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Basic data | Standard ID | GB/T 15092.1-2020 (GB/T15092.1-2020) | | Description (Translated English) | Switches for appliances - Part 1: General requirements | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | K64 | | Classification of International Standard | 29.120.40 | | Word Count Estimation | 102,180 | | Date of Issue | 2020-12-14 | | Date of Implementation | 2021-07-01 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB/T 15092.1-2010 | | Regulation (derived from) | National Standard Announcement No. 28 of 2020 | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, China National Standardization Administration |
GB/T 15092.1-2020: Switches for appliances - Part 1: General requirements---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
Switches for appliances -- Part 1.General requirements
ICS 29.120.40
K64
National Standards of People's Republic of China
Replace GB/T 15092.1-2010
Appliance switches - Part 1.General requirements
(IEC 61058-1.2016, MOD)
Released on 12-14-2020
2021-07-01 implementation
State Administration for Market Regulation
Released by the National Standardization Management Committee
table of contents
Preface V
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Terms and Definitions 3
4 total requirements 12
5 General precautions for testing 12
6 rating 13
7 categories 14
8 Signs and documents 26
9 Protection against electric shock 32
10 Grounding device 33
11 Terminals and terminals 35
12 Structure 39
13 institutions 40
14 Protection against solid foreign objects, water and moisture 41
15 Insulation resistance and dielectric strength 42
16 Fever 44
17 Durability46
18 Mechanical strength 46
19 Screws, current carriers and couplings 47
20 Clearances, Creepage Distances, Solid Insulation and Coatings of Rigid Printed Circuit Board Components 49
21 Fire hazard 55
22 anti-rust 56
23 Abnormal operation and fault conditions of switches 57
24 switching components 57
25 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements 59
Appendix A
(Informative appendix) Common end product standards72
Appendix B
(Normative appendix) Relationship between rated impulse withstand voltage, rated voltage and overvoltage category 73
Appendix C
(Normative appendix) Pollution level 74
Appendix D
(Normative appendix) Routine test 75
Appendix E
(Informative appendix) Sampling test 76
Appendix F
(Informative appendix) Switch Application Guidelines 77
Appendix G
(Informative) Types of Coating for Rigid Printed Circuit Board Components 79
Appendix H
(Informative appendix) Dimensions of the switch insert part 80
Appendix I
(Normative appendix) Measurement of clearances and creepage distances 81
Appendix J
(Informative appendix) Diagram for determining clearances and creepage distances 85
Appendix K
(Normative appendix) Impulse voltage test 86
Appendix L
(Normative appendix) Altitude correction factor 87
Appendix M
(Normative appendix) Electric tracking resistance test 88
Appendix N
(Normative appendix) Measuring the insulation distance of printed circuit boards with Type 1 coating 89
Appendix O
(Normative appendix) Switch family 90
Reference 92
Figure 1 Example of post terminal 62
Figure 2 Screw terminal and screw terminal example 63
Figure 3 Example of saddle terminal 64
Figure 4 Example of Lug Terminals 64
Figure 5 Example of a sleeve terminal 64
Figure 6 Example of screwless terminal 65
Figure 7 Test socket 66 for flat quick-connect terminals
Figure 8 Test circuit for AC capacitive load and simulated tungsten bulb load 66
Figure 9 Test circuit for DC capacitive load and simulated light bulb load 67
Figure 10 Rated at 10/100
V~ switch test with capacitive load test circuit parameter value 67
Figure 11 Installation device 68 for impact test
Figure 12 Continuous work --- working system S1 (see 7.18.1) 69
Figure 13 Short-time work --- work system S2 (see 7.18.2) 69
Figure 14 Intermittent cycle work --- work system S3 (see 7.18.3) 70
Figure 15 Heating test circuit diagram 70
Figure 16 Endurance test circuit diagram 71
Figure J.1 Schematic diagram for determining clearances and creepage distances 85
Figure N.1 Measurement of insulation distance 89
Table 1 Test load of multi-directional switch13
Table 2 Switch type and connection mode18
Table 3 Switch data and group load 26
Table 4 Resistive current carried by the terminal and the corresponding cross-sectional area of the connecting non-prepared conductor35
Table 5 Terminal test sequence 37
Table 6 Pulling force of screw-type terminals 38
Table 7 Minimum insulation resistance 43
Table 8 Dielectric Strength 43
Table 9 minimum pulling force 46
Table 10 Torque value 48
Table 11 Torque values for threaded sealing caps 49
Table 12 Basic insulation minimum electrical clearance 50
Table 13 Basic insulation minimum creepage distance 52
Table 14 Working insulation minimum creepage distance 53
Table 15 Test levels and conditions 55
Table 16 Minimum requirements for capacitors 59
Table 17 Test level and duration of voltage dips and short interruptions 60
Table 18 Fast Transient Burst 61
Table B.1 Rated Impulse Withstand Voltage of Switches Directly Powered by Low Voltage Network 73
Table I.1 Width X minimum value and related pollution degree 81
Table K.1 Sea level test voltage for checking electrical clearances 86
Table L.1 Altitude Correction Factor 87
Appliance switches - Part 1.General requirements
1 Scope
GB/T
This part of 15092 specifies the marking and documentation of appliance switches, protection against electric shock, structural requirements, institutional requirements, mechanical
Energy, electrical performance and other technical requirements.
This standard applies to appliance switches (hereinafter referred to as switches) for actuating or controlling household or similar electrical appliances and other equipment.
The rated voltage is not higher than 480V, and the rated current is not higher than 63A.
Such switches are operated by a person via an actuator, indirectly or by activating a sensor. Between the actuator or sensor and the switch
Signal transmission can be light, sound, temperature, electrical or other related means, and can also include remote control devices.
This standard applies to switches providing additional control functions, which are subject to the electronic circuits and devices provided by the switch,
is required for intentional and/or correct operation of the switch.
This section applies to circuits required for the evaluation of switches and switch functions.
This section applies to the general requirements for appliance switches in conjunction with the following sections.
--- Part 1-1.Requirements for mechanical switches;
--- Part 1-2.Requirements for electronic switches.
This standard does not apply to devices covered by the following standards.
---GB/T
16915 (all parts) Switches for household and similar fixed electrical installations;
---GB/T
14536 (all parts) Electric automatic controls for household and similar uses.
This section does not apply to the requirements for safety isolating switches (IEC
60050-811.1991).
Note 1.
For switches used in tropical climates, additional requirements may be added as necessary.
Note 2.
The end product standards of attention appliances may contain additional requirements or replacement requirements for switches. For end product standards with additional requirements, see Appendix A.
Note 3.
In this section, the term "apparatus" refers to "apparatus or equipment".
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the dated version applies to this document
pieces. For undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T
156 standard voltage (GB/T
156-2017,IEC
60038.2009, MOD)
GB/T
2423.55 Environmental testing for electrical and electronic products - Part 2.Test method Test Eh. Hammer test (GB/T
2423.
55-2006, IEC
60068-2-75.1997, IDT)
GB/T
4207-2012 Method for determination of tracking resistance index and relative tracking index of solid insulating materials (IEC
60112.2009,
IDT)
GB/T
4208-2017 Enclosure protection level (IP code) (IEC
60529.2013, IDT)
GB
4343.1-2018 Electromagnetic compatibility requirements for household appliances, electric tools and similar appliances Part 1.Emission (CISPR
14-1.
2011, IDT)
GB/T
4728 (all parts) Graphical symbols for electrical diagrams [IEC
database
(all parts)]
GB/T
5169.11 Fire Hazard Tests for Electrical and Electronic Products - Part 11.Glow Wire/Hot Wire Basic Test Methods Ignition of Finished Products
Hot wire flammability test method (GWEPT) (GB/T
5169.11-2017, IEC
60695-2-11.2014, IDT)
GB/T
5169.16 Fire Hazard Tests for Electrical and Electronic Products Part 16.Test Flame 50
W horizontal and vertical flame test
3.2.7
working voltage
voltage
The highest AC rms voltage or the highest DC voltage that can appear on either insulation when the switch is powered by rated voltage.
Note 1.
Transients are ignored.
Note 2.
Consider open circuit conditions and normal operating conditions.
3.2.8
Over-voltage over-voltage
Any voltage whose peak value exceeds the corresponding peak value of the highest steady-state voltage under normal operating conditions.
3.2.9
Over-voltage category over-voltage
category
Number defining the transient overvoltage condition.
Note.
Appendix B specifies the relationship between rated impulse withstand voltage, rated voltage and overvoltage category.
3.2.10
Impulse withstand voltage impulse
stand against
The maximum peak value of a pulse voltage with specified waveform and polarity that will not cause insulation breakdown under specified conditions.
3.2.11
Minimum load minimum
load
Under the load conditions, the electronic switch can still work normally.
3.2.12
Equivalent heating current thermal
current
Under the test conditions specified by the manufacturer (possibly including the ambient air temperature) and without forced cooling, the electronic
Continuous electrical resistance equal to the heat generated by the appliance under ambient conditions and when operated at the rated load of the appliance with forced cooling, if any
current.
Note.
The concept of "equivalent thermal current" simplifies the testing of electronic switches under complex cooling conditions in normal use. The equivalent thermal current is always determined by
The test is carried out by placing the switch on the table or in a simple test device, and comparing the test with the switch in the appliance in which it is placed. because
Therefore, the equivalent heating current is usually always less than the rated current. This requires additional tests on terminals, contacts, etc., in order to verify that when the electronic switch is installed in the
When in the tool, these terminals, contacts, etc. can carry the rated current. These additional tests in GB/T
15092.101-2020 or GB/T
15092.102-2020
regulated in Chapters 16 and 17.
3.3 Terms and definitions for different types of switches
3.3.1
Attached switch incorporated
switch
Assembled in the appliance or fixed to the appliance, the switch can be tested separately.
[IEC
60050-442.1998, definition 442-04-01]
3.3.2
split switch integrated
switch
Functionality is achieved by means of a switch which is correctly installed and fixed in the appliance and tested in combination with the relevant parts of the appliance.
[IEC
60050-442.1998, definition 442-04-02]
3.3.3
rotary switchrotary
switch
The actuator is a shaft or mandrel that rotates the shaft to one or more specified positions to change the contact state of the switch.
Note.
The rotation of the actuator can be unrestricted or restricted in either direction.
3.3.4
flip switch lever
switch
The actuator is a lever, a switch that changes the contact state by turning (reversing) the lever to one or more specified positions.
3.3.5
rocker switch rocker
switch
The actuator is a lever (rocker) with a low appearance, and it is a switch that changes the contact state by tilting the rocker to one or more designated positions.
3.3.6
button switch push-button
switch
The actuator is a button, which is pressed to change the contact state of the switch.
Note.
The switch can be equipped with one or more actuators.
3.3.7
Pull switch cord-operated
switch
The actuator is a pull wire that pulls the pull wire to change the switch of the contact state.
Note.
Rewrite IEC
60050-442.1998, definition
442-04-08.
3.3.8
Push-pull switch push-pul
switch
The actuator is a rod that pulls or pushes the rod to one or more specified positions to change the contact state of the switch.
3.3.9
Automatic reset switch biased
switch
A switch in which both the contacts and the actuator return to the preset position after the actuator is released from the position to which it was driven.
3.4 Terms and definitions for switching operation
3.4.1
drive actuation
Movement of a switch actuator caused by hand, foot or any other human action.
3.4.2
Indirect drive indirect
actuation
Movement of a switch actuator indirectly caused by a part of an appliance incorporating an attached switch or a split switch, such as a door of the appliance
Note.
For example, the switch can be attached or assembled on the door of the appliance.
3.4.3
actuator actuating
member
A part that can be pulled, pushed, turned, or otherwise moved so as to result in an operation.
3.4.4
Transmission mechanism actuating
means
Any part that may be between the actuator and the contact mechanism to achieve contact operation.
3.4.5
disconnection
Interruption of a circuit in one pole providing insulation between the supply and those parts intended to be disconnected from the supply.
3.4.6
Micro disconnect micro-disconnection
A disconnection that relies on contact spacing to achieve proper functional characteristics under long-duration transient overvoltage conditions.
3.4.7
electronic disconnection electronic-disconnection
A disconnection that relies on semiconductor devices to achieve non-periodic, proper functional characteristics under long-duration transient overvoltage conditions.
3.4.8
Completely disconnect ful-disconnection
In the case of long-duration and short-duration transient overvoltages and impulse withstand voltages, relying on contact spacing to achieve proper functional characteristics,
A disconnect equivalent to basic insulation.
3.4.9
Single-phase all-pole disconnection al-pole
disconnection
Actuated by a single switch for both AC and DC appliances while disconnecting all supply conductors (except the earth conductor).
3.4.10
operating cycle operating
cycle
Successive operations from one position to another, passing through all other positions (if any), and returning to the initial position.
Note.
Rewrite GB/T
2900.20-2016, definition 8.2.
3.4.11
Electronic actuator electronic
actuating
A component, element or group of elements that controls a transmission or switching device.
Note.
An optical or acoustic sensor is an example of a component group.
3.4.12
electronic transmission
actuating
A part, element, or group of elements that electronically controls a switching device.
3.4.13
Abnormal situation abnormal
conditions
Conditions that may occur in an appliance or in a switch that may lead to a reduction in safety during normal operation.
Note.
These conditions (e.g. elevated temperature, loss of protection against electric shock) may be the cause of a switch failure if defects or deterioration in other components of the application are foreseeable.
failure or the consequences of relevant environmental conditions, excluding (anticipated) misuse.
3.4.14
sensor sensing
unit
A control input that can be adjusted by non-mechanical means, contains electronic components and is activated by any physical phenomenon or group of physical phenomena
out electronic components or devices.
3.4.15
fault condition fault
conditions
Simulate abnormal conditions caused by internal faults in the switch by modifying the switch.
3.5 Terms and definitions for switch connections
3.5.1
External conductorexternal
conductor
A cable, cord or conductor external to a switch.
3.5.2
Built-in conductor integrated
conductor
Conductor inside a switch or used to permanently connect the terminals or terminals of a switch to each other.
3.6 Terms and Definitions for Terminals and Ends
3.6.1
terminalterminal
Conductive part used to connect a switch to one or more external conductors.
3.6.2
screw terminal screw
type
terminal
A terminal for the connection, interconnection and subsequent disconnection of one or more conductors, directly or indirectly by means of any type of screw or nut.
Note.
Examples of screw-type terminals include the terminals in FIGS. 1 to 5.
3.6.3
Post terminal pilar
terminal
The conductor is inserted into the hole or cavity and is clamped under the shank of the screw. The clamping force can be applied directly by the screw rod or through an intermediate clamping part
Plus, a screw-type terminal in which pressure is applied by a screw shank to an intermediate clamping member.
See Figure 1 for an example of a post terminal.
3.6.4
screw terminal screw
terminal
The wire is clamped under the screw head. Clamping force can be applied directly by the screw head, or through intermediate parts such as washers, pressure plates or anti-loosening parts
A screw-type terminal applied.
See Figure 2 for an example of screw terminals.
3.6.5
screw terminal stud
terminal
The wire is clamped under the nut, and the clamping force can be applied directly by a nut with an appropriate shape, or through an intermediary part such as a washer, a pressure plate
or a screw-type terminal applied by an anti-loosening component.
See Figure 2 for an example screw terminal.
3.6.6
saddle terminal saddle
terminal
A threaded terminal in which the wire is clamped under the saddle-shaped pressure plate by 2 or more screws or nuts.
An example of a saddle terminal is shown in Figure 3.
3.6.7
Lug terminal lug
terminal
A screw-type terminal that directly or indirectly clamps a cable lug or busbar by means of a screw or nut.
See Figure 4 for an example of a lug terminal.
3.6.8
Sleeve type (shroud type) terminal mantle
terminal
The wire is clamped to the bottom of a slot cut in a threaded stud by means of a nut, which may be passed through a suitably shaped pad placed under the nut
ring, center stem (if the nut is a cap nut), or an equivalent that transmits pressure from the nut to the conductor in the slot, compressing the wire against the slot
A screw-type terminal at the bottom.
An example of a sleeve terminal is shown in Figure 5.
3.6.9
screwless terminal screwless
terminal
Terminals for the direct or indirect connection and/or interconnection and subsequent disconnection of one or more conductors using non-threaded components.
Note 1.
An example of a screwless terminal is shown in Figure 6.
Note 2.
The definition of screwless terminal covers push-in terminals which lock the conductor when a stripped conductor is inserted.
3.6.10
terminal termination
The connection between the switch inner guide and the outer wire.
3.6.11
Flat quick-connect terminal flat
quick-connect
termination
An electrical connector consisting of a male blade and a socket that can be plugged in and out with or without the use of tools.
[IEC
60050-442.1998, definition 442-06-07]
3.6.12
Insert tab
The part of the flat quick-connect terminal combined with the switch that is inserted into the socket.
Note.
Insert example see GB/T
17196-2017.
3.6.13
Socket female
connector
The part where the flat quick-connect end is pushed onto the blade.
Note.
See Figure 7 for an example of a socket.
3.6.14
Solder terminal solder
terminal
A conductive part of a switch that can be terminated by soldering.
3.7 Terms and definitions for insulation
3.7.1
basic insulation
insulation
Insulation used on live parts to provide basic protection against electric shock.
3.7.2
Additional insulation supplementary
Independent insulation added in addition to basic insulation in order to provide protection against electric shock in the event of basic insulation failure.
3.7.3
Double insulation double
insulation
Insulation consisting of both basic insulation and supplementary insulation.
3.7.4
Reinforced insulation reinforced
insulation
A single insulation system applied to live parts to provide a degree of protection against electric shock equivalent to double insulation.
Note.
The term "insulation system" does not imply that the insulation is a homogeneous piece which consists of several insulations which cannot be tested separately like supplementary or basic insulation.
Edge composition.
3.7.5
working insulation functional
insulation
Insulation between live parts required only for the intrinsic function of the switch.
3.7.6
Coating layer coating
A solid insulating material applied to one or both sides of a printed circuit board.
Note 1.
The coating layer can be a layer of dry varnish film on the printed circuit board, or it can be formed by thermal dissociation.
Note 2.
The coating forms an insulating structure with the base material of the printed circuit board, the performance of which is similar to that of solid insulation.
3.7.7
solid insulationsolid
insulation
Insulating material placed between two conductive parts.
Note.
For coated printed circuit board components, the solid insulation consists of the printed circuit board itself and the coating. In other cases, solid insulation
Consists of potting material.
3.7.8
Class 0 appliance class
appliance
Its protection against electric shock relies on appliances with basic insulation.
Note.
For a class 0 appliance, that is, it has no means for connecting accessible conductive parts, if any, to the protective (earth) conductor in the fixed wiring of the installation, in case
This basic insulation fails and relies on environmental conditions to prevent electric shock.
3.7.9
Class Ⅰ appliance class
appliance
Its protection against electric shock not only relies on basic insulation, but also includes some additional safety measures such as providing a protective earth terminal.
appliance.
Note.
For class I appliances, these additional safety measures allow the connection of conductive parts (non-live parts) to the protective (earth) conductor in the fixed wiring, so that these
It is also impossible for conductive parts to become live when the basic insulation fails.
3.7.10
Class Ⅱ appliance class
appliance
Appliances whose protection against electric shock relies not only on basic insulation but also by additional safety measures such as double insulation or reinforced insulation.
Note 1.
For Class II appliances, there is no protective earthing device or measures depending on the installation conditions.
Note 2.
Class II appliances may have a transition device to maintain the continuity of the protective circuit. Such devices are inside the appliance and connected to the accessible surface according to the requirements of Class II
insulation.
3.7.11
Class Ⅲ appliance class
appliance
An appliance that is powered by a safety extra-low voltage (SELV) and does not generate an internal voltage higher than the safety extra-low voltage to prevent electric shock.
3.7.12
Relative tracking index comparative
tracking
Under the specified test conditions, the maximum voltage (unit. volt) that the material can withstand without tracking and continuous flame
value.
[IEC
60050-212.
2010, Definition 212-11-59]
3.8 Terms and definitions related to pollution
3.8.1
pollution pollution
Any foreign solid, liquid, or gaseous impurity that would cause a reduction in the dielectric strength or surface resistivity of the insulation.
3.8.2
micro-environment
The immediate environment of the insulation that has a significant effect on the creepage distance dimensions.
Note.
Appendix C specifies the degree of pollution self-produced in the switch arc chamber.
3.8.3
Macro environment macro-environment
Indoor or switch other installation or use environment.
3.8.4
Pollution level polution
degree
A number used to characterize the expected degree of contamination of a microenvironment.
Note.
Use the 1, 2, 3 pollution levels specified in Appendix C (see 7.8, 7.9).
3.9 Terms and definitions related to the manufacturer's test
3.9.1
routine test routine
test
In order to determine compliance with the corresponding requirements of this section (see Appendix D), each individual appliance switch is subjected to during and/or after manufacture.
test.
3.9.2
Sampling test sampling
test
An experiment performed on a batch of randomly selected switches.
Note 1.
Sampling tests are specified in Appendix E.
Note 2.
Rewrite IEC
60050-811.1991, definition 811-10-06.
3.9.3
Type test type
test
A test of one or more switches for a design to show that the design meets certain requirements.
Note.
Rewrite IEC
60050-811.1991, definition 811-10-04.
4 general requirements
All kinds of switches shall be designed and manufactured so that they can work safely in normal use, even if the conditions specified in this part occur in normal use
Indiscreet use that may occur without endangering people or the surrounding environment.
All relevant tests are normally carried out to check compliance with the requirements.
5 General precautions for testing
5.1 Tests required by this clause
5.1.1 In general, the higher rated parameter test conditions of the switch can replace the lower rated parameter test conditions, see 5.2.
5.1.2 In all tests, the measuring instrument or measuring device shall not significantly affect the measured value.
5.1.3 If only one sample does not comply with Chapter 14, Chapter 15, Chapter 16 and Chapter 17 (GB/T
15092.101-2020 or
GB/T
15092.102-2020 Chapter 17) test requirements, repeat the failed item test with a new sample according to the required sequence
All retest samples of this sequence shall meet the test requirements.
5.1.4 Unless otherwise specified in this section, the sample is tested at an ambient temperature of (25 ± 10) °C in the delivery state.
5.1.5 The sample is installed according to the manufacturer's instructions. If there are more than one method described, and the installation method is critical, the most unfavorable installation method shall be adopted.
installation method.
5.1.6 For the tests in this section, the test equipment can be used to drive. The drive may be applied to the actuator or to the transmission, if manufactured
The manufacturer declares that the switch actuator is detachable, and the switch actuator is not required to be provided during the test.
5.1.7 Switches with non-detachable leads are tested with the leads connected.
5.1.8 If the switch has inserts, proceed to Chapter 16 (this Part) and Chapter 17 (GB/T
15092.101-2020 or
GB/T
15092.102-2020) new connecting terminal sleeves should be used during the test, and these connecting terminal sleeves should be compatible with the rated ambient temperature of the switch
Compatible, and if there is a crimped area of the wire, the crimped wire shall be soldered or welded to the crimped area of the terminal socket.
5.1.9 If parts with double insulation or reinforced insulation are required for a switch for class 0 or class I appliances, these parts shall be used for class II appliances.
The requirements specified for the switch of the appliance; similarly, if there are switching parts working at safety extra-low voltage, these parts are also tested according to the requirements for III
Inspection of requirements specified for switches of class appliances.
5.2 Electrical Precautions
5.2.1 When more than one rating is combined or characterized by the tests described below, the following provisions apply to all tests.
a) Dielectric strength test
(Chapter 15 and
TE3) Select the highest rated voltage for the test;
b) Fever/temperature rise test
(Chapter 16 and
TE2) Select the highest rated current for the test.
5.2.2 According to the following conditions, a representative durability test is allowed for switches of the same classified load type (see 7.2).
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