GB/T 40168-2021 PDF English
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Corrugating medium - Determination of the edge crush resistance after laboratory fluting
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GB/T 40168-2021: Corrugating medium - Determination of the edge crush resistance after laboratory fluting
---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT40168-2021
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 85.010
Y 30
Corrugating medium - Determination of the edge
crush resistance after laboratory fluting
(ISO 16945:2014, MOD)
ISSUED ON: MAY 21, 2021
IMPLEMENTED ON: DECEMBER 01, 2021
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative references ... 4
3 Terms and definitions ... 4
4 Principle ... 5
5 Instruments ... 5
6 Specimen collection ... 7
7 Specimen treatment ... 7
8 Specimen preparation ... 7
9 Test steps ... 8
10 Result calculation ... 8
11 Test report ... 10
Annex A (informative) Precision ... 11
Bibliography ... 13
Corrugating medium - Determination of the edge
crush resistance after laboratory fluting
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the method to determine the edge crush resistance of
corrugating medium after laboratory fluting.
This Standard applies to all kinds of corrugating mediums used to manufacture
corrugated fibreboard after fluting.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of
this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
GB/T 450, Paper and Board - Sampling for Testing and Identification of
Machine and Cross Direction, Wire Side and Felt Side (GB/T 450-2008, ISO
186:2002, MOD)
GB/T 451.2, Paper and board - Determination of grammage (GB/T 451.2-
2002, eqv ISO 536:1995)
GB/T 10739, Paper, board and pulps - STANDARD atmosphere for
conditioning and testing (GB/T 10739-2002, eqv ISO 187:1990)
ISO 13820, Paper, board and corrugated fibreboard -Description and
calibration of compression-testing equipment
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 edge crush resistance; CCT
under the specified conditions, after corrugated core paper is corrugated in the
laboratory, and the edge of the specimen is compressed, the maximum
pressure per unit length that the specimen can withstand before crushing
NOTE: The unit is kilonewtons per meter (kN/m).
3.2 edge crush resistance index
the edge crush resistance is divided by the quantitative value
NOTE: The unit is newton meters per gram (N·m/g).
4 Principle
Pass the specimen between a pair of heated rollers and place it vertically in the
holder to corrugate. Apply pressure to the specimen in a direction perpendicular
to the edge of the specimen. When the specimen is crushed, the maximum
force value per unit length indicates the edge crush resistance of the specimen.
5 Instruments
5.1 Sample cutting equipment
The cut specimen shall meet the requirements of Chapter 8.
5.2 Flute meter
The flute meter consists of a pair of matched steel fluted rollers. One corrugated
roller is the driving roller, and the other corrugated roller is the driven roller. Use
appropriate methods to keep the temperature of the fluted roll within the range
of (175±8)°C. Check the temperature while the fluted roller is in motion.
Under the test conditions, a grooved roller is driven by a motor. The rotating
speed is controlled at (4.5±1.0)r/min. By evenly applying a force of (100±10) N
on the grooved roller, the grooved roller is kept in engagement. In some
instruments, the force between the fluted rollers is applied by a spring in a
stretched state. The friction within the equipment can cause the force acting on
the specimen to be much smaller than the force originally required to be set on
the fluted roller. In order to verify whether the instrument meets the
requirements of this article, it is necessary to test the force required to prevent
the driven roller from moving to the driving roller at a distance of 200μm from
the driving roller.
Each roller shall meet the following necessary characteristics (see Figure 1):
- Addendum circle diameter: (228.5±0.5)mm;
- Tooth thickness: (16±1)mm;
- Number of teeth: 84 (see NOTE 3);
parallelism of the long side of the specimen shall be within 0.01mm. It shall be
clean and free of defects.
9 Test steps
9.1 General rules
The edge crush resistance test can be tested immediately after fluting (see 9.2).
It can also be tested after 30min of temperature and humidity treatment after
fluting (see 9.3).
9.2 Test immediately after fluting
If the compression test is performed immediately after the specimen is fluted,
the time from fluting to pressure application shall be within 20s~25s.
NOTE: In the inter-laboratory comparison experiment conducted in 2012, the shortest time
required from installing the specimen to applying pressure was 20s~25s.
9.3 Test after 30min of temperature and humidity treatment after fluting
If the specimen is subjected to temperature and humidity treatment after fluting,
the specimen shall be treated again for 30min~35min in the environment where
the temperature is (23±1)°C and the relative humidity is (50±2)%. If the
specimen is tested after 30min of temperature and humidity treatment after
fluting, all the specimens can be fluted before the test.
9.4 Fluting and testing
Turn on the motor and heat the fluted roller to (175±8)°C.
Insert the specimen vertically into the gap between the two fluted rollers along
the long side of the specimen.
Put the fluted specimen into the holder (5.3). Then put the holder in the middle
of the lower plate of the compression tester. Start the test and take a reading.
Take the maximum test value, accurate to 1N.
Whether it is tested immediately or after 30min of temperature and humidity
treatment, repeat the above steps to test the remaining specimens. At least 10
valid test results have been obtained.
10 Result calculation
10.1 Edge crush resistance
Annex A
(informative)
Precision
A.1 In May 2012, 11 laboratories from 6 countries participated in an
international inter-laboratory comparison.
A.2 This comparison experiment uses 3 different quantitative fluting samples.
CCT0 and CCT30 tests were carried out on each sample.
A.3 The data is shown in Table A.1~Table A.4.
A.4 The calculation basis is ISO/TR 24498 and TAPPI T 1200.
A.5 The reported repeatability standard deviation is the combined repeatability
standard deviation, that is, the standard deviation calculated using the root
mean square of the standard deviations of all participating laboratories. This is
different from the traditional definition of repeatability in ISO 5725-1.
A.6 The reported repeatability limit and reproducibility limit are the maximum
difference between the two sets of test results obtained from the same material
under the same test conditions, and the maximum difference is not evaluated
at a 95% confidence rate. This evaluation is invalid for different materials or
different test conditions. The repeatability limit and the reproducibility limit are
calculated by multiplying the repeatability standard deviation and the
repeatability standard deviation by 2.77.
NOTE 1: The repeatability standard deviation is equivalent to the laboratory standard
deviation. However, the reproducibility standard deviation is different from the inter-
laboratory standard deviation. The reproducibility standard deviation includes both the
inter-laboratory standard deviation and the intra-laboratory standard deviation. That is,
NOTE 2: , it is assumed that the test results are normally distributed
and the standard deviation s is obtained based on a large number of tests.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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