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QC/T 1230-2025: Wheel side drive axle of electric bus
---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/QCT1230-2025
QC
AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY STANDARD
ICS 43.040.50
CCS T 21
Wheel side drive axle of electric bus
Issued on: MAY 09, 2025
Implemented on: NOVEMBER 01, 2025
Issued by. Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's
Republic of China
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 4
2 Normative references... 4
3 Terms and definitions... 5
4 Technical requirements... 5
4.1 General requirements... 5
4.2 Performance requirements... 6
5 Test methods... 8
5.1 Test preparation... 8
5.2 Break-in period... 9
5.3 Performance test... 10
6 Inspection rules... 25
6.1 Inspection classification... 25
6.2 Exit-factory inspection... 25
6.3 Type inspection... 26
7 Marks, packaging, transportation and storage... 27
7.1 Marks... 27
7.2 Packaging... 27
7.3 Transportation... 27
7.4 Storage... 27
Annex A (informative) Test grouping of type inspection items... 28
Wheel side drive axle of electric bus
1 Scope
This document specifies the technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules,
marks, packaging, transportation and storage for wheel side drive axle of electric bus.
This document applies to wheel side drive axle of M3 electric bus. Other vehicles may
refer to this document for implementation.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 191, Graphical symbols marking for handling and storage of packages
GB/T 4208-2017, Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code)
GB/T 10125, Corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres -- Salt spray tests
GB/T 13306, Plates
GB/T 15089, Classification of power-driven vehicles and trailers
GB/T 18386.2, Test methods for energy consumption and range of electric vehicles
-- Part 2.Heavy-duty commercial vehicles
GB/T 18488, Drive motor system for electric vehicles
GB/T 19596, Terminology of electric vehicles
GB/T 38146.2, China automotive test cycle -- Part 2.Heavy-duty commercial
vehicles
JT/T 1359-2020, Technical requirements for passenger car air suspension
QC/T 533, Commercial Vehicle Drive Axles Assembly
QC/T 983, Measuring method of cleanliness of automobile transmission assembly
QC/T 1022, Technical specification for reduction gearbox of battery electric
passenger cars
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions defined in GB/T 15089,
GB/T 18488, GB/T 19596, QC/T 533 and QC/T 1022 as well as the followings apply.
3.1 wheel side drive axle
A drive unit consisting of a drive motor and a reducer is integrated on the wheel rim.
The drive motor is located outside the wheel hub. The drive units on both sides are
connected to the vehicle body through a rigid support axle or independent suspension
to transmit power to the wheels.
3.1.1 integral wheel side drive axle
A wheel side drive axle of which the two drive units are connected by a rigid support
bridge.
3.1.2 disconnected wheel side drive axle
A wheel side drive axle of which the two drive units are connected to the vehicle body
via independent suspension.
3.2 wheel side reducer assembly
A device located at both ends of the wheel side drive axle, connected to the motor output
end, to reduce speed and increase torque.
4 Technical requirements
4.1 General requirements
4.1.1 The outer surface of the wheel side drive axle shall be clean, free from rust and
oxidation, and free from defects such as cracks and burrs that affect performance and
appearance.
4.1.2 There shall be no oil leakage at any mating surfaces, oil seals, bolt holes, etc. of
the wheel side drive axle.
4.1.3 All electrical components, connecting wires and connectors on the wheel side
drive axle shall be securely fixed and well protected.
4.1.4 The wheel side drive axle shall rotate freely without any abnormal noises (such
as friction between the stator and rotor, periodic abnormal noises, abnormal noises after
damage to gear bearings, etc.) or jamming.
4.1.5 The wheel side drive axle shall function normally under the following conditions.
a) Operating temperature. -40℃~55℃;
b) Operating humidity. 5%~95%.
4.2 Performance requirements
4.2.1 Bridge performance
4.2.1.1 Vertical bending stiffness
The test shall be conducted according to the method specified in 5.3.1.The maximum
deformation per meter of wheel track of the integral wheel side drive axle shall not
exceed 1.4 mm.
4.2.1.2 Vertical bending static strength
The test shall be conducted according to the method specified in 5.3.2.The reserve
factor for the vertical bending static strength of the integral wheel side drive axle shall
be greater than 6.
4.2.1.3 Bridge fatigue
The test shall be conducted according to the method specified in 5.3.3.The fatigue life
shall meet the following requirements.
a) Integral wheel side drive axle.
1) Vertical bending fatigue life shall not be less than 8 × 10⁵ cycles;
2) Braking fatigue life shall not be less than 8.8 × 10⁴ cycles;
3) Transverse bending fatigue life shall not be less than 2 × 10⁵ cycles.
b) Disconnected wheel side drive axle
1) The fatigue life of the bridge body shall not be less than 8×10⁵ cycles;
2) The suspension system shall meet the requirements of 5.7 in JT/T 1359-2020.
4.2.2 Static torsional strength
The test shall be conducted according to the method specified in 5.3.4.The static
torsional strength reserve factor shall not be less than 3.
4.2.3 Air tightness
The test shall be conducted according to the method specified in 5.3.5.The change in
gas pressure shall not exceed 20 Pa.
4.2.4 Dynamic sealing
The test shall be conducted according to the method specified in 5.3.6.There shall be
no oil leakage at any mating surfaces, oil seals, bolt holes, etc.
4.2.5 High-speed performance
The test shall be conducted according to the method specified in 5.3.7.There shall be
no oil leakage during or after the test. Furthermore, bearings, gears, oil seals, and other
parts shall not show signs of burning or damage that would affect the normal operation
of the wheel side drive axle.
4.2.6 Overspeed performance
The test shall be conducted according to the method specified in 5.3.8.There shall be
no oil leakage or abnormal noise during or after the test. Furthermore, bearings, gears,
oil seals, and other parts shall not show signs of burning or damage that would affect
the normal operation of the wheel side drive axle.
4.2.7 Temperature rise performance
The test shall be conducted according to the method specified in 5.3.9.The oil
temperature shall be stable at a certain temperature for more than 30 min. It shall not
exceed the maximum allowable temperature. The temperature-time curve shall be
smooth without abrupt changes.
4.2.8 Transmission fatigue life of wheel side reducer assembly
The test shall be conducted in accordance with the method specified in 5.3.10.After the
test, the main components shall not be damaged, such as fracture, severe pitting on the
tooth surface (pitting area exceeding 4 mm2 or depth exceeding 0.5 mm), peeling,
bearing jamming, abnormal noise, etc.
4.2.9 Cleanliness
The test shall be conducted according to the method specified in 5.3.11.The cleanliness
of the drive axle shall be tested without disassembly. The ratio of the total amount of
impurities in the lubricating oil to the rated amount of lubricating oil shall not exceed
50 mg/L.
4.2.10 Efficiency
The test shall be conducted according to the method specified in 5.3.12.The maximum
efficiency of the wheel side drive axle shall not be less than 92%. The operating
efficiency shall not be less than 85%.
4.2.11 Noise
Conduct the test according to the method specified in 5.3.13.The noise level shall not
exceed 85 dB(A).
4.2.12 Protective performance
The test shall be conducted according to the method specified in 5.3.14.The wheel side
drive axle shall meet the IPX7 requirement specified in GB/T 4208-2017.
4.2.13 Salt spray resistance
The test shall be conducted according to the method specified in 5.3.15.The salt spray
test time shall not be less than 240 h. No red rust shall form on the product after the test.
4.2.14 Drive motor performance
4.2.14.1 The mechanical impact test requirements for the drive motor shall be
conducted according to the method specified in 5.3.16.After the test, the drive motor
components shall be undamaged. Fasteners shall be secure. The motor insulation
resistance and withstand voltage shall meet the requirements of GB/T 18488.
4.2.14.2 Except for mechanical shock requirements, the performance of the drive motor
shall meet the requirements of GB/T 18488.
4.2.14.3 Conduct the test according to the method specified in 5.3.14.The drive motor
shall meet the IP68 rating requirements specified in GB/T 4208-2017.
5 Test methods
5.1 Test preparation
5.1.1 Accuracy requirements for testing instruments
The accuracy class or maximum permissible error of the testing instruments shall not
be lower than the requirements in Table 1.For instruments measuring electrical
parameters, they shall be able to meet the corresponding DC and AC parameter
measurement accuracy and waveform requirements.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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