GB/T 41120-2021 PDF English
Search result: GB/T 41120-2021 English: PDF (GB/T41120-2021)
| Standard ID | Contents [version] | USD | STEP2 | [PDF] delivered in | Name of Chinese Standard | Status |
| GB/T 41120-2021 | English | 230 |
Add to Cart
|
0-9 seconds. Auto-delivery.
|
Non-destructive testing -- Test method for non-ferromagnetic metallic component pulsed eddy current testing
| Valid |
BUY with any currencies (Euro, JPY, GBP, KRW etc.): GB/T 41120-2021 Related standards: GB/T 41120-2021
PDF Preview: GB/T 41120-2021
GB/T 41120-2021: PDF in English (GBT 41120-2021) GB/T 41120-2021
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 19.100
CCS J 04
Non-destructive testing - Test method for non-ferromagnetic
metallic component pulsed eddy current testing
ISSUED ON: DECEMBER 31, 2021
IMPLEMENTED ON: JULY 01, 2022
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative references ... 4
3 Terms and definitions ... 5
4 Method summary ... 5
5 Safety warning ... 7
6 Personnel requirements ... 7
7 Testing process specification ... 8
8 Testing equipment ... 8
9 Testing ... 14
10 Testing report ... 17
Bibliography ... 19
Non-destructive testing - Test method for non-ferromagnetic
metallic component pulsed eddy current testing
1 Scope
This document specifies the method that uses pulse eddy current technology to test
corrosion and cracks in non-ferromagnetic metal materials.
This document is applicable to the testing of non-ferromagnetic metal components such
as austenitic stainless steel, aluminum and aluminum alloys with a thickness of not more
than 200mm, a thickness of 1 mm to 50mm, and a radius of curvature of not less than
25mm. Other non-ferromagnetic metal materials are verified and implemented by using
this document as reference.
This document is applicable to the testing of discontinuous wall thickness of
components of pressure-bearing equipment caused by extensive corrosion without
removing the covering layer. It is applicable to the testing of small-volume
discontinuities and cracks such as pitting corrosion and pitting in the deep skin of thin-
walled bearing parts and the surrounding areas of connecting parts.
This document does not specify the acceptance criteria. The specific acceptance criteria
shall be determined by the parties to the contract through negotiation.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 9445, Non-destructive testing - Qualification and certification of NDT
personnel
GB/T 11344, Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic thickness measurement
GB/T 12604.6, Non-destructive testing - Terminology - Eddy current testing
GB/T 18851.1, Non-destructive testing - Penetrant testing - Part 1: General
principles
GB/T 28705, Non-destructive testing - Test method for pulsed eddy current testing
NB/T 47013.3, Nondestructive testing of pressure equipment - Part 3: Ultrasonic
testing
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions defined in GB/T 12604.6,
GB/T 28705 as well as the followings apply.
3.1 differential signal
The difference between the signal of the area to be tested and the signal of the reference
area.
3.2 peak amplitude; PA
The maximum value of the differential signal amplitude.
3.3 time to peak amplitude; TPA
The time when the amplitude of the differential signal reaches the maximum value since
the excitation signal stops.
3.4 time to zero-crossing; TZC
The time for the differential signal amplitude to change from positive to negative.
3.5 lift-off intersection; LOI
The point where the differential testing signals of different lift-off heights intersect.
4 Method summary
See GB/T 28705 for the basic principle of pulsed eddy current testing. The square wave
excitation current signal shown in Figure 1 is passed through the probe. When the
excitation current signal jumps from high (low) level to zero, the testing signal shown
in Figure 1 is obtained by using magnetic sensitive elements (such as coils, Hall
elements and magneto-sensitive resistors). The feature quantity obtained from the
testing signal is used to evaluate the condition of the object to be inspected.
The common feature quantities of pulsed eddy current testing of non-ferromagnetic
metal components are PA, TPA, TZC of the differential signal given in Figure 2 and
LOI given in Figure 3. Usually, the peak amplitude is related to the magnitude of metal
loss. The time to zero-crossing correlates with discontinuous depth. Both peak
amplitude and time to zero-crossing are used to evaluate discontinuous dimensions.
7 Testing process specification
7.1 General testing process specification
Personnel engaged in pulsed eddy current testing of non-ferromagnetic metal materials
shall formulate general testing procedures in accordance with the requirements of this
document. Its content shall include at least the following elements:
a) Scope of application
b) Reference materials;
c) Qualification of inspectors;
d) Testing equipment information: probe, instrument host, analysis software and
connecting line;
e) Information of tested piece: geometry and size, material, design and operating
parameters;
f) Surface state and cover layer state of tested piece: protective layer material,
thickness and thickness of thermal insulation layer;
g) Sensitivity settings;
h) During static testing, the distribution of measuring points at the testing site;
i) During dynamic scanning, step distance setting;
j) Testing results;
k) Inspection records, reports and data archiving;
l) Preparation, review and approval personnel;
m) Compilation date.
7.2 Inspection work instructions or craft card
It shall be carried out according to 9.1.3.
8 Testing equipment
8.1 Overview
Testing equipment includes instrument host, probes and cables. Auxiliary equipment is
used to calibrate the host machine of the testing instrument, including standard test
pieces, non-conductor spacers and metal sheets. When necessary, the testing equipment
shall have a position recording device.
When testing on site, if the testing results of the equipment are suspected, the equipment
shall be functionally checked and adjusted. Document the results of each maintenance
inspection.
8.2 Instrument host machine
The host machine of the testing instrument shall have the functions of pulsed eddy
current signal excitation, data acquisition, signal waveform display, analysis and
storage. It shall at least meet the following requirements:
a) The adjustable range of the repetition frequency of the excitation signal includes
at least 0.2Hz~2Hz;
b) The data acquisition hardware has the function of synchronizing with the signal
excitation. For the selected probe, when the reference value is set within the
effective testing range, its testing signal characteristics are obvious;
c) Give the relative wall thickness value of the tested piece in the form of a
percentage or give the test piece testing signal image of a certain area;
d) Continuously store the testing results of more than 100 testing points and the
original data corresponding to the testing signal waveform;
e) Test the thinned walls, notches and flat bottom holes in the standard test pieces
specified in 8.4.1.
8.3 Testing probe
8.3.1 The performance parameters such as wall thickness, minimum diameter, thickness
of thermal insulation layer, material and thickness of protective layer for the tested piece
shall be given.
8.3.2 The magnetic field testing area of the probe corresponds to the probe size. Large
magnetic field testing area reduces testing accuracy. Therefore, in the case of ensuring
the testing sensitivity, accuracy and signal quality, the probe with the smallest size shall
be selected as much as possible.
8.3.3 The probe shall be equipped with a support rod to facilitate high-altitude testing
operations.
8.3.4 In the case of ensuring the sensitivity and testing accuracy, the length of the cable
connecting the probe and the instrument can be increased.
8.4 Test piece
of the tested object can be used to simulate the thermal insulation layer casing.
8.5 Maintenance and calibration of testing equipment
Develop written procedures. Periodically maintain and inspect the testing equipment to
ensure the function of the instrument.
Before going to the site for testing, standard test pieces of corresponding specifications
shall be selected to calibrate the testing instrument. If the testing results are consistent
with the known defects of the test piece, it indicates that the instrument is normal.
When testing on site, if the testing results of the equipment are suspected, the equipment
shall be functionally checked and adjusted. Document the results of each maintenance
inspection.
9 Testing
9.1 Preparation before testing
9.1.1 Data review
The data review shall include the following:
a) The manufacturing documents of the tested piece: product certificate, quality
certification documents and as-built drawings;
b) The operation records of the tested piece: start and stop conditions, operating
parameters, working medium, load changes and abnormal conditions during
operation;
c) Inspection data: previous inspection and testing report;
d) Additional information: documentation of repairs and alterations, and so on.
9.1.2 On-site investigation
Investigate the site of the tested piece. Identify factors that may affect the testing results,
such as hangers, internal or external accessories. The interference of these factors shall
be avoided during testing.
9.1.3 Preparation of work instructions or craft cards
For each tested piece, according to the instrument used and the actual situation on site,
prepare pulsed eddy current testing work instructions or craft cards according to general
testing process regulations. Determine the location and surface conditions for pulsed
eddy current testing. Draw a schematic diagram of the structure of the tested piece.
Number the testing sites. The testing site shall avoid internal or external metal
accessories.
9.2 Requirements for testing surface conditions
Check the surface condition of the test piece to ensure the testing accuracy. The surface
condition to be checked mainly includes the following elements:
a) There shall be no large-area welding scars and other metal connection structures;
b) The insulation layer shall be continuous and uniform in thickness;
c) For the tested piece with a metal thermal insulation layer casing, the inspection
shall be avoided at the damaged or overlapping part of the metal casing.
9.3 Implementation of testing
9.3.1 Testing method
For pressure-bearing equipment, it shall be carried out in the way of static inspection
or dynamic scanning. For thin-walled bearing parts, the dynamic scanning method shall
be used.
For flat panel inspection, keep the probe face parallel to the area to be tested. For curved
surface inspection, the probe surface shall be kept tangent to the tested area.
9.3.2 Static testing method
9.3.2.1 Selection principle of reference area
In static testing, the area with obvious testing signal characteristics shall be selected as
the reference area. Reference area shall have known wall thickness or ultrasonic
thickness measurement. Ultrasonic thickness measurement is performed in accordance
with GB/T 11344.
When the acquired inspection data has the same material, the same covering material
and thickness, the same surface conditions, the same working conditions, and the same
probe as the tested piece, data of known wall thicknesses can also be used as reference
values.
9.3.2.2 Adjustment of reference area
When the following conditions exist between the testing area and the reference area,
the reference area shall be re-selected.
a) The material of the tested piece is inconsistent;
b) The nominal wall thickness deviation exceeds 10%;
c) The curvature changes more than 20%;
After the testing is completed, the testing results shall be given in the form of a list or
an image.
When the testing area has a large difference in physical properties compared to the
reference area, appropriate corrections or compensations shall be made to the testing
data. Then re-evaluate the results after correction and compensation.
9.6.2 Verification of testing results
The result given by pulsed eddy current testing is the equivalent of the remaining metal
wall thickness under the probe footprint. The size and shape of corrosion are different
from artificial defects, and the actual part of the tested piece is different from the
reference area. Therefore, there will be a certain difference between the equivalent
value displayed by the testing results and the actual situation. Once the testing signal of
wall thickness loss of more than 20% or cracks is found, the covering layer shall be
removed first. Then use one or more of the following methods to verify:
a) Use visual inspection and hammering method for testing, used to distinguish
whether the corrosion is located on the outer surface or the inner surface;
b) Use an ultrasonic thickness gauge to measure the remaining wall thickness of the
site. Ultrasonic thickness measurement complies with the regulations in GB/T
11344;
c) For external surface corrosion, a depth gauge can be used to directly measure the
corrosion depth. For internal surface corrosion, ultrasonic testing shall be
performed, so as to measure the corrosion depth more accurately. Carry out
according to NB/T 47013.3;
d) Penetration testing can be used for surface cracks. Carry out according to GB/T
18851.1. For internal cracks, ultrasonic testing shall be carried out;
e) Use radiography or other nondestructive testing methods for verification testing.
If necessary, with the consent of the parties to the contract, the verification can also be
carried out by means of random inspection and autopsy.
10 Testing report
The content of the testing report shall be formulated according to the test requirements.
It shall contain the followings:
- Testing agency name;
- Identification of tested piece;
- Material of tested piece;
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
|