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GB/T 15314-2024: Specifications for precise engineering survey
Status: Valid GB/T 15314: Evolution and historical versions
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Basic data | Standard ID | GB/T 15314-2024 (GB/T15314-2024) | | Description (Translated English) | Specifications for precise engineering survey | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | A78 | | Word Count Estimation | 86,854 | | Date of Issue | 2024-05-28 | | Date of Implementation | 2024-12-01 | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, China National Standardization Administration | GB/T 15314-2024: Specifications for precise engineering survey---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
ICS 07.040
CCSA78
National Standards of People's Republic of China
Replaces GB/T 15314-1994
Precision Engineering Measurement Specifications
Released on 2024-05-28
2024-12-01 implementation
State Administration for Market Regulation
The National Standardization Administration issued
Table of Contents
Preface V
Introduction VII
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Terms and Definitions 1
4 Basic Requirements 2
5 Horizontal control network and elevation control network 3
5.1 Basic Requirements 3
5.2 Accuracy Class 4
5.3 Control network design 5
6 Surveying landmark construction 6
6.1 Basic requirements 6
6.2 Plane point marking 6
6.3 Elevation point marking 7
6.4 Flat high point mark 7
6.5 Submitting information 7
7 Precision Angle Measurement 8
7.1 Basic Requirements 8
7.2 Types and inspection items of precision angle measuring instruments 8
7.3 Technical requirements for angle observation of plane control network 8
7.4 Precision Orientation Measurement 10
7.5 Submitting information 10
8 Precision distance measurement11
8.1 Basic requirements 11
8.2 Distance measurement with a chiseled ruler 11
8.3 Distance measurement with a rod 11
8.4 Automatic distance meter distance measurement 12
8.5 24m Invar ruler distance measurement 13
8.6 Photoelectric distance meter distance measurement 15
8.7 μ-base rangefinder distance measurement 17
8.8 Recording and arranging results 18
8.9 Submitting information 18
9 Precision height measurement 18
9.1 Basic requirements 18
9.2 Geometric leveling 18
9.3 Static leveling 20
9.4 Precision trigonometric height measurement 21
9.5 Precision vertical transfer height measurement 22
9.6 Submitting information 23
10 Precision Alignment Measurement 23
10.1 Basic Requirements 23
10.2 Small angle measurement method 24
10.3 Active Spotting Method 25
10.4 Tension wire method 26
10.5 Diffraction 29
10.6 Laser Alignment Measurement 31
10.7 Zone Plate Laser Alignment Measurement 32
10.8 Submitting information 34
11 Precision vertical measurement 35
11.1 Basic requirements 35
11.2 Vertical method 35
11.3 Inverted method 35
11.4 Optical plumb line method 36
11.5 Laser plummeting instrument method 37
11.6 Submitting information 38
12 Precision 3D Measurement38
12.1 Basic requirements 38
12.2 Total Station Measurement Method 38
12.3 Ground 3D Laser Scanning Measurement 39
12.4 Visual measurement 40
12.5 Laser Tracker Measurement Method 41
12.6 GNSS Measurement Method 42
12.7 Ground-based radar interferometry 42
12.8 Submitting information 43
13 Precision Engineering Measurement Data Processing 44
13.1 Basic requirements 44
13.2 Adjustment calculation and post-test statistical analysis 44
13.3 Precision Engineering Measurement Data Management System 44
14 Quality Control and Results Management 45
14.1 Basic requirements 45
14.2 Quality Control 46
14.3 Results Management 46
Appendix A (Informative) Plane reference point marking 47
A.1 Mechanical transmission type inverted hammer device 47
A.2 Light transmission signs 48
A.3 Rigid support sign 49
Appendix B (Informative) Observation Tower Sign 50
Appendix C (Informative) Plane Point Aiming Mark 51
C.1 Screw-in pole sighting mark 51
C.2 Gravity-balanced ball aiming mark 51
C.3 Direct insertion sign 52
C.4 Embedded aiming mark 53
Appendix D (Informative) Elevation Benchmark Marks 55
D.1 Bimetallic wire marking 55
D.2 Bimetallic pipe marking 55
D.3 Steel pipe marking 56
Appendix E (Informative) Elevation Control Point Marking 57
E.1 Rock formation markers 57
E.2 Shallow buried steel pipe marking 58
E.3 Concrete leveling stone 59
Appendix F (Informative) Elevation aiming point mark 61
F.1 Wall Signs 61
F.2 Basic marking 62
F.3 Equipment marking 63
Appendix G (Informative) Deep buried flat high point marking 64
Appendix H (Informative) Precision Distance Measuring Instruments and Equipment and Measurement Methods 65
H.1 Fitting ruler 65
H.2 Rod 65
H.3 Automatic rangefinder 66
H.4 μ-base rangefinder ranging method 67
Appendix I (Informative) Instrument verification and deviation calculation for precision alignment measurement 69
I.1 Verification of precision alignment measuring instruments 69
I.2 Calculation of Observation Offset Values for Precision Collimation Measurements 70
Appendix J (Informative) Schematic diagram of the tension wire device structure 73
Appendix K (Informative) Calculation of the working tension (i.e. the mass of the weight) of the tension wire 74
References 75
Foreword
This document is in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Guidelines for standardization work Part 1.Structure and drafting rules for standardization documents"
Drafting.
This document replaces GB/T 15314-1994 "Specification for Precision Engineering Measurement". Compared with GB/T 15314-1994, in addition to structural adjustments and
In addition to editorial changes, the main technical content changes are as follows.
a) Added a chapter on “Terms and Definitions” (see Chapter 3);
b) Change "Chapter 4 Precision Horizontal Control Network" to "Plane Control Network and Height Control Network" and change the content of Chapter 5 of the.1994 edition to
accommodated (see Chapter 5, Chapters 4 and 5 of the.1994 edition);
c) The content of "Coordinate datum" has been changed (see 4.1, 4.2, 3.2 of the.1994 edition);
d) "Grade of accuracy" has been deleted (see 3.3 of the.1994 edition);
e) The description of “Instrument Verification” has been changed (see 4.7, 3.7 of the.1994 edition);
f) Changed the description of "Submitted Results" (see 4.9, 3.8 of the.1994 edition);
g) The content of "Design Principles" has been changed (see 5.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.5, 5.1, 5.2 of the.1994 edition);
h) The content of "Technical Design Procedure" has been changed (see 5.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 5.4, 5.5 of the.1994 edition);
i) The accuracy index of the “plane point mark” forced centering device has been changed (see 6.2, 6.2.6 of the.1994 edition);
j) Added the accuracy content of “flat high point mark” (see 6.4.4);
k) The angle measurement error of “precision angle measurement” has been changed (see 7.1.1, 7.1.1 of the.1994 edition);
l) The “Inspection items for precision angle measuring instruments” have been changed (see 7.2.2, 7.2.2 of the.1994 edition);
m) The specific inspection items of “Inspection items for precision angle measuring instruments” have been deleted (see 7.2.2, 7.2.4 and 7.2.5 of the.1994 edition);
n) Added the specific content of "precision directional measurement" (see 7.4, 7.4 of the.1994 edition);
o) Deleted the content of “ME5000 precision distance meter distance measurement” (see 8.9.6 of the.1994 edition);
p) Added the section “Range measurement with μ-base rangefinder” (see 8.7);
q) The table contents of “Observation methods and technical requirements for geometric leveling” were modified (see 9.2.2.1, 9.2.2.1 of the.1994 edition);
r) Added the section “Precision trigonometric height measurement” (see 9.4);
s) The auxiliary measurement content of "Observation methods and technical requirements for geometric leveling" has been deleted (see 9.2.2.6 of the.1994 edition);
t) The content of "tension wire method" was changed, and the specifications of tension wire device and main components were supplemented (see 10.4,.1994 edition).
10.6.2);
u) Added the section “Laser alignment measurement” (see 10.6);
v) Deleted the section “Verification of optical plumb line” (see 11.3.4 of the.1994 edition);
w) Added the section “Laser plummeting instrument method” (see 11.5);
x) Added a chapter on “Precision Three-Dimensional Measurement” (see Chapter 12);
y) The content of “Precision Engineering Measurement Data Processing” has been changed (see Chapter 13, Chapter 12 of the.1994 edition);
z) Added a chapter on “Quality Control and Results Management” (see Chapter 14);
aa) The logo of "Appendix B, Appendix C, Appendix E, Appendix F" has been changed (see Figure B.1 and Figure B.2 of Appendix B, Figure
C.3, Appendix E, Appendix F, Figure B.1 and Figure B.2 of Appendix B, Figure C.3 of Appendix C, Appendix E, Appendix F of the.1994 edition);
bb) Added the appendix “Schematic diagram of the tension wire device structure” (see Appendix J);
cc) Deleted "Appendix I, Appendix K, Appendix L, Appendix M, Appendix N" (see Appendix I, Appendix K, Appendix L, Appendix N of the.1994 edition)
M, Appendix N).
Please note that some of the contents of this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document does not assume the responsibility for identifying patents.
This document is proposed by the Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China.
This document is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Geographic Information Standardization (SAC/TC230).
This document was drafted by. Surveying and Mapping Standardization Institute of the Ministry of Natural Resources, the Second Topographic Survey Team of the Ministry of Natural Resources, the First
Land Surveying Team, CCCC First Highway Survey and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Sichuan Surveying and Mapping Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Station of the Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing Urban Planning and Design Institute
China Construction Engineering Corporation Limited, China Power Construction Group Beijing Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd., China Railway First Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd.
Group Co., Ltd., Construction Comprehensive Survey Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Tongji University, Wuhan University, China Communications Highway Planning and Design Institute Co., Ltd.,
Beijing Institute of Surveying and Mapping, National Basic Geographic Information Center, Guangzhou Changdi Space Information Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin Survey and Design Institute
GROUP LIMITED.
The main drafters of this document are. Xiao Xuenian, Zhang Kun, Zhao Xin, Huang Wenyuan, Yin Tong, Ma Quanming, Liu Dongqing, Wu Tong, Ren Xiaochun, Wang Shudong, Liu Chun,
Xu Yaming, Yan Jingxin, Zeng Xuping, Jia Guangjun, Zhang Fenglu, Zhang Peng, Zhang Shengshu, Zhang Qinglan, Liu Xiaoqiang, Xu Shuangan, Xue Guidong, Xu Zhengwen, Wan Jun,
Liu Zhanke, Yu Jieqin, Zhou Haiping, and Sun Zeyu.
The previous versions of this document and the documents it replaces are as follows.
---First published in.1994 as GB/T 15314-1994;
---This is the first revision.
Introduction
Precision engineering measurement is the use of high-precision measuring instruments and special equipment, using appropriate measurement methods and data processing means to make the measurement
Engineering surveying work that requires absolute accuracy of millimeters or above or relative accuracy of 10-5 or above.
Provide engineering control measurement and precision angle, precision distance,
Precision height, precision alignment, precision vertical alignment, precision three-dimensional measurement and other related measurements all belong to the category of precision engineering measurement. Precision engineering measurement is used for
The precision requirements of various projects are particularly high, and the parts that play a key role in engineering construction, the precision requirements of the measured objects, their geometric shapes, and their time and space positions are
The location, material, and relationship requirements of the project are often very different, and are subject to the constraints of the specific working environment and construction conditions of the project, making the measurement difficult.
There are many technical methods and measurement facilities available. It is necessary to select the applicable general methods specified in this document according to the specific requirements of the project and the working environment.
Measurement methods and measurement facilities and equipment and their technical requirements, used alone or in combination, or in accordance with the relevant industry standards for specific projects
In many cases, there may be no ready-made method to use, so a special design based on the measurement principle is required.
It is even necessary to develop special measuring equipment or supporting devices.
In.1994, my country issued GB/T 15314-1994 "Specification for Precision Engineering Measurement", and the release and implementation of this document is approaching.
Over the past 30 years, with the development of my country's economy, society and technology, the requirements for standard formulation and precision engineering measurement technology have undergone significant changes.
Therefore, it is necessary to revise and improve GB/T 15314 to continuously adapt to the new changes and new demands of precision engineering measurement.
The technical methods, contents and requirements involved in precision engineering measurement have been revised and improved.
Precision Engineering Measurement Specifications
1 Scope
This document specifies the precise engineering survey control network, survey mark construction, precise angle measurement, precise distance measurement, precise height measurement,
Technical contents and requirements including precision alignment measurement, precision vertical measurement, precision three-dimensional measurement, as well as data processing, quality control and results management.
This document is applicable to precision measurement work in various stages of survey and design, construction layout, installation and commissioning, deformation monitoring, etc. of various projects.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute the essential clauses of this document through normative references in this document.
For referenced documents without a date, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for referenced documents without a date, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to
This document.
GB/T 12897 National first and second class leveling specifications
GB/T 17942 National Triangulation Specification
GB/T 17943 Specification for geodetic and astronomical measurements
GB/T 18314 Global Positioning System (GPS) Measurement Specification
CH/T.2004 Basic provisions for electronic field records of measurement
JJG8 Leveling rod calibration procedures
JJG100 Total Station Electronic Tachometer Calibration Procedure
JJG414 Optical Theodolite
JJG425 Level Verification Procedure
JJG703 Photoelectric distance meter calibration procedures
JJG(Surveying and Mapping)2101 Digital Level Calibration Procedure
JJG (Surveying and Mapping) 2102 Verification Procedure for Invar Barcode Leveling Staff
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1
Use high-precision measuring instruments and special equipment, use corresponding measurement methods and data processing means to achieve absolute measurement accuracy
Engineering surveying work with millimeter level or above or relative accuracy of 10-5 or above.
3.2
Accurately measure the distance and angle of the point offset in a fixed direction, and repeatedly and accurately adjust the point to make the distance and angle of the point
Measurement method where the offset is less than the error requirement.
Note. It is generally used for the precise installation of precision components in space according to the designed position. The tension wire method, optical measurement method and photoelectric measurement method can be used as needed.
method.
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