GB/T 42314-2023 PDF English
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Guide for hazard sources identification of electrochemical energy storage station
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GB/T 42314-2023: PDF in English (GBT 42314-2023) GB/T 42314-2023
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 27.180
CCS F 19
Guide for Hazard Sources Identification of Electrochemical
Energy Storage Station
ISSUED ON: MARCH 17, 2023
IMPLEMENTED ON: OCTOBER 1, 2023
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative References ... 4
3 Terms and Definitions ... 4
4 Overall Requirements ... 5
5 Identification Methods ... 6
6 Identification Content ... 6
7 Hazard Level Classification ... 20
Appendix A (informative) Safety Checklist Method ... 22
Appendix B (informative) Preliminary Hazard Analysis Method ... 23
Appendix C (informative) Operating Condition Hazard Assessment Method ... 24
Appendix D (informative) Analytic Hierarchy Process Method ... 26
Bibliography ... 30
Guide for Hazard Sources Identification of Electrochemical
Energy Storage Station
1 Scope
This document specifies the content of hazard sources identification and the requirements for
hazard level classification of electrochemical energy storage stations, and describes the method
of hazard sources identification.
This document is applicable to the hazard sources identification in the operation, overhaul,
maintenance and testing of electrochemical energy storage stations using lithium-ion batteries,
flow batteries, lead-acid (carbon) batteries, sodium-ion batteries and water electrolysis
hydrogen production / fuel cells as the carrier.
2 Normative References
The contents of the following documents constitute indispensable clauses of this document
through the normative references in the text. In terms of references with a specified date, only
versions with a specified date are applicable to this document. In terms of references without a
specified date, the latest version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 6441 The Classification for Casualty Accidents of Enterprise Staff and Workers
GB/T 13861 Classification and Code for the Hazardous and Harmful Factors in Process
GB 18218 Identification of Major Hazard Installations for Hazardous Chemicals
DL/T 2528 Basic Terminology of Electrical Energy Storage
3 Terms and Definitions
What is defined in DL/T 2528, and the following terms and definitions are applicable to this
document.
3.1 hazard sources
The sources or conditions that may result in personal injury, property damage or environmental
destruction.
[source: NB/T 10575-2021, 3.1, modified]
3.2 hazard sources identification
Identify the existence of hazard sources and determine hazardous factors and harmful factors
that may cause personal injury, property damage or environmental destruction.
[source: NB/T 10575-2021, 3.2]
3.3 hazardous factors
Factors that can cause casualties to people, relatively large losses to property or sudden
destruction to the environment.
[source: NB/T 10575-2021, 3.3, modified]
3.4 harmful factors
Factors that can affect people’s physical health, cause diseases, or certain losses to property, or
chronic damage to the environment.
[source: NB/T 10575-2021, 3.4, modified]
4 Overall Requirements
4.1 The identification of hazard sources of electrochemical energy storage stations shall be
based on relevant laws, regulations and technical standards, identify various hazardous and
harmful factors existing in the electrochemical energy storage stations, and identify various
hazard sources of the electrochemical energy storage stations.
4.2 The identification of hazard sources of electrochemical energy storage stations shall cover
all equipment, facilities, sites, operation and overhaul operation activities of the electrochemical
energy storage stations.
4.3 The identification of hazard sources of electrochemical energy storage stations shall include
unsafe conditions of equipment and facilities, unsafe behaviors of people, and unsafe factors of
the environment, etc.
4.4 The classification of hazardous and harmful factors of electrochemical energy storage
stations shall be carried out in accordance with the stipulations of GB/T 13861, and the
classification of possible impacts shall be carried out in accordance with the stipulations of
GB/T 6441.
4.5 In accordance with the hazard level, the hazard sources of electrochemical energy storage
stations can be classified into major hazard sources and general hazard sources. Those that may
cause casualties or property losses that reach the stipulations of Regulations on Reporting,
Investigation and Handling of Production Safety Accidents, and the types and quantities of
hazardous chemicals that reach the stipulations of GB 18218 are major hazard sources; those
that do not reach the above-mentioned stipulations are general hazard sources. In accordance
with the hazard level, general hazard sources are divided into three levels: Level-I, Level-II and
Level-III.
4.6 The electrochemical energy storage stations shall regularly carry out hazard sources
identification. In accordance with the hazard sources identification results, establish and
improve corresponding safety management systems, set up safety signs, and meanwhile, carry
out hazard sources registration, filing, archiving and problem rectification.
4.7 After the renovation and expansion of the electrochemical energy storage stations, or when
the service conditions of the equipment and the environment, in which, the equipment operates,
are significantly changed, hazard sources identification shall be re-conducted.
5 Identification Methods
5.1 The methods of hazard sources identification of electrochemical energy storage stations
include safety checklist method, preliminary hazard analysis method, operating condition
hazard assessment method and analytic hierarchy process method, etc. When the hazard levels
determined by multiple identification methods for the same hazard source are inconsistent, the
higher hazard level shall prevail.
5.2 The safety checklist method is applicable to hazard sources identification during the
operation and accident investigation of electrochemical energy storage stations. By organizing
experts to evaluate various hazardous and harmful factors listed in the safety checklist,
comprehensively determine the hazard level of hazard sources. See Appendix A for details.
5.3 The preliminary hazard analysis method is applicable to hazard sources identification when
electrochemical energy storage stations adopt new technology and come into contact with new
equipment and facilities. By organizing experts to analyze the possibility and severity of various
hazardous and harmful factors listed in the preliminary advance analysis table,
comprehensively determine the hazard level of hazard sources. See Appendix B for details.
5.4 The operating condition hazard assessment method is applicable to hazard sources
identification in all stages of production, such as: operation, overhaul, maintenance and testing
of electrochemical energy storage stations. In accordance with the actual situation in safety
production activities, reasonably determine the possibility of the occurrence of accidents or
hazardous events, the frequency of exposure to hazardous environments and the severity value
of possible consequences after the occurrence of an accident, comprehensively determine the
hazard level of hazard sources. See Appendix C for details.
5.5 The analytic hierarchy process method is applicable to hazard sources identification in the
overhaul and testing of electrochemical energy storage stations. In accordance with the nature
of hazardous and harmful factors of electrochemical energy storage stations, they are divided
into several layers. In accordance with the layers, determine the influencing factors, and
comprehensively determine the hazard level of hazard sources. See Appendix D for details.
6 Identification Content
6.1 Hazard Sources of Equipment and Facilities
v) Insufficient electrical clearance in the hydrogen supply pipeline;
w) The secondary storage tank confirmation is missing and the measures of preventing
the stack from external force impact are missing;
x) The fuel cell shock absorber is missing;
y) The storge of lithium-ion batteries and lead-acid (carbon) battery spare parts does not
comply with the relevant requirements.
6.1.2 Battery management system
The content of hazard sources identification of the battery management system shall mainly
include:
a) Incorrect and loose wiring;
b) The operating environment conditions do not comply with the requirements;
c) System self-diagnosis failure;
d) The fire resistance level of cables does not comply with the requirements;
e) Data collection failure;
f) Communication failure;
g) The alarm content is missing and the protection instructions are not in time;
h) The battery cluster switching, temperature regulation, circulation pump and valve
control do not comply with the requirements;
i) Status estimation is inaccurate;
j) Improper configuration of the equilibrium function;
k) Insulation resistance detection is missing and the error is excessive;
l) Abnormal parameter setting;
m) Abnormal data display;
n) Electrical adaptability does not comply with the requirements;
o) Electromagnetic compatibility, insulation voltage resistance, and moisture and heat
resistance do not comply with the requirements;
p) System availability does not comply with the requirements.
6.1.3 Energy storage converter
The content of hazard sources identification of energy storage converter shall mainly include:
a) Damaged cabinet, loose and broken fasteners, and frequent vibration;
b) The cabinet is not tightly sealed;
c) Incorrect and loose wiring;
d) Failure of ventilation equipment and temperature control system;
e) The converter and cables are overloaded, and heat is generated;
f) The converter has abnormal noise and smell;
g) Insulation damage of power components and partial discharge;
h) Equipment insulation detection failure;
i) Not grounded or improperly grounded;
j) Converter communication failure;
k) Abnormal function of the control system;
l) Improper coordination of protection settings;
m) The electromagnetic compatibility does not comply with the requirements;
n) The measures of preventing cold, moisture and condensation inside the cabinet do not
comply with the requirements;
o) The operating environment conditions of the converter do not match the normal
operating environment conditions of the equipment.
6.1.4 Boosting transformer and high and low voltage cabinet
The content of hazard sources identification of boosting transformer and high and low voltage
cabinet shall mainly include:
a) The transformer and its components are corroded, cracked and poorly sealed;
b) Damage of the transformer bushing;
c) The transformer makes abnormal noise and smell during operation;
d) The transformer core is incorrectly grounded and the grounding current is large;
e) Transformer overload;
f) The transformer is leaking oil, the oil temperature is too high and the oil
e) The current transducer configuration and secondary winding distribution are
unreasonable, and the main protection has a dead zone;
f) Communication failure;
g) Cable overcurrent, cable insulation aging, cable insulation failure and cable insulation
breakdown;
h) Grounding is incorrect, missing or failed;
i) Incorrect and loose wiring;
j) Identification plate is not correctly set;
k) The secondary equipment and facilities supporting the primary equipment are missing.
6.1.6 Monitoring system
The content of hazard sources identification of the monitoring system shall mainly include:
a) The system data collection and alarm classification functions do not comply with the
requirements;
b) The control and regulation functions are incomplete, and cannot satisfy the
requirements for operation and regulation;
c) Improper selection of network structure, communication media, communication
protocols and communication interfaces;
d) Abnormalities in station level equipment, local level equipment, network
communication equipment and monitoring system safety protection equipment;
e) Time synchronization equipment failure;
f) The anti-accidental locking equipment is faulty and has incomplete functions;
g) The selection of DC power supply system battery capacity and AC uninterruptible
power supply capacity does not comply with the requirements for accidental power
outages;
h) Cable overcurrent, cable insulation aging, improper cable insulation and cable
insulation breakdown;
i) Grounding is incorrect, missing or failed;
j) Abnormal self-diagnosis function;
k) The permission settings do not comply with the requirements;
l) Identification plate is not correctly set;
m) The environmental conditions, under which the monitoring system operates, do not
comply with the requirements.
6.1.7 Prefabricated cabin
The content of hazard sources identification of prefabricated cabin shall mainly include:
a) The strength and stiffness of the cabin frame do not comply with the requirements;
b) The connection between the prefabricated cabin and the foundation is unstable, and
the equipment is displaced;
c) The bearing capacity of the foundation does not comply with the requirements, and
the cabin settles;
d) The protection degree of the prefabricated cabin does not comply with the
requirements;
e) The prefabricated cabin is corroded, deformed, peeled off, penetrated, soaked in water
and covered with ice;
f) The sealing, flame retardant and thermal insulation properties of the prefabricated
cabin are not up to standard;
g) Harmful gas leaks in the cabin, and the temperature and humidity do not comply with
the operating requirements;
h) The acid-proof, explosion-proof, fire-proof, water-proof and moisture-proof
measures in the cabin are not in place;
i) Failure of the dynamic environment system, lighting system and auxiliary control
system;
j) The electromagnetic compatibility performance of the auxiliary electrical facilities in
the cabin does not comply with the requirements;
k) Lightning protection of the prefabricated cabin is missing, ground is missing or failed;
l) The fire-proof compartment of power cables and control cables in the cabin does not
comply with the requirements;
m) Measures of preventing small animals are not in place.
6.1.8 Civil structure and HVAC
The content of hazard sources identification of civil structure and HVAC shall mainly include:
e) The alarm signal is not uploaded to the centralized control center;
f) The designed amount of fire-fighting media is insufficient, the parameters of the fire-
fighting system are improperly designed, and fire-fighting materials are not within the
qualified calibration period or are damaged;
g) There is no fixed fire extinguishing device or system in the battery room;
h) Insufficient fire-fighting water source settings;
i) There is no independent backup power supply for the fire-fighting system;
j) The battery room is not equipped with a forced exhaust system, a pressure relief port
or the smoke exhaust system is failed;
k) Failure of the fire-fighting system and exhaust system;
l) There is a lack of linkage between the exhaust system and the combustible gas
detection host;
m) There is a lack of lineage between the fire-fighting system and HVAC, and access
control system, etc.;
n) Explosion-proof equipment is not used for lighting, ventilation, air conditioning and
switches, etc., and the explosion-proof level is insufficient;
o) The cable laying of fire-fighting distribution lines does not satisfy the demands for
continuous power supply in case of fire;
p) In the battery room, the communication and DC cables do not adopt flame retardant
materials;
q) The fire-proof sealing of cable holes is not tight, and the fire resistance level is
insufficient;
r) The fire resistance level of buildings (structures) and fire-proof doors does not comply
with the requirements;
s) The fire-proof distance between buildings (structures) and equipment is insufficient
or the firewall design does not comply with the requirements;
t) The fire-proof distance between the energy storage station and other buildings
(structures) outside the station is insufficient;
u) Improper design of emergency lighting and evacuation signs;
v) The fire-fighting access is blocked or the width does not comply with the
requirements.
6.2 Hazard Sources of Overhaul, Maintenance and Test
6.2.1 Overhaul
The content of hazard sources identification of overhaul shall mainly include:
a) The equipment overhaul cycle and items of the energy storage station do not comply
with the requirements;
b) The enclosure of the external test instruments and equipment is poorly grounded, the
connecting cable is damaged or the insulation is damaged, and the detection time is
not within the required calibration validity period;
c) During the overhaul of components of the energy storage unit, the energy storage unit
is not shut down, anti-static measures are not taken, AC and DC circuit breakers are
not disconnected, and charged energy storage components, such as: capacitors and
reactive resistances, are not fully discharged;
d) During the overhaul of components of the energy storage unit, the location markings
fall off or are unclear, and no measures are taken to prevent accidental entry into
compartments and mis-operation of equipment;
e) When checking the secondary electrical equipment, it is not isolated from the primary
electrical equipment, and instead, sends power to the primary electrical equipment;
f) When the monitoring system software is upgraded or major hardware is replaced, no
measures are taken to prevent mis-operation of equipment, and there are no anti-static
measures;
g) When detecting or replacing components of the fire-fighting system, they are not
effectively isolated from the control system, and the equipment starts incorrectly;
h) When detecting the battery system and energy storage converters, the emergency
shutdown function fails to pass the test or fails during the test;
i) During overhaul operations in the battery cabin, ventilation measures are not strictly
implemented, and the fire-fighting system is not switched to manual control mode;
j) The overhaul personnel do not wear insulating gloves, protective clothing, protective
shoes and other protective articles, and the overhaul tools are not subject to insulation
wrapping;
k) Before overhaul, the AC and DC switches of the primary circuit are not disconnected,
safety warning signs are not hung, and electrical isolation is not performed;
l) During the overhaul of heating equipment, no measures are taken to prevent high-
temperature burns and burns from splashes of high-temperature liquids;
connected to the grounding point in the station or is connected to the grounding point
in the station at multiple points;
d) Before the test, the enclosure of the external test equipment is not effectively
grounded, and no measures are taken to prevent accidental electric shock;
e) The connecting cables of the external test instruments and equipment are not
effectively protected, the cable is damaged or the insulation is damaged;
f) During the test, the anti-accidental locking function of the external test equipment
fails, and no measures are taken to override the anti-accidental locking function;
g) The test setting parameters are entered into the equipment without confirmation, and
no measures are taken to prevent incorrect input of parameters;
h) The newly installed or overhauled hydrogen or liquid storage tanks have not been
tested for air tightness and pressure resistance;
i) The escape route is unclear or blocked, and no measures are taken to ensure the
smoothness of the escape route;
j) When hoisting external test equipment, no measures are taken to prevent the hoist
from accidentally touching live lines;
k) During the test, no measures are taken to prevent computers or networking equipment
without network access certification from accessing the power station network;
l) Before and after the test, the sequence of disconnecting wiring is not standardized;
m) In severe weather, such as: heavy rain, strong wind, heavy fog and heavy snow, the
test environment conditions do not comply with the requirements;
n) After the test is completed, no measures are taken to fully discharge the electric
reactors, capacitors, power modules and other components of the energy storage
converter;
o) The test items do not comply with the relevant technical requirements.
6.3 Hazard Sources of Special Operations
6.3.1 Operation at High Altitudes
The content of hazard sources identification of operation at high altitudes shall mainly include:
a) The operating personnel have not received safety training or professional technical
training;
b) The operating personnel’s safety protective equipment is not fully allocated, and the
safety protective equipment has not passed the inspection;
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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