GB/T 9437-2009 PDF in English
GB/T 9437-2009 (GB/T9437-2009, GBT 9437-2009, GBT9437-2009)
| Standard ID | Contents [version] | USD | STEP2 | [PDF] delivered in | Name of Chinese Standard | Status |
| GB/T 9437-2009 | English | 310 |
Add to Cart
|
0-9 seconds. Auto-delivery.
|
Heat resistant iron castings
| Valid |
| GB/T 9437-1988 | English | 559 |
Add to Cart
|
4 days
|
Heat resistant iron castings
| Obsolete |
Standards related to (historical): GB/T 9437-2009
PDF Preview
GB/T 9437-2009: PDF in English (GBT 9437-2009) GB/T 9437-2009
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 77.140.80
J 31
Replacing GB/T 9437-1988
Heat resistant iron castings
ISSUED ON: APRIL 01, 2009
IMPLEMENTED ON: DECEMBER 01, 2009
Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of the People's Republic of China;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative references ... 4
3 Technical requirements ... 6
4 Test methods ... 8
5 Acceptance rules ... 11
6 Marks and quality certificates ... 14
7 Rust prevention, packaging and storage ... 14
8 Requirements of environmental protection, safety and laws and regulations ... 14
Annex A (informative) High temperature short time tensile strength of heat resistant
cast iron ... 16
Annex B (informative) Conditions of use and application examples of heat resistant cast
iron ... 17
Annex C (informative) U-type single casting test block ... 19
Annex D (informative) Test method for resistance to growth of heat resistant cast iron
... 21
Annex E (informative) Test method for anti-oxidation of heat resistant cast iron ... 24
Annex F (informative) Test method for thermal expansion coefficient ... 27
Heat resistant iron castings
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules,
marks and quality certificates, anti-rust, packaging and storage requirements for heat
resistant iron castings.
This Standard is applicable to heat resistant iron castings cast in sand molds or molds
with similar thermal conductivity to sand molds and working at temperatures below
1100°C.
2 Normative references
The provisions in following documents become the provisions of this Standard through
reference in this Standard. For dated references, the subsequent amendments (excluding
corrigendum) or revisions do not apply to this Standard, however, parties who reach an
agreement based on this Standard are encouraged to study if the latest versions of these
documents are applicable. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document applies.
GB/T 223.3, Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The diantipyryl
methane phosphomolybdate gravimetric method for the determination of
phosphorus content
GB/T 223.8, Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The sodium
fluoride separation - EDTA titration method for the determination of aluminum
content
GB/T 223.11, Iron, steel and alloy - Determination of chromium content - Visual
titration or potentiometric titration method
GB/T 223.12, Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The sodium
carbonate separation-diphenyl carbazide photometric method for the determination
of chromium content
GB/T 223.26, Iron, steel and alloy - Determination of molybdenum content - The
thiocyanate spectrophotometric method
GB/T 223.28, Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The α-benzoin
oxime gravimetric method for the determination of molybdenum content
GB/T 223.58, Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The sodium
arsenate-sodium nitrite titrimetric method for the determination of manganese
content
GB/T 223.59, Iron, steel and alloy - Determination of phosphorus content - Bismuth
phosphomolybdate blue spectrophotometric method and antimony
phosphomolybdate blue spectrophotometric method
GB/T 223.60, Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The perchloric
acid dehydration gravimetric method for the determination of silicon content
GB/T 223.61, Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The
ammonium phosphomolybdate volumetric method for the determination of
phosphorus content
GB/T 223.64, Iron, steel and alloy - Determination of manganese content - Flame
atomic absorption spectrometric method
GB/T 223.68, Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The potassium
iodate titration method after combustion in the pipe furnace for the determination of
sulfur content
GB/T 223.69, Iron, steel and alloy - Determination of carbon contents - Gas-
volumetric method after combustion in the pipe furnace
GB/T 228, Metallic materials - Tensile testing
GB/T 231.1, Metallic materials - Brinell hardness test - Part 1: Test method
GB/T 4338, Metallic materials - Tensile testing at elevated temperature
GB/T 5612, Code for representing cast iron
GB/T 5677, Castings - Radiographic testing
GB/T 5678, Sampling methods of spectrochemical analysis for cast alloys
GB/T 6060.1, Surface roughness comparison specimen - Part 1: Casting surface
GB/T 6414, Castings - Dimensional tolerances and geometrical tolerances and
machining allowances
GB/T 7216, Metallographic test for gray cast iron
GB/T 7233, Methods for ultrasonic testing and for specifying quality levels of steel
castings
GB/T 9441, Metallographic test method for spheroidal graphite cast iron
GB/T 9444, Steel and iron castings - Magnetic particle inspection
3.3 Surface quality
3.3.1 The surface roughness of castings shall meet the requirements of GB/T 6060.1.
The standard level is agreed upon by the supplier and the purchaser.
3.3.2 Castings shall be cleaned. Trim the excessive part. Remove the residue of the
pouring riser, the core bone, the sticky sand and the residue of the inner cavity. The
allowable riser residue, drape, flying spur residue, inner cavity cleanliness of the casting
shall comply with the purchaser's drawing, technical requirements or order agreement
between the supplier and the purchaser.
3.3.3 The shape, quantity, size and position of the allowable defects on the casting,
whether they can be repaired, and the method of repairing shall be agreed upon by the
supplier and the purchaser.
3.4 Mechanical properties
The mechanical properties of castings at room temperature shall meet the requirements
in Table 2. See Annex A for short-time high temperature tensile properties.
3.5 Heat treatment
Silicon-based and aluminum-based heat resistant ductile iron castings shall generally
undergo heat treatment to eliminate residual stress. However, when the silicon-
molybdenum heat resistant ductile iron castings have a pearlite content of less than 15%,
heat treatment is not required. For other designations, if required by the purchaser, the
heat treatment for eliminating residual stress shall be carried out according to the order
conditions.
See Annex B for the service conditions of heat resistant cast iron.
3.6 Metallographic structure
For the metallographic structure of heat resistant cast iron, refer to the provisions of
GB/T 9441 and GB/T 7216. The specific requirements shall be negotiated by both
parties. For silicon-based heat resistant cast iron, the matrix structure shall be mainly
ferrite.
3.7 Anti-oxidation, anti-growth properties and thermal expansion coefficient
At the service temperature, the average oxidation weight gain rate of heat resistant cast
iron is not greater than 0.5g/m2·h; the growth rate is not greater than 0.2%.
The anti-oxidation and anti-growth properties and thermal expansion coefficient of heat
resistant cast iron are not used as the basis for acceptance.
4.2.1 The room temperature mechanical property test of HTRCr, HTRCr2, HTRSi5 and
other designations, including the preparation of specimens, shall be carried out in
accordance with the provisions of GB/T 228.
4.2.2 The mechanical property tests at room temperature of each designation of heat
resistant ductile iron and HTRCr16 shall be carried out in accordance with the
provisions of GB/T 228.
4.2.3 The hardness determination of heat resistant cast iron shall be carried out in
accordance with the provisions of GB/T 231.1.
4.2.4 The determination of short-time high-temperature tensile strength of heat resistant
cast iron shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 4338.
4.3 Test blocks, specimens
4.3.1 The shape and size of the Y-shaped single-cast test block used in the tensile test
of QTRSi4, QTRSi5, QTRSi4Mo, QTRSi4Mo1, QTRAl4Si4, and QTRAl5Si5 are
shown in Figure 1 and Table 3 (the hatched line in Figure 1 is the position where the
specimen is cut). Generally, choose type II. The test blocks in Annex C can also be used.
The shape and size of single-cast easy-cut test blocks used by QTRA122 and HTRCr16
are shown in Figure 2.
4.3.2 Figure 3 and Table 4 show the shapes and dimensions of the tensile specimens
used for each heat resistant ductile iron designation and HTRCr16 designation.
4.3.3 The test block shall be poured with molten iron in the same package as the casting
and poured at the end. Its cooling method is as consistent as possible with the casting.
4.3.4 The boxing temperature of the test block shall not be higher than 500°C.
4.3.5 It is allowed to take specimens from the attached casting test block or directly on
the casting. The acceptance value shall be agreed upon by the supplier and the purchaser.
4.4 Anti-oxidation and anti-growth test
Anti-oxidation and anti-growth tests of heat resistant cast iron shall be carried out in
accordance with the provisions of Annex D and Annex E.
4.5 Thermal expansion coefficient test
Refer to Annex F for the test method of thermal expansion coefficient.
alone.
5.1.4 During a certain time interval, if there is a change in charge, process conditions
or required chemical composition, all castings poured from continuously molten iron
during this period, no matter how short the time interval is, are taken as a sampling
batch.
5.1.5 When continuously melting a large amount of molten iron of the same designation,
the maximum weight of each sampling batch shall not exceed the weight of castings
poured within 2h.
5.1.6 When the weight of molten iron is less than 2000kg, the castings poured from this
batch of molten iron can be regarded as a sampling batch.
5.1.7 Upon negotiation between the supplier and the purchaser, several batches of
castings can also be combined into a group for acceptance.
In this case, there shall be other quality control methods in the production process, such
as rapid chemical composition analysis, metallographic inspection, non-destructive
testing, fracture inspection. It is indeed proved that each spheroidization treatment is
stable and meets the process requirements.
NOTE: Heat-treated castings shall be tested in the same sampling batch, unless the castings in the
batch are significantly different in structure. In this case, these structurally distinct castings
constitute a sampling batch.
5.2 Sampling for chemical composition
Each sampling batch shall be analyzed once for chemical composition. The analysis
results shall meet the requirements in Table 1. If the chemical composition is
unqualified, it is allowed to re-analyze with double the number of specimens. The
specimens are considered accepted only when they are all qualified.
5.3 Sampling for casting size
The first batch of castings and important castings shall be checked on each piece for
size, geometry and surface roughness. General castings can be spot-checked. The
method of spot check shall be agreed upon by the supplier and the purchaser.
5.4 Appearance quality sampling inspection
The appearance quality of casting shall be visually inspected piece by piece.
5.5 Sampling inspection of mechanical properties, metallographic structure, anti-
oxidation and anti-growth properties
The room temperature mechanical properties of heat resistant ductile iron shall be
checked by batch. The mechanical properties at room temperature of the rest of the heat
resistant cast iron and the metallographic structure, anti-oxidation, and anti-growth of
all designations are tested according to the order conditions.
The mechanical properties at room temperature are based on the tensile strength. If the
ordering conditions require testing hardness, it shall meet the requirements of Table 2.
To ensure that the castings and test bars have the same heat or package number, the heat
or package number shall be clearly marked on the non-important surface of the
specimen and casting.
5.6 Evaluation of mechanical performance test results
When testing the tensile strength, if the test result of the first tensile sample fails to meet
the requirements, and it is not caused by the reasons listed in 5.7, then two other
specimens from the same batch can be taken for reinspection.
If the reinspection results meet the requirements, the material of this batch of castings
is still accepted. If one of the reinspection results still fails to meet the requirements,
the batch of castings is initially judged to be rejected in material. At this time, one piece
of castings can be randomly selected from the batch, and the body specimen can be cut
from the position agreed by both the supplier and the purchaser for mechanical
performance testing. If the testing results meet the requirements, it can still be judged
that the material of this batch of castings is accepted. If the test result of the body
specimen still fails to meet the requirements, the material of this batch of castings will
be finally judged as rejected.
5.7 Validity of test
If the test result does not meet the requirements due to one of the following reasons
rather than the quality of the casting itself, the test shall be invalid.
a) Improper clamping of the specimen on the testing machine or improper operation
of the testing machine.
b) Casting defects on the surface of the specimen or improper cutting and processing
of the specimen (such as specimen size, transition fillet, roughness does not meet
the requirements).
c) Tensile specimen break outside the gauge length.
d) Obvious casting defects on the fracture surface of tensile specimen.
In the above cases, a new specimen shall be made on the same test block, or the
specimen shall be re-processed from the same batch of poured test block for
reinspection. The results of the reinspection replace the results of the invalid test.
5.8 Heat treatment of test blocks and castings
Annex D
(informative)
Test method for resistance to growth of heat resistant cast iron
This method is suitable for determining the anti-growth of various heat resistant cast
irons in high-temperature air medium.
D.1 Basic requirements for test equipment and conditions for resistance to growth
D.1.1 The anti-growth test furnace shall meet the following requirements:
a) There is an automatic temperature adjustment device. Its accuracy is ±5℃;
b) The temperature difference of each point in the specimen distribution area in the
furnace shall not exceed ±5°C;
c) Keep an adequate oxidizing atmosphere in the furnace.
D.1.2 There is enough space between the specimens placed in the furnace, so as to
ensure good contact between the air in the furnace and the surface of the specimens.
D.1.3 After the specimen is loaded into the furnace, the time for the furnace to reach
the specified temperature is regarded as the start of the test. When the specified test
period expires, the time when the furnace stops working (or the specimen is taken out)
is regarded as the end of the test.
D.2 Specimen shape, measurement accessories and test preparation
D.2.1 For the anti-growth test, cylindrical specimens shall be used (Figure D.1). The
specimen size shall be: diameter of 20mm ~ 25mm; length of 100mm ~ 150mm.
D.2.2 The surface roughness of the specimen shall be less than 12.5μm. Both ends shall
remain parallel.
D.2.3 Two measuring screws can be installed at both ends of the specimen. Its
dimensions can refer to Figure D. 2 (if the measuring screw is not used, the end surface
of the specimen can be chrome-plated or nickel-plated; there is no need to drill screw
holes at both ends of the specimen at this time).
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
|