GB/T 9438-2013 PDF English
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| GB/T 9438-2013 | English | 185 |
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Aluminum alloy castings
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| GB/T 9438-1999 | English | 359 |
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Aluminium alloy castings
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| GB/T 9438-1988 | English | RFQ |
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Aluminium alloy castings--Technical specification
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GB/T 9438-2013: Aluminum alloy castings---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT9438-2013
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 77.120.10
J 31
Replacing GB/T 9438-1999
Aluminum Alloy Castings
ISSUED ON: SEPTEMBER 18, 2013
IMPLEMENTED ON: JUNE 1, 2014
Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative References ... 4
3 Classification of Castings ... 4
4 Technical Requirements ... 5
5 Test Methods ... 11
6 Inspection Rules ... 12
7 Marking, Packaging, Transportation and Storage ... 16
Aluminum Alloy Castings
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the classification, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules,
as well as marking, packaging, transportation and storage of aluminum alloy castings.
This Standard is applicable to aluminum alloy castings produced through sand casting and
special casting (excluding die casting).
2 Normative References
The following documents are indispensable to the application of this document. In terms of
references with a specified date, only versions with a specified date are applicable to this
document. In terms of references without a specified date, the latest version (including all the
modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 228.1 Metallic Materials - Tensile Testing - Part 1: Method of Test at Room Temperature
GB/T 231.1 Metallic Materials - Brinell Hardness Test - Part 1: Test Method
GB/T 1173 Casting Aluminum Alloy
GB/T 6414 Castings - System of Dimensional Tolerances and Machining Allowances
GB/T 7999 Optical Emission Spectrometric Analysis Method of Aluminum and Aluminum
Alloys
GB/T 11351 Mass Tolerances for Castings
GB/T 15056 Evaluation Method on Cast Surface Roughness
GB/T 20975 (all parts) Methods for Chemical Analysis of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys
HB 6578 Reference Radiographic Film for Aluminum Magnesium Alloy Castings Examination
(negative film unavailable)
HB/Z 61 Penetrant Inspection
JB/T 7946.3 Cast Aluminum Alloys - Pinhole
3 Classification of Castings
The classification of castings is shown in Table 1.
lower than the provisions of GB/T 1173.
4.3.3 When there are other requirements for the mechanical properties of castings, the technical
requirements and inspection methods shall be stipulated in the drawings or technical
agreements after negotiation between the supply-side and the demand-side.
4.4 Geometrical Shapes, Dimensions and Weight Tolerances
4.4.1 The geometrical shapes and dimensions of the castings shall comply with the requirements
of the drawings, and the dimensional tolerances of the castings shall comply with the provisions
of GB/T 6414.
4.4.2 The weight of the castings shall comply with the requirements of the drawings or technical
agreements, and the weight tolerances of the castings shall comply with the provisions of GB/T
11351.
4.5 Surface Quality
4.5.1 The surface roughness of the castings shall comply with the requirements of the drawings
or technical agreements.
4.5.2 The castings shall be clean and free of burrs and trimmings. The pouring and casting heads
on the non-machined surface shall be cleaned to be flush with the surface of the castings. The
remaining amount of the pouring and casting heads on the surface to be machined shall be
within the margin range specified in the drawings. If there is no special provision, it shall
generally not be 5 mm higher than the surface of the castings, but it shall not affect the
radiographic inspection.
4.5.3 No cold shuts, cracks, shrinkage cavities, penetrating defects and serious defects (such as:
insufficient pouring and mechanical damage, etc.) are not allowed on the surface of the castings.
4.5.4 Any defects that can be removed by machining are allowed on the surface of the castings
to be machined.
4.5.5 The area on the castings used as a machining reference shall be flat.
4.5.6 Unless otherwise specified, on the non-machined surface of metal castings, traces, such
as: mold parting, misaligned boxes, ejector pins and exhaust plugs, are allowed, but the
protrusions shall not exceed the surface by 1 mm, or the recesses shall not be 0.5 mm lower
than the surface.
4.5.7 The non-machined surface and machined surface of sand mold and metal mold castings
are generally allowed to have:
a) Single holes
On the non-machined surface, the maximum diameter of single holes shall be not greater
than 3 mm, and the depth shall not exceed 1/3 of the wall thickness. On the installation
4.7.7 The castings shall be repaired by welding in the as-cast state. The castings that require
welding repair after heat treatment shall be heat treated in their original state after welding
repair. Castings after heat treatment shall be re-inspected for mechanical properties of single
cast or attached cast specimens. When the area of the argon arc welding zone is less than 2 cm2,
the distance between welding zones shall be not less than 100 mm. With the consent of the
demand-side, heat treatment may not be performed after welding repairs, but there shall be no
more than 5 spots on the same casting. ZL301 and ZL305 alloy castings must be heat treated in
their original state after welding repair.
4.7.8 The welding repair of the castings shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions
of the welding repair process. There must be no defects, such as: cracks, incomplete penetration
or incomplete fusion in the welding repair area. After welding repairs, Category-I and Category-
II castings must be inspected by X-ray photography (or other methods). The inspection area
shall be not less than twice the welding repair area. The internal quality of the welding repair
area shall comply with the provisions of 4.6.1.
4.7.9 All castings that have been repaired by welding shall be marked on the spot of the welding
repair or marked on the schematic diagram in the relevant technical documents for inspection.
4.7.10 Castings are allowed to be repaired by other methods agreed between the supply-side
and the demand-side, such as: infiltration, bonding and hot isostatic pressing, etc.
5 Test Methods
5.1 Chemical Composition
The inspection method for the chemical composition of the castings shall comply with the
provisions of GB/T 20975 (all parts) or GB/T 7999. Under the condition that the accuracy of
analysis is guaranteed, other test methods are also allowed to be used. When there is a dispute
over the analysis results, arbitration shall be conducted in accordance with GB/T 20975 (all
parts).
5.2 Mechanical Properties
5.2.1 The tensile test shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 228.1.
5.2.2 The hardness test shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 231.1.
5.3 Surface Quality
5.3.1 Inspect the appearance quality visually or with appropriate measurement tools,
instruments or test methods.
5.3.2 The roughness rating of the non-machined surface of the castings shall be carried out in
accordance with the provisions of GB/T 15056.
5.3.3 The pinhole rating of the machined surface of the castings shall be carried out in
The surface quality of the castings shall be inspected piece by piece.
6.3.5 Internal quality
6.3.5.1 Category-I and Category-II castings shall be subject to X-ray photography inspection in
accordance with the provisions of the drawings and relevant technical documents. The
inspection parts and proportions shall be agreed upon by the supply-side and the demand-side.
The inspection quantity shall be calculated in accordance with the number of castings poured
in each smelting heat.
6.3.5.2 For blind spots that are difficult to perform X-ray photography inspection, sampling and
anatomy inspection shall be agreed upon by the supply-side and the demand-side.
6.4 Determination and Re-inspection
6.4.1 Chemical composition
When the chemical composition of the alloy is disqualified in the first submission for inspection
and analysis, re-sampling and analysis of the disqualified elements are allowed. If it still fails
in the second analysis, then, the alloy in that smelting heat shall be determined as disqualified
in chemical composition.
6.4.2 Mechanical properties
6.4.2.1 The inspection of mechanical properties of single cast specimens shall be carried out in
accordance with the provisions of GB/T 1173. If the single cast specimens are disqualified in
mechanical properties, and the attached cast specimens or bulk specimens are qualified in
mechanical properties, then, the castings shall be determined as qualified in mechanical
properties.
6.4.2.2 If castings in the same heat treatment state in one smelting heat are heat treated in
different heat treatment heats, and the specimens in this smelting heat have been inspected and
passed in one heat treatment heat, then, the castings from this smelting heat in another heat
treatment heat may be delivered as qualified specimens from any smelting heat in the same heat
treatment heat.
6.4.2.3 When the sampled bulk specimens of the castings are disqualified in mechanical
properties, the sampling size may be doubled to perform a sampling inspection and perform re-
sampling to inspect the mechanical properties. If the results of the doubled sampling size in
sampling inspection are all qualified, then, the furnace (batch) of castings shall be determined
as qualified in mechanical properties, otherwise, they shall be determined as disqualified. When
the doubled sampling size for sampling inspection is still disqualified, sampling inspection after
re-heat treatment is allowed, but heat treatment is only allowed to be repeated twice.
6.4.2.4 When the specimens have casting defects or the inspection result is disqualified due to
fault of the test itself, it will not be counted in the number of inspections, but the specimens
need to be replaced and re-submitted for inspection.
6.4.2.5 For castings are delivered in the as-cast state, when they are disqualified in mechanical
properties, appropriate heat treatment is allowed on the castings, and the mechanical properties
shall still be subject to acceptance inspection in accordance with the as-cast indicators.
6.4.2.6 When there are hardness requirements, follow the provisions of GB/T 1173. If they are
disqualified in hardness, after repeating the heat treatment, carry out a re-inspection. If they are
still disqualified after the third heat treatment, then, the castings shall be determined as
disqualified.
6.4.2.7 When heat treatment is repeated due to disqualified hardness, in addition to the hardness
inspection, the mechanical properties of single cast, attached cast or bulk specimens shall also
be inspected in accordance with the original requirements.
6.4.3 Geometrical shapes, dimensions and weight tolerances of castings
If the geometrical shapes, dimensions and weights of the castings do not comply with the
requirements of 4.4 in the inspection, then, the castings shall be determined as disqualified.
6.4.4 Surface quality
If the surface quality of the castings does not comply with the requirements of 4.5 in the
inspection, then, the castings shall be determined as disqualified.
6.4.5 Internal quality
6.4.5.1 If the internal quality of the castings does not comply with the requirements of 4.6 in
the inspection, then, the castings shall be determined as disqualified.
6.4.5.2 If the sampling inspection with X-ray photography is disqualified, a double size of
specimens or castings shall be taken. If they are still disqualified, all castings shall be inspected
one by one.
7 Marking, Packaging, Transportation and Storage
7.1 Marking
7.1.1 The castings shall be marked with the alloy code and melting furnace No. etc. in the
designated parts of the drawings. The markings shall be clearly visible and traceable.
7.1.2 The castings shall be accompanied by a quality certificate, indicating:
a) Supply-side’s name;
b) No. and title of the Standard;
c) Casting name and alloy designation (code);
d) Analysis results of chemical composition, inspection results of mechanical properties
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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