
Geographic information spatial patterns
(ISO 19107.2003, IDT)
Posted 2009-05-06
2009-10-01 implementation
Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of People's Republic of China
Standardization Administration of China released
Table of Contents
Introduction Ⅴ
Introduction Ⅵ
1 Scope 1
Consistency 1 2
2.1 Overview 1
2.2 Consistency Class 2
3 Normative references 3
4 Terms and definitions 3
5 symbols, annotation and Acronyms 12
5.1 Expression and Notes 12
5.2 Organization 17
5.3 Acronyms 18
6 Geometry package 18
6.1 semantics 18
6.2 Geometry Root package 20
6.3 geometric primitive pack 26
6.4 Cogo package 37
6.5 geometric shape aggregation packet 68
6.6 Geometric complexes package 70
7 Topology package 74
7.1 semantics 74
7.2 Topology root package 76
7.3 Topology simplex package 79
7.4 topological complex package 91
8 Derived topological relations 93
8.1 Overview 93
8.2 Boolean operators or collection 93
8.3 Egenhofer operator 94
8.4 Full Topology Operators 95
8.5 combination 95
Appendix A (normative) Abstract Test Suite 96
Annex B (informative) organized by the concept of classification terms and definitions 105
Annex C (informative) Example 113 conceptual model space
Annex D (informative) Application Mode Example 119
Appendix NA (informative) different dimension geometry and topology objects constituting control 128
References 129
Figure 1 UML association example 14
GB/T 23707-2009/ISO 19107.2003
Figure 2 UML package dependencies Example 17
Figure 3 as a standard entry in the UML package dependencies 18
Figure 4 Geometry package. class content and internal dependencies 19
5 geometric relationship has specialized in FIG. 20 base class
Figure 6 GM_ objects (GM_Object) 21
Figure 7 GM_ boundary (GM_Boundary) 27
Figure 8 GM_ simplex (GM_Primitive) 29
Figure 9 GM_ point (GM_Point) 31
Figure 10 GM_ can be oriented simplex (GM_OrientablePrimitive) 32
Figure 11 GM_ curve (GM_Curve) 34
Figure 12 GM_ surface (GM_Surface) 35
Figure 13 GM_ body (GM_Solid) 36
14 Direct location (DirectPosition) 37
Figure 15 curve segment class (Curvesegmentclass) 39
16 linear, circular and the earth curve interpolation (Linear, arcandgeodesicinterpolation) 44
17 arc (Arcs) 46
18 conic configuration (Conicsandplacements) 50
19 spline curve and special (Splineandspecialtycurves) 52
20 Patches (Surfacepatches) 58
21 polygonal surfaces (Polygonalsurface) 61
Figure 22 TIN configuration (TINconstruction) 62
Figure 23 GM_ parameter family of curves surfaces and its subclasses (GM_ParametricCurveSurfaceanditssubtypes) 64
Figure 24 GM_ aggregate form (GM_Aggregate) 69
Figure 25 GM_ complexes (GM_Complex) 71
Figure 26 GM_ combination of shape (GM_Composite) 72
Figure 27 GM_ combination point (GM_CompositePoint) 73
Figure 28 GM_ composite curve (GM_CompositeCurve) 73
Figure 29 GM_ combination surfaces (GM_CompositeSurface) 74
Figure 30 GM_ assembly (GM_CompositeSolid) 74
Figure 31 Topology package, class content and internal dependencies 75
Figure 32 Topology of Almost 75
Figure 33 Geometry and Topology relationship between 76
Figure 34 TP_ objects (TP_Object) 77
Figure 35 boundaries and a boundary associated with the expression of more than 78 operations
Figure 36 Topology important class 78
37 border relational data types 80
Figure 38 TP_ simplex (TP_Primitive) 81
Figure 39 TP_ directed topology subclasses (TP_DirectedToposubclasses) 83
Figure 40 TP_ directed topology (TP_DirectedTopo) 83
Figure 41 TP_ node (TP_Node) 85
Figure 42 TP_ edge (TP_Edge) 86
Figure 43 TP_ topological surface (TP_Face) 87
Figure 44 TP_ topology body (TP_Solid) 88
GB/T 23707-2009/ISO 19107.2003
Figure 45 TP_ expression (TP_Expression) 89
Figure 46 TP_ complexes (TP_Complex) 92
Figure C. 1 is composed of a data set consisting of 114 GM_Primitive
Figure C. Simple graphical expression of two pairs of sample data 116
Figure C. 33-dimensional geometry having a standard coordinate system 116
Figure C. Example 4 Surface 117
Figure D. 1 package for simple topology class 119
Figure D. 2 simple topological and geometric topology class 120
Figure D. 3 simple topology element component 121
Figure D. 4 based on topological features 123 topics
Figure D. Collection Example 5 "minimum Topology" topology 123
Figure D. 6 Minimum Topology 124
Figure D. Typical minimum topology 7 record 126 schematic
Table 1 geometric primitive consistency class 2
Table 2 complex geometric shape consistency class 2
Table 3 topological complex consistency class 2
Table 4 Class of consistency geometric realization of topological complex 3
Table 5 derived topology operator 3
Table 6 package and class 17
Table 7 types parameter family of curves surfaces 63
Significance Table 8 of Boolean paradigm (pattern) matrix 93
Table 9 Egenhofer9 post paradigm matrix of meaning 94
Table 10 full topology paradigm rectangular cross-meaning 95
Table D. 1 correspondence between the original and the current minimum topological pointers between models 127
Table NA. A number of different dimensional geometry and topology object constituted the control table 128
GB/T 23707-2009/ISO 19107.2003
Foreword
This standard is identical with ISO 19107.2003 "geographic information spatial mode" (in English) and made the following editorial changes.
a) preparation of the implementation of the method of the standard GB/T 1.1-2000 "Standardization Guide Part 1. Standard structure and drafting of regulations
Then ", GB/T 20000.2-2001" Standardization Guide Part 2. Requirements of international standards of the rule, "the;
b) to the "international standards" be replaced by "this standard";
c) Remove the preface to the international standards;
d) ISO /IEC 11404.1996 has been adopted as the national standard of equal, in this standard with the national standard code
(GB/T 18221-2000) and substituted the name of the corresponding international standard code and name;
e) Due to ISO 19109, ISO 19111 international standard has been published in this standard Normative references deleted the original international standard
Registration identify forthcoming subscript;
f) increase the ISO 19101 standard in this normative reference documents.2002 "Geographic Information Reference Model";
g) an increase in the ISO 19111 reference.2007 "Geographicinformation-Spatialreferencingbycoor-
dinates ", references to the original order by author (or institution) alphabetically been rearranged, and the numbers were cited in the text
Adjusted accordingly;
h) in the original text of the reg number error (6.5.4 is the direct 6.5.4.3) has been corrected;
i) the original text of the statements in the code under 7.4.2.7 removes excess "[" symbol,
Upcoming TP_Primitive∷complex [[1... n]. Reference < TP_Complex>
To TP_Primitive∷complex [1... n]. Reference < TP_Complex>;
j) of the original text of Appendix B B. 8 homomorphism (4.52) Note the extra rear passage removed consistent with the 4.52;
k) increase the informative appendix NA.
Appendix A of this standard is a normative appendix, Appendix B, Appendix C, Appendix D, Appendix NA informative appendices.
This standard by the National Geographic Information Standardization Committee (SAC/TC230) and focal points.
This standard was drafted. Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Wuhan University.
The main drafters of this standard. Li Qing Yuan, Wang Tao, Shi Lihong, LIU Ji-ping, Deng Yuejin, Dudao Sheng SURVEYING.
GB/T 23707-2009/ISO 19107.2003
Introduction
This standard provides a conceptual model for describing and processing spatial characteristics of geographic features, spatial characteristics of standardized conceptual models will be its
He cornerstone of geographic information standards.
Elements is a real-world phenomenon of abstraction, if the feature associated with the position of the Earth called on geographic features. Vector data is composed of
Geometric primitives and topological shape composed of people, alone or in combination to build objects using geometric primitives and topological primitives to express empty geographic features
Room features. Raster data coverage area is divided into a regular grid unit, and the data is formed for each unit assigned a property value. this
Standard relates only vector data.
In the standard model defined, the spatial features through one or more spatial attributes to describe, and the value of these properties by geometric space
Object (GM_Object) or topological objects (TP_Object) is defined. Geometric coordinates and mathematical functions based on quantitatively describe to
Spatial characteristics of prime dimension, position, size, shape, orientation, and so on. Mathematical functions describe the geometry of an object depends on the definition of the spatial position coordinates
Reference type. When the geographic information from one geodetic reference system or coordinate system to another coordinate system or datum, only special geometry
Sign change.
Topology for processing when space elastically, continuous deformation (for example, when geographic data from one coordinate system to another coordinate system)
Geometry on keeping unchanged those characteristics. In the context of geographic information, topology is usually used to describe the shape dimensional map of FIG connectivity ---
(Graph) a property in continuous transformation invariant. Computing topology provides information about the connectivity of geometric primitives, such information can be from basic
Deduced geometrical features.
Spatial operator is to use, query, create, modify, delete functions and procedures of spatial objects. The standard definition of these operators free party
Law, in order to create a definition of these operators with a standard implementation. Its objectives are.
a) unambiguously defined spatial operator to ensure that different implementations of known accuracy and resolution defined under can generate comparable
result;
b) Based on these definitions to develop a set of standard operations to form the basis of compliant systems, and as a test platform and compatible implementations
Benchmark confirmed;
c) to define a set allows these operators are combined operator algebra, for the foreseeable geographic data query and processing.
Standardized spatial characteristics of conceptual models will enhance the ability to share geographic information in different applications. The conceptual model will be the geographical letter
Information system and software developers and users of geographic information used in order to achieve a common understanding of spatial data structures.
GB/T 23707-2009/ISO 19107.2003
Geographic information spatial patterns
1 Scope
This standard defines the conceptual schema for describing the spatial characteristics of geographic features, and based on these patterns of a set of spatial operations. It handles
Within a 3-dimensional vector geometry and topology, to be located up to three axes of the coordinate space of not more than three-dimensional topological space objects (geometry
Access and topology) geographic information, query, manage, process and data exchange standard definition of space operations.
2 Conformance
2.1 Overview
The standard Chapter 6, Chapter 7, to the Unified Modeling Language (UML) to express the spatial characteristics of geographic features used to describe the conceptual model.
These modes can be used to define the mode of application, specific standards and implementation specifications of the concept of class. This standard is only concerned with externally visible interface, and internal
Ministry realization is not limited, and these interfaces are different from the interface specification under real environment need to meet the following.
--- Use technology such as COM or CORBA software service interface;
--- Use of technology such as SQL database interface technology;
--- Encoded using the ISO 19118 definition of data exchange technology.
Few applications will require the entire contents of this standard conceptual schema described, this chapter defines a set of compatible class,
These classes can be supported from the minimum compatibility requirements definition data structure to the full implementation of the object. Its flexibility is a real by a set number of ways
Now the UML type control. When an application-defined function of the complete object must implement compatible type class, as defined by the selected
All operations because these operations to achieve the UML design goals are common. For some or all of the operations are based on external selection
"Free function" or abandon those applications fully implemented, do not support all operations, but should support such a data type, it can
By defining member variables to record the state of each of the selected UML type. "Semantic same" generic name allows different technical implementation
Now. The UML standard defines an abstract model of the type (type); class application schema definition of the concept on the (class); a variety of software-defined systems
Tags (ISO 19118) in the past from the definition of coding standards XML entities; class implements or data structures. All these definitions refer to the same
Information content. In the digital entity, although there are significant differences in the depth technical level, but with the same name in the expression phase
The same information content is not difficult. This "permit" is defined in the UML model types directly in an application schema.
39 compatible option (see Table 1 to Table 4) to instantiate the object geometry or topology application mode. The following data is complicated by the
Degree, dimension and complexity of the functions of the three criteria are divided.
The first two criteria in the definition of this type of model, and this model will be determined in accordance with the options given the consistency of application mode
to fulfill. In order to define the dimensions of the object type you want to achieve, you need to specify the application mode to be instantiated curves and surfaces used for interpolation
Value type. For those application mode contains one-dimensional objects instantiated curve need to include a "linear" interpolation method, which contains a
Line string curve approach any mechanism to allow easier data into the required pattern. For those should include two-dimensional objects
Mode, a surface of the need to include an instance "plane interpolation" method, i.e. with planar facets to approximate a combination of any surface approach to
It allows data to be converted to a more simplified model needs. Additional curve and surface interpolation mechanism is optional, but if you want to achieve, it should
Follow the definitions contained in this standard. The third criterion (function complexity) is determined to instantiate type member elements (attributes, relevant regulations
And the operation). These modes define the maximum is only defined data types, and may be used for data transmission or service providers to deliver
Operating parameters.
The first criterion is the level of complexity of data, divided into four levels.
--- Geometric primitive;
GB/T 23707-2009/ISO 19107.2003
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