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GB/T 16839.1-2018 English PDF

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GB/T 16839.1-2018: Thermocouples -- Part 1: EMF specifications and tolerances
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GB/T 16839.1: Evolution and historical versions

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GB/T 16839.1-2018English1484 Add to Cart 10 days [Need to translate] Thermocouples -- Part 1: EMF specifications and tolerances Valid GB/T 16839.1-2018
GB/T 16839.1-1997EnglishRFQ ASK 11 days [Need to translate] Thermocouples. Part 1: Reference tables Obsolete GB/T 16839.1-1997

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Basic data

Standard ID GB/T 16839.1-2018 (GB/T16839.1-2018)
Description (Translated English) Thermocouples -- Part 1: EMF specifications and tolerances
Sector / Industry National Standard (Recommended)
Classification of Chinese Standard N11
Classification of International Standard 17.200.20
Word Count Estimation 78,774
Date of Issue 2018-07-13
Date of Implementation 2019-02-01
Older Standard (superseded by this standard) GB/T 16839.2-1997; GB/T 16839.1-1997
Regulation (derived from) National Standard Announcement No. 10 of 2018
Issuing agency(ies) State Administration for Market Regulation, China National Standardization Administration

GB/T 16839.1-2018: Thermocouples -- Part 1: EMF specifications and tolerances

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Thermocouples--Part 1. EMF specifications and tolerances ICS 17.200.20 N11 National Standards of People's Republic of China Replace GB/T 16839.1-1997, GB/T 16839.2-1997 Thermocouples Part 1. Electromotive force specifications and tolerances (IEC 60584-1..2013, IDT) Published on.2018-07-13 Implementation of.2019-02-01 State market supervision and administration China National Standardization Administration issued

Content

Foreword III Introduction IV 1 Scope 1 2 Terms and Definitions 1 3 thermocouple sign 1 4 Electromotive force-temperature indexing function 2 5 thermocouple tolerance 7 6 ITS-90 fixed point thermoelectromotive force value 8 Appendix A (informative) Electromotive force indexing table 10 Appendix B (informative) Inverse function 64 Appendix C (Informative) Thermocouple Selection Guide 69 Reference 73 Table 1 Thermocouple Type 2 Table 2 R type indexing function 3 Table 3 S-type indexing function 4 Table 4 B type indexing function 4 Table 5 J-type indexing function 4 Table 6 T-type indexing function 5 Table 7 E type indexing function 5 Table 8 K-type indexing function 6 Table 9 N-type indexing function 6 Table 10 C type indexing function 7 Table 11 Type A indexing function 7 Table 12 Thermocouple tolerance 7 Table 13 ITS-90 fixed point thermocouple electromotive force and Seebeck coefficient (previous line. electromotive force; next line. Seebeck coefficient) 8 Table A.1 R type. platinum rhodium 13%/platinum 10 Table A.2 S type. platinum rhodium 10%/platinum 16 Table A.3 Type B. Platinum 铑 30%/platinum 铑 6% 21 Table A.4 Type J. Iron/Copper Nickel 27 Table A.5 T type. copper/copper nickel 32 Table A.6 Type E. Nickel Chromium/Copper Nickel 34 Table A.7 Type K. Nickel-Chromium/Nickel-Aluminum 38 Table A.8 Type N. Nickel-Chromium/Nickel Silicon 43 Table A.9 Type C. Tungsten 铼 5%/Tungsten 铼 26% 48 Table A.10 Type A. Tungsten 铼 5%/Tungsten 铼 20% 56 Table B.1 R-type inverse function coefficient 64 Table B.2 S-type inverse function coefficient 65 Table B.3 Type B inverse function coefficient 65 Table B.4 J-type inverse function coefficient 66 Table B.5 T-type inverse function coefficient 66 Table B.6 Type E inverse function coefficient 66 Table B.7 K-type inverse function coefficient 67 Table B.8 N-type inverse function coefficient 67 Table B.9 Type C inverse function coefficient 68 Table B.10 Type A inverse function coefficient 68 Table C.1 Recommended maximum operating temperature, tmax/°C 69 Table C.2 Thermocouples for ambient atmosphere and limits 70 Table C.3 Neutron irradiation effects 71

Foreword

GB/T 16839 "Thermocouple" plans to release the following parts. --- Part 1. Electromotive force specifications and tolerances; --- Part 2. Extension and compensation of wire tolerance and marking system. This part is the first part of GB/T 16839. This part is drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. This part replaces GB/T 16839.1-1997 "Thermocouple Part 1. Index Table" and GB/T 16839.2-1997 "Thermocouple" Part 2. Tolerance, the main technical changes compared with GB/T 16839.1-1997 and GB/T 16839.2-1997 are as follows. --- Combine GB/T 16839.1-1997 and GB/T 16839.2-1997; --- Added Type A and Type C thermocouples and related contents (see Table 10, A.10, Table A.9, Table B.9 and Table 11, A.11, Table) A.10, Table B.10); --- Clarify the primary and secondary relations of the indexing polynomial and the index table, and adjust the position of the two in the standard. The former is included in the text, and multiple The index table derived by the formula is given in Appendix A (see Chapter 4, Appendix A of GB/T 16839.1-1997; see Appendix A, Chapter 4 of GB/T 16839.1-1997; --- Removed the inverse indexing table (the thermocouple inverse function table of each type in Chapter 4 of GB/T 16839.1-1997); ---Modified the maximum temperature of the K-type thermocouple electromotive force polynomial, 1300 °C (see Table 8, Table A.7, Table B.7, GB/T 16839.1-1997 Chapter 4 K-type index table, K-type inverse function table and A.7, B.7); --- Increased the thermoelectric data of the ITS-90 fixed point (electromotive force and Seebeck coefficient, the latter value is separated by 10 ° C) (see section Chapter 6); --- Added Appendix C, gives the use of various types of thermocouples and the use of different environmental conditions (see attached Record C). This section uses the translation method equivalent to IEC 60584-1.2013 "Thermocouple Part 1. Electromotive Force Specifications and Tolerances". This section has made the following editorial changes. --- Corrected an error in IEC 60584-1.2013. Revised the definition of 2.1. The original definition is closer to the Peltier effect, not the "Seebeck effect", the latter should occur in a closed loop of two different electrically conductive materials, rather than in a conductor; --- Note to the inverse function formula of Appendix B, the symbol "T" is corrected to "t90"; --- Table C.2 "RP, SP, RN, SN, BP, BN" column, the third line and the fourth line are repeated, delete one of the lines. This part was proposed by the China Machinery Industry Federation. This part is under the jurisdiction of the National Industrial Process Measurement Control and Automation Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC124). This section drafted by. Shanghai Industrial Automation Instrumentation Research Institute Co., Ltd., Anhui Tiankang (Group) Co., Ltd., Chongqing Sichuan Instrument Seventeen Factory Co., Ltd., Chongqing Materials Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing Dazheng Instrument Co., Ltd., Hebei Province Metrology Supervision and Testing Research Institute, Hangzhou Chunjiang Instrument Co., Ltd., Shenyang Dongda Sensor Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai Gangqi Control Instrument Co., Ltd., Shanghai Metrology Test Institute of Technology, Shanghai Instrumentation and Automation System Inspection and Testing Institute, China Institute of Metrology, Zhejiang Lunde Electromechanical Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing Dynamic Instrument Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Shenwei Electric Co., Ltd. The main drafters of this section. Xiao Honglian, Fan Wei, Mao Wen, Kang Wenjie, Liu Qi, Zhou Hongqin, Qi Rongqin, Wu Dade, Wang Kuihan, He Shihao, Zheng Wei, Wang Jianing, Zheng Yi, Wu Jialun, Shan Yongjun, Cheng Lizhong. The previous versions of the standards replaced by this section are. ---GB/T 16839.1-1997; ---GB/T 16839.2-1997.

Introduction

This section gives the relationship between the electromotive force (EMF) produced by the letter-marked thermocouple and the.1990 International Temperature Scale (ITS-90) temperature. relationship. The indexing polynomials of the R, S, B, J, T, E, K and N type thermocouples are identical to IEC 60584-1.1995, originally developed by the US NIST It was published and published in the.1993 NIST Special Report No. 175. The main revision made in this section is the standardization of two tungsten-rhodium thermocouples with the indexing numbers C and A. These two types of thermoelectric I have been used in industry for a long time. This section is used in ASTM E230/E230-M12 and GOSTR8.585-2001 respectively. The temperature-electromotive force relationship of Type C and Type A. Thermocouples Part 1. Electromotive force specifications and tolerances

1 Scope

This part of GB/T 16839 specifies the indexing function and permission of letter-marked thermocouples (R, S, B, J, T, E, K, N, C and A). difference. The temperature (symbol t90) is expressed in degrees Celsius according to the.1990 international temperature scale ITS-90, and the electromotive force (symbol E) is expressed in microvolts. The indexing function is in the form of a polynomial, and the electromotive force (E, in μV) at the reference junction of the thermocouple is 0°C (t90, unit) Expressed as a function of °C). Appendix A gives the electromotive force values corresponding to the interval of 1 °C in the form of a list. To facilitate the calculation of temperature, Appendix B gives the inverse function, which is expressed as a function of the electromotive force within the set tolerances. This section specifies the tolerances for thermocouples manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard. These tolerance values apply to the nominal diameter of the wire is 0.13mm~ The state of the 3.2mm thermocouple delivered to the user does not apply to the drift calibration of the product in use. Appendix C gives guidelines for the selection of thermocouples based on temperature range and environmental conditions.

2 Terms and definitions

The following terms and definitions apply to this document. 2.1 Thermoelectric effect Seebeck effect In a closed loop composed of two different conductors, an electromotive force (EMF) phenomenon occurs due to the difference in temperature of the two contacts. 2.2 Thermocouple's Seebeck coefficient of Seebeckcoefficientofathermocouple The thermocouple electromotive force change caused by the change in temperature per unit, that is, the first derivative of the electromotive force-temperature function. Note. The Seebeck coefficient dE/dt90 unit is μV/°C. 2.3 Thermocouple thermocouple A temperature detector consisting of a pair of conductors of different materials, one end of which is connected to each other, and a thermoelectric effect is used to measure the temperature. 2.4 Measuring section The thermocouple senses the endpoint of the measured temperature. 2.5 Reference junction referencejunction The thermocouple is at the end of the known (reference) temperature. Note. For the electromotive force values in this section, the reference temperature is 0 °C. 2.6 Tolerance Deviate from the maximum allowable deviation of the electromotive force specification in this section. Note. The tolerance is expressed in equivalent Celsius (°C).

3 thermocouple sign

When using a thermocouple electrode material to mark a thermocouple, the positive electrode should be listed first, ie. "positive material/negative electrode material". The positive electrode refers to a hot electrode having a positive potential relative to the other electrode when the temperature of the measuring end is higher than the reference end. Table 1 lists the types of thermocouples covered in this section. The letter marks in the table identify the electromotive force-temperature in Tables 2 to 11 respectively. Indexing function. These letter marks can be used for thermocouples that conform to any alloy composition that corresponds to the functional relationship and meets the tolerance requirements of Chapter 5. Compliance with the alloy composition requirements given in this chapter does not guarantee that the electromotive force-temperature relationship complies with the provisions of this standard. Table 1 Thermocouple type Letter logo a Nominal composition of elements and alloys Positive electrode material anode material R platinum rhodium 13% platinum S Platinum 铑 10% platinum B Platinum 铑 30% Platinum 铑 6% J iron copper nickel b T copper copper nickel b E Nickel-chromium-copper-nickel b K nickel chrome nickel aluminum c N nickel chrome silicon nickel silicon C tungsten 铼 tungsten 铼 26% A tungsten 铼 5% tungsten 铼 20% Note 1. In addition to N-type thermocouples, the standard alloy composition of inexpensive metal thermocouple alloys has not been determined, but it should be noted that the composition is not as good as between the positive and negative electrodes. Matching is so important. Especially for J-type, E-type and T-type thermocouples, the negative poles are usually not interchangeable. Similarly, the positive poles of type C and type A do not have to be exchange; Note 2. For N-type thermocouples, the following ingredients (mass percentage) are recommended to obtain the desired characteristics, such as good stability and oxidation resistance. ---Positive (nickel chromium silicon). Cr 13.7% ~ 14.7%, Si 1.2% ~ 1.6%, Fe less than 0.15%, C less than 0.05%, Mg less than 0.01%, Ni Balance ---Negative electrode (nickel silicon). Cr less than 0.02%, Si 4.2% to 4.6%, Fe less than 0.15%, C less than 0.05%, Mg 0.05% to 0.2%, Ni Balance. a Thermogram type letter mark is also called the division number. b The negative electrode "copper nickel" of J, T and E type thermocouples is also called "constantan". The negative electrode of the K-type thermocouple is also commonly used with "nickel silicon", but generally cannot be interchanged with the negative electrode of the N-type thermocouple. 4 Electromotive force-temperature indexing function This part uses the indexing function to define the relationship between temperature and electromotive force, that is, when the reference temperature is 0 °C, the electromotive force (E, the unit is μV) is used. The function of temperature (t90, unit °C) is expressed. Except for K-type thermocouples with a temperature range of 0 °C ~ 1300 °C, the thermocouple indexing function expressed in polynomial form is shown in equation (1). E=∑ i=0 Ai×(t90)i (1) In the formula. E --- electromotive force in microvolts (μV); T90---ITS-90 temperature in degrees Celsius (°C); Ai---the coefficient of the i-th term of the polynomial; n --- polynomial order. The values of ai and n are determined according to the type and temperature range of the thermocouple, see Table 2 to Table 11. For K-type thermocouples with a temperature range of 0 °C ~ 1300 °C, the indexing function is shown in equation (2). E=∑ i=0 Ai×(t90)i c0×exp[c1(t90-126.9686)2](2) In the formula. E --- electromotive force in microvolts (μV); T90 ---ITS-90 temperature in degrees Celsius (°C); Ai --- coefficient of the i-th term of the polynomial; n --- polynomial order; C0, c1--- constant term, given by Table 8. Appendix A gives the electromotive force values at 1 °C intervals in tabular form. Appendix B gives the inverse temperature-electromotive force function that meets the specified accuracy requirements. Note 1. Based on the existing processing power, the calculation of the rounding error with this form of polynomial may increase. Nested multiplication rules can be used to avoid this situation. will Add ant product a(n-1), multiply the result by t, repeat this step, and finally add a0, the result is as follows. E={..[(ant90 an-1)t90 an-2]t90 .. a1}t90 a0 Table 2 R type indexing function Polynomial coefficient temperature range -50°C~1064.18°C (n=9) 1064.18°C~1664.5°C (n=5) 1664.5°C~1768.1°C (n=4) A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 0.00000000000×100 5.28961729765×100 1.39166589782×10-2 -2.38855693017×10-5 3.56916001063×10-8 -4.62347666298×10-11 5.00777441034×10-14 -3.73105886191×10-17 1.57716482367×10-20 -2.81038625251×10-24 2.95157925316×103 -2.52061251332×100 1.59564501865×10-2 -7.64085947576×10-6 2.05305291024×10-9 -2.93359668173×10-13 1.52232118209×105 -2.68819888545×102 1.71280280471×10-1 -3.45895706453×10-5 -9.34633971046×10-12 Table 3 S-type indexing function Polynomial coefficient temperature range -50°C~1064.18°C (n=8) 1064.18°C~1664.5°C (n=4) 1664.5°C~1768.1°C (n=4) A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 0.00000000000×100 5.40313308631×100 1.25934289740×10-2 -2.32477968689×10-5 3.22028823036×10-8 -3.31465196389×10-11 2.55744251786×10-14 -1.25068871393×10-17 2.71443176145×10-21 1.32900444085×103 3.34509311344×100 6.54805192818×10-3 -1.64856259209×10-6 1.29989605174×10-11 1.46628232636×105 -2.58430516752×102 1.63693574641×10-1 -3.30439046987×10-5 -9.43223690612×10-12 Table 4 B type indexing function Polynomial coefficient temperature range 0°C~630.615°C (n=6) 630.615°C~1820°C (n=8) A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 0.0000000000×100 -2.4650818346×10-1 5.9040421171×10-3 -1.3257931636×10-6 1.5668291901×10-9 -1.6944529240×10-12 6.2990347094×10-16 -3.8938168621×103 2.8571747470×101 -8.4885104785×10-2 1.5785280164×10-4 -1.6835344864×10-7 1.1109794013×10-10 -4.4515431033×10-14 9.8975640821×10-18 -9.3791330289×10-22 Table 5 J-type indexing function Polynomial coefficient temperature range -210°C~760°C (n=8) 760°C~1200°C (n=5) A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 0.0000000000×100 5.0381187815×101 3.0475836930×10-2 -8.5681065720×10-5 1.3228195295×10-7 -1.7052958337×10-10 2.0948090697×10-13 -1.2538395336×10-16 1.5631725697×10-20 2.9645625681×105 -1.4976127786×103 3.1787103924×100 -3.1847686701×10-3 1.5720819004×10-6 -3.0691369056×10-10 The indexing function of the J-type thermocouple (Table 5) was extended to 1200 °C. However, it should be noted that when a J-type thermocouple is used to measure above 760 ° C After the temperature, the temperature measurement performance below 760 °C may no longer meet the indexing function of the low temperature section, and will exceed the specified tolerance. Table 6 T-type indexing function Polynomial coefficient temperature range -270°C~0°C (n=14) 0°C~400°C (n=8) A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12 A13 A14 0.0000000000×100 3.8748106364×101 4.4194434347×10-2 1.1844323105×10-4 2.0032973554×10-5 9.0138019559×10-7 2.2651156593×10-8 3.6071154205×10-10 3.8493939883×10-12 2.8213521925×10-14 1.4251594779×10-16 4.8768662286×10-19 1.0795539270×10-21 1.3945027062×10-24 7.9795153927×10-28 0.0000000000×100 3.8748106364×101 3.3292227880×10-2 2.0618243404×10-4 -2.1882256846×10-6 1.0996880928×10-8 -3.0815758772×10-11 4.5479135290×10-14 -2.7512901673×10-17 Table 7 E-type indexing function Polynomial coefficient temperature range -270°C~0°C (n=13) 0°C~1000°C (n=10) A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12 A13 0.0000000000×100 5.8665508708×101 4.5410977124×10-2 -7.7998048686×10-4 -2.5800160843×10-5 -5.9452583057×10-7 -9.3214058667×10-9 -1.0287605534×10-10 -8.0370123621×10-13 -4.3979497391×10-15 -1.6414776355×10-17 -3.9673619516×10-20 -5.5827328721×10-23 -3.4657842013×10-26 0.0000000000×100 5.8665508710×101 4.5032275582×10-2 2.8908407212×10-5 -3.3056896652×10-7 6.5024403270×10-10 -1.9197495504×10-13 -1.2536600497×10-15 2.1489217569×10-18 -1.4388041782×10-21 3.5960899481×10-25 Table 8 K-type indexing function Polynomial coefficient temperature range -270°C~0°C (n=10) 0°C~1300°C A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 C0 C1 0.0000000000×100 3.9450128025×101 2.3622373598×10-2 -3.2858906784×10-4 -4.9904828777×10-6 -6.7509059173×10-8 -5.7410327428×10-10 -3.1088872894×10-12 -1.0451609365×10-14 -1.9889266878×10-17 -1.6322697486×10-20 -1.7600413686×101 3.8921204975×101 1.8558770032×10-2 -9.9457592874×10-5 3.1840945719×10-7 -5.6072844889×10-10 5.6075059059×10-13 -3.2020720003×10-16 9.7151147152×10-20 -1.2104721275×10-23 1.185976×102 -1.183432×10-4 For type K thermocouples with temperature range 0 °C ~ 1300 °C (Table 8), use the constants c0, c1 values given in equation (2) and Table 8 Calculation. Table 9 N-type indexing function Polynomial coefficient temperature range -270°C~0°C (n=8) 0°C~1300°C (n=10) A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 0.0000000000×100 2.6159105962×101 1.0957484228×10-2 -9.3841111554×10-5 -4.6412039759×10-8 -2.6303357716×10-9 -2.2653438003×10-11 -7.6089300791×10-14 -9.3419667835×10-17 0.0000000000×100 2.5929394601×101 1.5710141880×10-2 4.3825627237×10-5 -2.5261169794×10-7 6.4311819339×10-10 -1.0063471519×10-12 9.9745338992×10-16 -6.0863245607×10-19 2.0849229339×10-22 -3.0682196151×10-26 Table 10 C-type indexing function Polynomial coefficient temperature range 0°C~630°C, 615°C (n=6) 630°C, 615°C~2315°C (n=6) A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 0.0000000×100 1.3406032×101 1.1924992×10-2 -7.9806354×10-6 -5.0787515×10-9 1.3164197×10-11 -7.9197332×10-15 4.0528823×102 1.1509355×101 1.5696453×10-2 -1.3704412×10-5 5.2290873×10-9 -9.2082758×10-13 4.5245112×10-17 Table 11 Type A indexing function Polynomial coefficient temperature range 0°C~2500°C (n=8) A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 0.0000000×100 1.1951905×101 1.6672625×10-2 -2.8287807×10-5 2.8397839×10-8 -1.8505007×10-11 7.3632123×10-15 -1.6148878×10-18 1.4901679×10-22 Note 2. The coefficient a0 is 0 here, which is inconsistent with the provisions in GOSTR8.585-2001.

5 thermocouple tolerance

Thermocouple tolerances shall be in accordance with Table 12. It should be noted that the tolerances in Table 12 are only for new filaments and may not be used in use thermocouples. The electromotive force changes that occur. The temperature range in Table 12 is not necessarily the recommended operating temperature range. A guide to the operating temperature range is given in Appendix C. During the test, the wire between the measuring end and the reference end should have no joint. Table 12 Thermocouple tolerance Thermocouple type Allowable difference a (± °C) and effective temperature range Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 b 0.5 or 0.004 × t 1 or 0.0075 × t 1 or 0.015 × t T type c -40 ° C ~ 350 ° C -40 ° C ~ 350 ° C -200 ° C ~ 40 ° C 1.5 or 0.004 × t 2.5 or 0.0075 × t 2.5 or 0.015 × t E type -40 ° C ~ 800 ° C -40 ° C ~ 900 ° C -200 ° C ~ 40 ° C Table 12 (continued) Thermocouple Types of Allowable difference a (± °C) and effective temperature range Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 b J type -40 ° C ~ 750 ° C -40 ° C ~ 750 ° C - K type -40 ° C ~ 1000 ° C -40 ° C ~ 1200 ° C -200 ° C ~ 40 ° C N type -40 ° C ~ 1000 ° C -40 ° C ~ 1200 ° C -200 ° C ~ 40 ° C 1 when t< 1100°C t >1100°C is [1 0.003×(t-1100)] 1.5 or 0.0025 × t 4 or 0.005 × t R type or S type 0 ° C ~ 1600 ° C 0 ° C ~ 1600 ° C - Type B - 600 ° C ~ 1700 ° C 600 ° C ~ 1700 ° C - 0.01× t - Type C - 426 ° C ~ 2315 ° C - - 0.01× t Type A - 1000 ° C ~ 2500 ° C - a In addition to Type C and Type A, the tolerance value can be expressed as a Celsius temperature deviation value or as a function of the temperature t (ITS-90 Celsius) in the above table. Take two Larger value among those; b Low-cost metal thermocouple wire usually meets the manufacturing tolerances above -40 ° C in the table, however E-type, K-type and N-type thermocouples may not be in the low temperature section Meet the level 3 manufacturing tolerance. If the thermocouple is required to meet the level 3 tolerance in addition to level 1 and/or level 2, the ordering party should clearly state the requirement because Need to choose the wire; c For T-type thermocouples, it is difficult for a wire to meet both Class 2 and Class 3 tolerance requirements over the entire tolerance temperature range. For this situation, there must be To narrow the effective range. When the tolerance and effective range differ from the given values in Table 12, the manufacturer and the user agree. 6 ITS-90 fixed point thermoelectromotive force value Table 13 shows the electromotive force values (E, μV) at the fixed point temperature (t90, °C), and the thermocouple Seebeck coefficient values (S, μV/°C) are also given. Table 13 ITS-90 fixed point thermocouple electromotive force and Seebeck coefficient (previous line. electromotive force; next line. Seebeck coefficient) Fixed point and temperature Thermocouple type RSBJTEKNCA Argon TP -189.3442°C - - - -7642.9-5427.4-8542.8-5718.5-3877.1 - - - - - 24.6 17.2 27.7 17.2 11.3 - - Mercury TP -38.8344°C -182.9 -189.4 - -1905.2-1434.2-2191.9-1484.2 -993.8 - - 4.1 4.3 - 47.6 35.0 54.0 36.8 24.9 - - Water TP 0.01 ° C 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.8 5.3 5.4 -0.2 50.4 38.7 58.7 39.5 25.9 13.4 12.0 Gallium MP 29.7646°C 169.2 171.4 -2.1 1524.4 1186.8 1786.6 1193.7 786.7 409.4 370.5 6.1 6.1 0.1 52.0 41.1 61.4 40.7 27.0 14.1 12.9 Table 13 (continued) Fixed point and temperature Thermocouple type RSBJTEKNCA Indium FP 156.5985 ° C 1095.7 1082.3 101.9 8374.2 7036.4 10259.7 6403.7 4510.0 2359.2 2188.0 8.3 8.0 1.5 55.2 50.6 71.6 40.2 31.7 16.5 15.5 Tin FP 231.928 ° C 1756.2 1715.0 247.4 12551.711013.215809.2 9420.5 6980.9 3644.0 3387.5 9.2 8.7 2.3 55.5 54.9 75.5 40.4 33.9 17.6 16.3 Zinc FP 419.527 ° C 3611.3 3446.9 867.8 22925.4 - 30511.917223.113701.2 7104.3 6536.4 10.5 9.6 4.3 55.2 - 80.3 42.3 37.4 19.1 17.0 Aluminum FP 660.323 ° C 6277.1 5860.1 2167.0 36695.0 - 49943.127460.722970.511785.8 10621.2 11.6 10.4 6.5 60.7 - 80.1 42.2 39.2 19.5 16.8 Silver FP 961.78 ° C 10003.4 9148.4 4490.7 55669.0 - 73494.339778.134776.117554.3 15529.5 13.1 11.4 8.9 60.3 - 75.6 39.4 38.8 18.6 15.7 Gold FP 1064.18°C 11363.710334.2 5433.5 - - - 43755.238721.719428.5 17117.7 13.5 11.7 9.5 - - - 38.3 38.2 18.0 15.3 Copper FP 1084.62°C 11640.410574.805630.0 - - - 44535.139501.619795.9 17429.2 13.6 11.8 9.7 - - - 38.0 38.1 17.9 15.2 Palladium FP 1554.8 °C 18219.216239.010735.3 - - - - - 27566.1 24020.1 14.0 11.9 11.7 - - - - - 15.1 12.8 Platinum FP 1768.1°C 21102.718693.513223.9 - - - - - 30649.8 26628.3 12...

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