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GB 18320-2025: Tri-wheel vehicles - Safety technical specification
GB 18320: Evolution and historical versions
| Standard ID | Contents [version] | USD | STEP2 | [PDF] delivered in | Standard Title (Description) | Status | PDF |
| GB 18320-2025 | English | 679 |
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5 days [Need to translate]
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Tri-wheel vehicles - Safety technical specification
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GB 18320-2025
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| GB 18320-2008 | English | 369 |
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Tri-wheel vehicles and low-speed goods vehicles -- Safety requirements
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GB 18320-2008
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| GB 18320-2001 | English | 479 |
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Agricultural vehicles -- Safety requirements
| Obsolete |
GB 18320-2001
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Basic data
| Standard ID | GB 18320-2025 (GB18320-2025) |
| Description (Translated English) | Tri-wheel vehicles - Safety technical specification |
| Sector / Industry | National Standard |
| Classification of Chinese Standard | T54 |
| Classification of International Standard | 65.060.01 |
| Word Count Estimation | 34,331 |
| Date of Issue | 2025-10-31 |
| Date of Implementation | 2026-11-01 |
| Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB 18320-2008, GB 24943-2010 |
| Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation and Standardization Administration of China |
GB 18320-2025: Tri-wheel vehicles - Safety technical specification
---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
ICS 65.060.01
CCST54
National Standards of the People's Republic of China
Replaces GB 18320-2008 and GB 24943-2010
Three-wheeled vehicle safety technical specifications
Published on 2025-10-31
Implemented on 2026-11-01
State Administration for Market Regulation
The State Administration for Standardization issued a statement.
Table of contents
Preface III
1.Scope 1
2 Normative References 1
3.Terms and Definitions 2
4.Safety Requirements 2
5.Usage Information 11
6.Determination of Safety Requirements 13
Appendix A (Normative) Safety Signs for Three-Wheeled Vehicles 19
Appendix B (Normative) Measurement Method for Braking Response Time of Pneumatic Systems 28
References 29
Foreword
This document complies with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Standardization Work Guidelines Part 1.Structure and Drafting Rules of Standardization Documents".
Drafting.
This document supersedes GB 18320-2008 "Safety Technical Requirements for Three-Wheeled Vehicles and Low-Speed Trucks" and GB 24943-2010 "Safety Technical Requirements for Three-Wheeled Vehicles and Low-Speed Trucks".
"Safety Signs for Vehicles and Low-Speed Trucks". This document is based on GB 18320-2008 and incorporates content from GB 24943-2010.
Compared with GB 18320-2008, apart from structural adjustments and editorial changes, the main technical changes are as follows.
---The scope of the document has been changed (see Chapter 1, Chapter 1 of the.2008 edition);
---The list of dangers has been removed (see Chapter 3 of the.2008 edition);
---The general requirements for the whole vehicle have been changed (see 4.1,.2008 version 4.1);
---Increased rear space requirements for three-wheeled vehicles with extended cabs (see 4.2.1.2);
---Added requirements for the passenger seat dimensions of steering wheel-mounted three-wheeled vehicles (see 4.2.2.3);
---The steering wheel (steering handle) center offset requirement has been changed (see 4.2.3.1, 4.2.3 in the.2008 version);
---Increased flexibility requirements for all components of the control mechanism (see 4.2.4.2);
---The safety requirements and criteria for low-speed trucks have been removed (see sections 4.2~4.7, 4.11, 4.12, 5.1~5.4, and 6.4 of the.2008 edition).
(6.6, 6.8, 6.10~6.13)
---The requirements for access to and from the cab of fully enclosed three-wheeled vehicles have been changed (see 4.2.5.2, 4.2.5 in the.2008 version);
---Changes have been made to the requirements for the vehicle body, doors, and windows, adding provisions that the vehicle body should not have mirror-like reflections, should not have structures that increase outward dimensions, and should not carry...
Requirements for cargo structure, etc. (see 4.2.6,.2008 edition of 4.2.6);
---Added requirements for the roll stability angle of tank-type three-wheeled vehicles (see 4.3);
---The maximum free rotation of the steering wheel of the three-wheeled vehicle has been changed, the torque bearing capacity of the steering limit device has been increased, and the front shock absorber has been expanded.
Requirements for observation posts, direction posts, etc. (see 4.4.2,.2008 version 4.4.2);
---Requirements for hydraulic braking systems and pneumatic braking systems have been added (see 4.4.3);
---Requirements have been added regarding tire specifications, tire tread depth, and wheel assembly runout (see 4.4.4);
---Added requirements such as prohibiting the use of transmissions with overdrive gears, drive shaft operational stability, and speed limiting devices; removed requirements regarding gear shift lever operation.
Longitudinal force requirements (see 4.4.5);
---The requirement for a side-tipping self-unloading device has been added (see 4.4.6.1);
---Increased vibration stability of lighting and signaling devices; external obstructions should be avoided; headlight beam illumination position; overall high beam illumination.
Requirements for intensity, light distribution performance of signal devices, and installation of reflective signs (see 4.5);
---Added requirements for the performance, installation location, and angle of the rearview mirror (see 4.6);
---Added piping layout requirements (see 4.7.1.1);
---The requirements for hot surface protection devices or baffles have been changed (see 4.8.1, 4.8 in the.2008 edition);
---Added requirements for the reliability of electrical wire connectors, wire insulation, and fuse installation (see 4.9.2.2~4.9.2.4);
---The requirement has been added that three-wheeled vehicles equipped with multi-cylinder diesel engines should be fitted with speedometers (see 4.10.1);
---Added manufacturing tolerance requirements for dimensional and mass parameters (see 4.11);
---Changes were made to requirements regarding exhaust pipe direction, accelerated exhaust smoke opacity limits, and exhaust pollutant emission limits (see 4.13,.2008).
Version 4.13);
---Added fuel consumption limits for three-wheeled vehicles equipped with diesel engines (see 4.14);
---Changes have been made to the requirements for vehicle identification numbers and license plate (frame) settings for three-wheeled vehicles (see 5.1, 6.1 of the.2008 version);
---The requirements for compiling the instruction manual have been changed (see 5.4, 6.4 in the.2008 edition);
---Added measurement methods for the whole vehicle (see 6.1);
---A method for measuring the rear seat space in three-wheeled vehicles with extended cabs has been added (see 6.2.1);
---Added a method for measuring seat dimensions (see 6.2.2);
---Added methods for measuring steering wheel (steering handle) offset and clearance between the steering wheel and adjacent components (see 6.2.3);
---A method for measuring the clearance around the manual operating mechanism has been added (see 6.2.4);
---Added a method for measuring the access route to and from the driver's seat (see 6.2.5);
---The measurement methods for the vehicle body, doors, and windows have been changed (see 6.2.6, 5.2.6 in the.2008 version);
---The method for measuring the steering wheel axle load ratio has been changed (see 6.3.2, 5.3.2 in the.2008 version);
---The methods for measuring the maximum free rotation of the steering wheel and the maximum tangential force on the outer edge of the steering wheel have been changed, and the torque of the steering limit device has been added.
Moment measurement method (see 6.4.2, 5.4.2 in the.2008 edition);
---The method for measuring the response time of the brake chamber in the air pressure braking system has been added, and the braking performance and parking brake performance of the road test vehicle have been modified.
Measurement methods (see 6.4.3);
---The measurement method for the clutch and its operating force has been changed, and a measurement method for the speed limiter has been added (see 6.4.5,.2008 version).
5.4.5);
---Added test methods for the light distribution performance of headlights, turn signals, reversing lights, retroreflectors, etc. (see 6.5);
---The method for measuring the actual maximum speed of three-wheeled vehicles has been changed, and a method for measuring speedometer error during road tests has been added (see...).
6.10 (5.10 in the.2008 edition);
---The methods for measuring the maximum permissible gross vehicle weight and overall dimensions of three-wheeled vehicles have been changed (see 6.11, 5.11 in the.2008 edition);
---The method for measuring smoke opacity during free acceleration of three-wheeled vehicles has been changed (see 6.13, 5.13 in the.2008 edition);
---Added a method for measuring fuel consumption of three-wheeled vehicles equipped with diesel engines (see 6.14);
---Added the use of information measurement methods (see 6.15);
---Added regulatory requirements for safety signs used on three-wheeled vehicles (see Appendix A);
---Added a method for measuring the braking response time of pneumatic systems (Appendix B).
Please note that some content in this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document assumes no responsibility for identifying patents.
This document was proposed and is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China.
This document was first published in.2001, revised for the first time in.2008, and this is the second revision, in which GB 24943- was incorporated.
Contents of the.2010 "Safety Signs for Three-Wheeled Vehicles and Low-Speed Trucks".
Three-wheeled vehicle safety technical specifications
1 Scope
This document specifies the safety requirements, usage information, and determination of safety requirements for three-wheeled vehicles.
This document applies to the design, manufacture, and inspection of three-wheeled vehicles.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents, through normative references within the text, constitute essential provisions of this document. Dated citations are not included.
For references to documents, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies.
This document.
GB 1589 Limits for the overall dimensions, axle load and mass of automobiles, trailers and automobile combinations
GB 8410 Combustion characteristics of automotive interior materials
GB 9656 Technical Specification for Safety of Motor Vehicle Glass
GB 10396-2006 General Rules for Safety Signs and Hazard Symbols for Agricultural and Forestry Tractors and Machinery, Lawn and Horticultural Power Machinery
GB 11564 Retroreflective Devices for Motor Vehicles
GB 16735 Road Vehicles Vehicle Identification Number (VIN)
GB 18322 Limits and Measurement Methods for Smoke Emissions from Agricultural Transport Vehicles During Free Acceleration
GB/T 19118 Noise Measurement Methods for Three-Wheeled Vehicles and Low-Speed Trucks
GB/T 19119 Installation Specifications for Lighting and Signaling Devices of Three-Wheeled Vehicles and Low-Speed Trucks
GB/T 19120 Structure, performance and test methods for braking systems of three-wheeled vehicles and low-speed trucks
GB/T 19122 Symbols for controls, indicators and signaling devices of three-wheeled vehicles and low-speed trucks
GB/T 19123 Photometric performance of turn signals for three-wheeled vehicles and low-speed trucks
GB/T 19124 Headlights for Three-Wheeled Vehicles and Low-Speed Trucks
GB/T 19125 Photometric properties of front position lights, rear position lights and brake lights for three-wheeled vehicles and low-speed trucks
GB/T 19128 Retroreflectors for Three-Wheeled Vehicles and Low-Speed Trucks
GB/T 19129 Performance requirements and test methods for electric horns of three-wheeled vehicles and low-speed trucks
GB/T 19131 License Plate Plates (Frames) and Their Positions for Three-Wheeled Vehicles and Low-Speed Trucks
GB/T 19133 Test Method for Maximum Roll Stability Angle of Three-Wheeled Vehicles and Low-Speed Trucks
GB/T 19134 Performance and installation requirements for rearview mirrors of three-wheeled vehicles and low-speed trucks
GB/T 19135 Photometric performance of reversing lights for three-wheeled vehicles and low-speed trucks
GB 19757 Limits and Measurement Methods for Exterior Noise of Three-Wheeled Vehicles and Low-Speed Trucks During Acceleration (China Stage I and II)
GB 20891 Emission limits and measurement methods for exhaust pollutants from diesel engines used in non-road mobile machinery (China Stage III and IV)
GB 21377 Fuel Consumption Limits and Measurement Methods for Three-Wheeled Vehicles
GB/T 23920 Method for determining the maximum speed of low-speed vehicles
GB/T 23931-2021 Test Methods for Three-Wheeled Vehicles
GB/T 24939 Safety Technical Requirements for Three-Wheeled Truck Self-Unloading Systems
GB/T 24942 General Requirements for Maximum Speed Limiting Devices for Three-Wheeled Vehicles and Low-Speed Trucks
GB/T 24948 Vocabulary for Low-Speed Vehicles
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