GB/T 42315-2023 PDF English
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Code of maintenance for electrochemical energy storage station
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GB/T 42315-2023: PDF in English (GBT 42315-2023) GB/T 42315-2023
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 27.180
CCS F 19
Code of maintenance for electrochemical energy storage
station
ISSUED ON: MARCH 17, 2023
IMPLEMENTED ON: OCTOBER 01, 2023
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative references ... 4
3 Terms and definitions ... 6
4 General requirements ... 6
5 Maintenance of battery arrays ... 7
6 Maintenance of power conversion system ... 18
7 Maintenance of monitoring and control system ... 21
8 Maintenance of auxiliary facilities ... 22
Code of maintenance for electrochemical energy storage
station
1 Scope
This document specifies the items, methods and quality requirements for battery arrays,
power conversion systems, monitoring and control systems and auxiliary facilities of
the electrochemical energy storage station.
This document is applicable to electrochemical energy storage stations – with a power
of 500 kW and an energy of 500 kW·h and above – that use lithium ion batteries, lead-
carbon batteries, flow batteries, and fuel cells as energy storage carriers. It also applies
as a reference to other electrochemical energy storage stations.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of
their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the
version corresponding to that date is applicable to this document; for undated references,
the latest version (including all amendments) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 1094.6, Power transformers - Part 6: Reactors
GB/T 1094.11, Power transformers - Part 11: Dry-type transformers
GB 4962, Technical safety regulation for gaseous hydrogen use
GB/T 12706 (all parts), Power cables with extruded insulation and their accessories
for rated voltages from 1 kV (Um = 1.2 kV) up to 35 kV (Um = 40.5 kV)
GB/T 17702, Capacitors for power electronics
GB/T 20840.2, Instrument transformers - Part 2: Additional requirements for current
transformers
GB/T 20840.3, Instrument transformers - Part 3: Additional requirements for
inductive voltage transformers
GB/T 24499, Technology glossary for gaseous hydrogen, hydrogen energy and
hydrogen energy system
GB 32311, Minimum allowable values of energy efficiency and energy efficiency
grades for hydrogen producing systems by water electrolysis
3 Terms and definitions
Terms and definitions determined by DL/T 2528 and GB/T 24499 are applicable to this
document.
4 General requirements
4.1 Before the maintenance of the electrochemical energy storage station, a
maintenance schedule shall be formulated; also, a maintenance plan and an emergency
plan shall be compiled.
4.2 The maintenance of the electrochemical energy storage station includes scheduled
maintenance and troubleshooting; also, a condition-based maintenance should be
carried out according to the operation of the equipment. The cycle of scheduled
maintenance – which should be 1 year – can be adjusted according to the assessment
results. The condition-based maintenance should be determined according to the
comprehensive assessment results of equipment operating status, fault location, fault
type and severity based on operating data.
4.3 The maintenance operation shall be carried out in the aspects of appearance
inspection, inspection test, repair, post-repair test, etc. in combining with equipment
status. An overall performance test of the energy storage system shall be carried out
after the replacement of main components such as battery arrays, power conversion
systems, and monitoring and control systems.
4.4 The maintenance of primary equipment such as voltage transformers, switches,
surge arresters, and transformers shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions
of DL/T 573, DL/T 727, DL/T 1686, DL/T 1689, DL/T 1700, and DL/T 1702; the
maintenance of secondary equipment such as AC-DC system for station, relay
protection and automation, and metering shall be carried out in accordance with the
regulations of DL/T 724, DL/T 995, and DL/T 1664.
4.5 Maintenance personnel shall be trained regularly to be familiar with the design
requirements, running conditions and equipment technical requirements of the power
station, and to master the maintenance skills and quality requirements of the power
station equipment.
4.6 Maintenance tools and appliances shall be inspected and calibrated regularly, and
used within the inspection and calibration date.
4.7 Maintenance personnel shall prepare spare parts in advance according to the
maintenance schedule and order cycle time.
4.8 The maintenance safety of the electrochemical energy storage station shall meet the
requirements of GB/T 42288.
4.9 The electrochemical energy storage station shall formulate environmental
protection measures during the maintenance process. Waste batteries and electrolytes
shall be recycled.
4.10 After the maintenance is completed, a maintenance assessment of the energy
storage station shall be carried out, and a maintenance report shall be compiled.
5 Maintenance of battery arrays
5.1 General provisions
5.1.1 Before the maintenance of battery arrays, the primary circuit AC/DC circuit
breaker and isolating switch shall be disconnected, a grounding wire shall be installed
on the AC side of the power conversion system, and a safety warning sign shall be hung.
5.1.2 During battery maintenance, the positive and negative poles of battery cells,
battery modules, battery clusters, and stacks shall not be short-circuited or reversed.
5.1.3 After the maintenance of lithium ion batteries, lead-carbon batteries, flow batteries
and fuel cell arrays, the total voltage balance among battery clusters of the same battery
array should be adjusted. The total voltage range between lithium ion battery and lead-
carbon battery clusters shall not be greater than 2% of the average value; the total
voltage range between flow battery clusters shall not be greater than 4% of the average
value; the total voltage range between fuel cell clusters shall not be greater than 5% of
the rated value.
5.2 Maintenance of lithium ion battery arrays
5.2.1 Appearance inspection
5.2.1.1 Check the appearance of the battery module, including deformation, cracking,
leakage, corrosion and tightness of electrical connections.
5.2.1.2 Check the deformation, damage, corrosion of the battery bracket and the
tightness of connection of the grounding wire.
5.2.1.3 Check the air-cooling system of the battery array, including fan rotation and
abnormal noise.
5.2.1.4 Check the liquid cooling system of the battery array, including liquid cooling
system liquid level, temperature, circulating pump rotation, flow rate, abnormal noise,
liquid cooling system circulating pump, pipes, valves, flange connection circuit leakage,
damage, cracking and valve switch.
5.2.1.5 Check the connection tightness of power lines and communication lines of the
battery management system, as well as the working voltage of the battery management
system, and the display of the work indicating lamp.
5.2.3.5 Before replacing battery cells and modules, new battery cells and modules shall
be tested for voltage and insulation resistance, where the test results shall meet the
requirements of GB/T 36276.
5.2.3.6 When the voltage and temperature data of battery cells and modules is abnormal,
the battery cell or battery module shall be replaced.
5.2.3.7 If the charge and discharge energy of the lithium ion battery energy storage
system does not meet the requirements of GB/T 36558, and the battery voltage range
after offline equalization does not meet the requirements, the battery modules in the
same battery array shall be replaced by those of the same specifications and parameters.
5.2.3.8 The battery holder – which is deformed, damaged or corroded – shall be
replaced. The grounding wire shall be tightened or replaced in the case of loose
connection or damage.
5.2.3.9 If the insulation resistance of the fan of the battery array air-cooling system is
unqualified or the rotation is abnormal, the fan shall be repaired or replaced.
5.2.3.10 When the insulation resistance of the circulating pumps of the battery array
liquid cooling system is unqualified, the rotation is abnormal, and the temperature and
flow sensors are faulty, the circulating pumps and sensors shall be repaired or replaced
with the circulating pumps and sensors of the same specification.
5.2.3.11 In the case of leakage, damage or cracking of circulating pumps, pipelines,
valves and flanges of the battery array liquid cooling system, they shall be replaced
with circulating pumps, pipelines, valves and flanges of the same specification. When
the circulating pump and flange bolts are loose, they shall be tightened. When the
position of the valve switch is incorrect or jammed, it shall be adjusted.
5.2.3.12 When the battery voltage, temperature and current sensors of the battery
management system fail, the sensors shall be replaced.
5.2.3.13 When the voltage and temperature acquisition lines and communication lines
of the battery management system are loose or fall off, the wiring shall be restored;
when broken, they shall be replaced.
5.2.3.14 When the measured values of battery voltage, temperature and current of the
battery management system are abnormal, the battery management system and sensors
shall be repaired or replaced.
5.2.4 Post-repair test
5.2.4.1 After the battery management system is repaired or replaced, the measured
values of cell voltage, temperature and current of the battery management system shall
be checked, and the protection function simulation test and communication function
test shall be carried out.
5.2.4.2 After the cells of the battery array have been balanced offline and replaced, it is
advisable to carry out voltage range and temperature range tests of cells within the
battery cluster and voltage range tests between battery clusters.
5.2.4.3 After the cells of the battery array have been balanced off-line and replaced, it
is advisable to carry out the charge-discharge energy and efficiency tests of the lithium
ion battery energy storage system.
5.2.4.4 After the fan of the battery array air-cooling system and the circulating pump of
the liquid-cooling system are repaired or replaced, various performance tests shall be
carried out.
5.3 Maintenance of lead-carbon battery arrays
5.3.1 Appearance inspection
5.3.1.1 Check the appearance of the battery, including deformation, cracking, acid
leakage, liquid leakage, corrosion, safety valve action and electrical connection
tightness.
5.3.1.2 Check the battery electrolyte level.
5.3.1.3 Check the deformation, damage, corrosion of the battery bracket and the
tightness of connection of the grounding wire.
5.3.1.4 Check the air-cooling system of the battery array, including fan rotation and
abnormal noise.
5.3.1.5 Check the connection tightness of power lines and communication lines of the
battery management system, as well as the working voltage of the battery management
system, and the display of the work indicating lamp.
5.3.1.6 Check the human-machine interface of the battery management system,
including the display and refresh of data such as battery voltage, temperature, battery
cluster voltage, current and system time, as well as alarm information records.
5.3.2 Inspection test
5.3.2.1 Test the internal resistance of the cell, and verify the corresponding measured
values of the battery management system.
5.3.2.2 Verify the cell voltage sensor, temperature sensor and current sensor of the
battery management system.
5.3.2.3 Test the battery voltage, temperature and current, and verify the corresponding
measured values of the battery management system.
5.3.2.4 Test the voltage range and temperature range of cells in the battery cluster.
5.3.3.11 When the battery voltage, temperature and current sensors of the battery
management system fail, the sensors shall be replaced.
5.3.3.12 When the voltage and temperature acquisition lines and communication lines
of the battery management system are loose or fall off, the wiring shall be restored;
when broken, they shall be replaced.
5.3.3.13 When other abnormalities occur in the battery management system, the battery
management system shall be repaired or replaced.
5.3.4 Post-repair test
5.3.4.1 After the battery management system is repaired or replaced, the measured
values of battery voltage, temperature and current of the battery management system
shall be checked, and the protection function simulation test and communication
function test shall be carried out.
5.3.4.2 After the cells of the battery array have been balanced offline and replaced, it is
advisable to carry out voltage range and temperature range tests of cells within the
battery cluster and voltage range tests between battery clusters.
5.3.4.3 After the cells of the battery array have been balanced off-line and replaced, it
is advisable to carry out the charge-discharge energy and efficiency tests of the battery
energy storage system.
5.3.4.4 After the fan of the battery array air-cooling system is repaired or replaced,
various performance tests shall be carried out.
5.4 Maintenance of flow battery arrays
5.4.1 Appearance inspection
5.4.1.1 Check the deformation, damage, leakage, corrosion and compression bolts,
positive and negative connection tightness of the stack.
5.4.1.2 Check the deformation, cracking, leakage, inclination, liquid level indication,
etc. of the electrolyte storage tank.
5.4.1.3 Check the deformation, damage, corrosion of the battery holder and the
tightness of connection of the grounding wire.
5.4.1.4 Check the electrolyte circulating pump, including rotation, abnormal noise,
damage, leakage, etc., and the tightness of bolt connections.
5.4.1.5 Check the pipes, flanges, and valves, including deformation, damage, cracking,
leakage, bolt connection tightness, and valve switch conditions.
5.4.1.6 Check the connection tightness of sensors such as voltage, current, temperature,
pressure, flow rate and leakage.
5.4.1.7 Check the connection tightness of power lines and communication lines of the
battery management system, as well as the working voltage of the battery management
system, and the display of the work indicating lamp.
5.4.1.8 Check the human-machine interface of the battery management system,
including the display and refresh of data such as electrolyte temperature, stack voltage,
battery array current, pressure, flow rate, and system time, as well as alarm information
records.
5.4.2 Inspection test
5.4.2.1 Detect the concentration of electrolyte components, the valence state of active
substances, and the content of impurity elements.
5.4.2.2 Check the temperature, voltage, current, pressure and flow sensors of the battery
management system.
5.4.2.3 Detect the insulation resistance, charging and discharging power of the stack.
5.4.2.4 Detect the insulation resistance and flow rate of the electrolyte circulating pump.
5.4.2.5 Detect the pipeline pressure resistance of the electrolyte circulation system of
the flow battery.
5.4.2.6 Detect the electrolyte temperature, stack voltage and battery array current,
pressure and flow of the battery management system, and verify the corresponding
measured values of the battery management system.
5.4.2.7 Carry out the charge-discharge energy and efficiency test of the flow battery
energy storage system, and carry out the calibration of the charge-discharge energy of
the energy storage system.
5.4.3 Repair
5.4.3.1 Before repairing, the electrolyte in the repairing part shall be drained.
5.4.3.2 The compression bolts shall be tightened when the stack is not compressed, and
shall be fastened when the positive and negative connections are loose.
5.4.3.3 If the stack is deformed, damaged, leaking, corroded, etc., the insulation
resistance is less than 1 MΩ, and the rated energy efficiency of the stack is lower than
75%, it shall be repaired or replaced with a stack of the same specifications and
parameters. The new stack shall be tested for insulation resistance, stack voltage range,
stack efficiency, and electrolyte circuit withstand voltage.
5.5.1 Appearance inspection
5.5.1.1 Check the deformation, damage, leakage, corrosion, displacement of the
electrode plate, color of the battery tab, tightness of the compression bolt, and
connection of the positive and negative electrodes of the electrolytic cell.
5.5.1.2 Check the deformation, damage, leakage of the stack and the tightness of the
positive and negative wiring connections.
5.5.1.3 Check the appearance of the circulating pump, hydrogen compressor, air
compressor, and water pump, including deformation, damage, abnormal rotation noise,
etc., as well as the tightness of bolt connections and the turbidity and odor of the oil
medium.
5.5.1.4 Check the appearance and connection tightness of sensors such as voltage,
current, temperature, pressure, liquid level, flow, and hydrogen monitoring.
5.5.1.5 Check the appearance of pipes, flanges, valves and connectors, including
deformation, damage, cracking, corrosion, leakage, etc., as well as the tightness of bolt
connections and the status of valve switches.
5.5.1.6 Check the appearance of the electrolyzer and stack support frame, including
deformation, damage, corrosion and the tightness of the connection of the grounding
wire.
5.5.1.7 Check the tightness of the power line and communication line of the fuel cell
array automatic control device, the working voltage of the fuel cell array automatic
control device, and the display of the working indicator light.
5.5.1.8 Check the human-machine interface of the fuel cell array automatic control
device, including the display and refresh of data such as pressure, temperature, voltage,
current, flow and system time, and alarm information records.
5.5.2 Inspection test
5.5.2.1 Detect the grounding resistance of hydrogen pipelines and containers.
5.5.2.2 Carry out the airtightness test of the hydrogen production system, hydrogen
storage system, fuel cell system and piping.
5.5.2.3 Check the sensors such as voltage, current, temperature, pressure, flow,
hydrogen/oxygen content, moisture content, conductivity, etc., as well as thermometers,
pressure gauges, and safety valves.
5.5.2.4 Carry out pneumatic and electric valve transmission tests.
5.5.2.5 Carry out the inspection of pressure vessels of hydrogen production system and
hydrogen storage system.
5.5.2.6 Detect the outlet water quality of external water supply and pure water system.
5.5.2.7 Detect the cooling water quality of the cooling system.
5.5.2.8 Detect the composition of the electrolyte in the alkaline water electrolyzer.
5.5.2.9 Detect the output voltage, power and capacity of the starting power supply.
5.5.2.10 Carry out the protection function tests of the fuel cell array control system
voltage, current, temperature, pressure, liquid level, etc.
5.5.2.11 Carry out control function tests such as start-up and emergency shutdown of
the fuel cell array control system and communication function test.
5.5.2.12 Carry out the start/shutdown test of the hydrogen production system, and test
the purity of hydrogen and oxygen.
5.5.2.13 Carry out the hydrogen discharge capacity test of the hydrogen storage system.
5.5.2.14 Carry out start/shutdown test and efficiency test of the fuel cell system.
5.5.3 Repair
5.5.3.1 Before repairing, the shut-off valve connected to the repaired part shall be
switched off, and the repaired part shall be replaced with nitrogen no less than 3 times.
The repair operation shall meet the safety requirements of GB 4962.
5.5.3.2 When the electrolyzer, electric stack pressing bolts, and positive and negative
wires are loose, they shall be tightened. If the electrolyzer and electric stack are
deformed, damaged, leaked, corroded, plate shifted, the color of the tab is abnormal, or
the air tightness test fails, they shall be repaired or replaced.
5.5.3.3 When the rated power and efficiency of the fuel cell stack do not meet the
requirements, the stack shall be replaced.
5.5.3.4 When the purity of the hydrogen/oxygen at the outlet of the electrolyzer is
unqualified, the electrolyte or the electrolyzer shall be replaced. When the hydrogen
purity at the outlet of the hydrogen purification system does not meet the design
requirements, the purification system shall be repaired or replaced.
5.5.3.5 When the hydrogen discharge capacity of the hydrogen storage system is lower
than 80% of the design capacity, the hydrogen storage alloy container shall be activated.
When the hydrogen discharge capacity after activation is still lower than 90% of the
design capacity, it shall be repaired or replaced.
5.5.3.6 When the electrolyte of the alkaline water electrolyzer does not meet the
requirements of GB/T 37562, the electrolyte shall be replaced.
5.5.4 Post-repair test
5.5.4.1 The hydrogen pipelines and containers, repaired or replaced electrolyzers and
stacks shall be tested for air tightness, and the pipelines and containers shall be replaced
with hydrogen after the test.
5.5.4.2 The electric and pneumatic valves after repair or replacement shall be tested for
transmission.
5.5.4.3 After the fuel cell array control system is repaired, the protection function test,
emergency shutdown function test and communication function test shall be carried out.
5.5.4.4 The hydrogen discharge capacity test shall be carried out after the hydrogen
storage container of the hydrogen storage system is repaired or replaced.
5.5.4.5 After the water electrolysis hydrogen production system is repaired, the
start/shutdown test shall be carried out; after the electrolyzer is replaced, the hydrogen
production energy efficiency test shall be carried out according to the test method
specified in GB 32311.
5.5.4.6 After the hydrogen storage system or fuel cell system is repaired, the
start/shutdown test and efficiency test of the fuel cell system shall be carried out.
6 Maintenance of power conversion system
6.1 General provisions
6.1.1 Before the power conversion system is overhauled, the AC and DC side switches
shall be disconnected, and the port residual voltage shall be measured. When the DC
port voltage is less than 50 V and the AC port voltage is less than 36 V, the case (door)
can be opened for maintenance operation.
6.1.2 During the maintenance of the power conversion system, anti-static measures
shall be taken, and energy storage components such as reactors and capacitors shall be
fully discharged.
6.1.3 After the overall replacement of the power conversion system or the replacement
of important components such as controllers, power modules, capacitors, reactors, and
isolation transformers, corresponding functional and performance tests shall be carried
out.
6.2 Appearance inspection
6.2.1 Check the appearance of the power conversion system, including deformation,
corrosion, damage and the fastening of the ground wire connection.
...... Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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