GB/T 35528-2017 PDF English
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GB/T 35528-2017: Safety guidelines for cryogenic liquefied gases---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT35528-2017
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 77.100.20
G 86
Safety guidelines for cryogenic liquefied gases
Issued on. DECEMBER 29, 2017
Implemented on. JULY 01, 2018
Issued by. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of the People's Republic of China;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 4
1 Scope... 5
2 Normative references... 5
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations... 7
3.1 Terms and definitions... 7
3.2 Abbreviations... 9
4 General... 10
5 Design safety... 12
6 Filling and storage safety... 14
7 Transport safety... 21
8 Safety on use... 30
9 Fire safety... 38
10 Personal safety protection... 45
Annex A (informative) Safety characteristics of cryogenic liquefied gas commonly used
in industry... 50
Annex B (informative) International chemical safety card (ICSC)... 56
Annex C (informative) Low temperature properties of materials... 71
Bibliography... 73
Foreword
This document was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This document was proposed by China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation.
This document shall be under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee on Gas
of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 206).
The drafting organizations of this document. Southwest Chemical Research and Design
Institute Co., Ltd., Wuhan Iron and Steel Group Co., Ltd., Kaifeng Air Separation
Group Co., Ltd., General Engineering Design and Research Institute of the General
Equipment Department, China Industrial Gas Industry Association.
Main drafters of this document. Huang Jianbin, Chen Yali, Jiang Hezhi, Wang
Jianzhong, Zheng Xiaoping, Yi Xilang, Chen Hong, Pu Chungan.
Safety guidelines for cryogenic liquefied gases
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the basic requirements closely related to safety in the process
of (device) design, filling, storage, transportation and use of commonly used cryogenic
liquefied gases.
This Standard applies to common industrial gases that are transported and stored in
cryogenic liquid form, that is, cryogenic liquefaction products of hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen, helium, neon, argon, krypton and methane.
This Standard does not apply to the production process of various common industrial
gases and their liquefied products.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 150.1, Pressure Containers - Part 1.General Requirements
GB/T 191, Packaging and storage marks
GB/T 4387, Safety regulation for railway and road transportation in plants of
industrial enterprises
GB/T 5458, Liquid nitrogen biological container
GB 7258, Technical specifications for safety of power-driven vehicles operating on
roads
GB 8958, Safety regulation for working under hazardous condition of the oxygen
deficiency
GB 8965.1, Protective clothing - Flame retardant protective clothing
GB/T 10478, Railway tank car for liquefied gases
GB 12014, Protective clothing - Static protective clothing
GB 12158, General guideline for preventing electrostatic accidents
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1.1 gas
Substances with a vapor pressure greater than 300kPa at 50°C; or substances that are
completely gaseous at a standard pressure of 101.3kPa at 20°C.
3.1.2 compressed gas
Substances that are completely gaseous when packed under pressure for transport at -
50°C. This category includes all gases whose critical temperature is less than or equal
to -50°C.
3.1.6 accident resulted from human error
Accidents caused by the unintentional act of an operator.
3.1.7 chain reaction accident
A series or chains of accidents arising from a local accident or a single accident.
3.1.8 risk assessment
At the beginning of the design, an evaluation of the expected use of the device and
equipment after a certain period of time and the possible failure modes under various
operating conditions.
4 General
4.1 Establishment approval
The establishment of cryogenic liquefied gas device shall comply with the provisions
of "Measures for the Safety Supervision and Administration of Hazardous Chemical
Construction Projects" [6] of State Administration of Work Safety.
4.3 Safety protection system
To detect and prevent accidents and minimize the risk of personal and property damage
accidents, safety guards shall be installed in every link from product packaging to use.
Configure various safety facilities including firefighting equipment. Personal safety
protection facilities for on-the-job staff shall also be complete.
4.4 Alarm system
Necessary alarm devices shall be installed to monitor abnormal changes in temperature
and pressure of the associated cryogenic equipment. Detect abnormal changes in the
concentration of stored cryogenic liquefied gas in the surrounding air. Provide timely
alerts before accidents occur.
4.5 Safety certificate
Cryogenic liquid devices and related equipment, electrical instrument control systems,
storage and transportation units as well as power supply systems, before being put into
normal use, shall pass the safety performance certification not lower than that of the
prefecture-level safety supervision agencies.
4.7 Safety training
It shall, according to the provisions of the "Work Safety Law of the People's Republic
of China"[1], "Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals"[3],
"Regulations on the Administration of Safety Technology Training and Assessment for
Special Operators"[5] and "Safety Training Regulations on Producers and Operators"[4]
of State Administration of Work Safety, carry out targeted safety education, legal
education and job technical training for cryogenic liquid practitioners, based on
different jobs.
4.8 Safety inspection
System-wide safety inspection shall be carried out before the cryogenic liquid device is
put into production. The inspection includes the implementation of the safety measures
specified in 4.1~4.7.
5 Design safety
5.1 Design qualification
The organization that undertakes the design of the cryogenic liquefied gas device,
including the filling and storage system, the transportation unit and the required special
equipment, must pass the review of the design qualification assessment agency
authorized by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine. Design can only be done after obtaining the corresponding design
qualifications.
5.3 Principle to avoid accident resulted from human error
Reasonable safety control methods shall be adopted in the design, so as to reduce and
eliminate safety accidents that may be caused by human errors in all links from product
packaging to use.
5.4 Principle to avoid chain reaction accident
Reliable solutions or measures shall be taken during design, so that a partial failure or
accident does not lead to a series of failures or chain reaction accidents.
5.5 Risk assessment
For all pressure containers involved in cryogenic liquefied gas device, the organization
with the corresponding equipment design qualification shall provide the risk assessment
report and propose corresponding safety measures to control the risk according to the
requirements of GB/T 150.1.
5.7 Safety distance
The fire safety distance between cryogenic liquefied gas storage tanks and various
buildings and structures, as well as the safety distance between storage tanks, shall be
implemented in accordance with the provisions of GB 50016, GB 50030 and GB 50177.
6 Filling and storage safety
6.1 Containers for filling and storage
There are many types of containers or equipment used to fill and store cryogenic liquids.
There are stationary cryogenic tanks and mobile cryogenic containers. Usually,
stationary tanks have a relatively large capacity.
6.2 Stationary cryogenic liquid filling and storage system
6.2.9 Fireproof
Smoking is prohibited around liquid hydrogen, liquid methane and liquid oxygen
storage tanks. It is strictly forbidden to place any flammable substances in these storage
tanks, special liquid pumps, vaporizers, related valves, pipes and their exhaust gas
outlets.
6.2.12 Restricted operation
Only trained and qualified personnel shall perform cryogenic liquid storage, transfer
and transfer operations. See Chapter 10 for personal safety protection during the
operation of equipment in contact with cryogenic liquids or during the transfer and
delivery of cryogenic liquids.
6.3 Mobile cryogenic liquid storage system
6.3.5 Large and medium-sized mobile cryogenic equipment
Large and medium-sized mobile cryogenic storage tanks adopt vacuum or multi-layer
vacuum insulation structure. It consists of an inner tank and an outer shell with a
vacuum interlayer. The nominal volume of the internal tank used for filling the
cryogenic liquid medium is equal to or greater than 450L.
6.3.6 Cryogenic liquid railway tank car
The design, manufacture, inspection and use management of cryogenic liquefied gas
railway tank cars and their tanks shall comply with GB/T 10478, TSG R0005 and the
relevant regulations of the railway transportation authority of the State Council at the
same time.
6.4 Mobile cryogenic container safe filling technology
6.4.1 Filling method
For the filling of mobile cryogenic containers with specified cryogenic liquefied gases
from cryogenic liquid production units or stationary cryogenic liquid storage systems,
three different methods can be used, that is, gravity dump, pressure dump and cryogenic
liquid pump dump fill. For different dump filling methods, corresponding safe filling
techniques shall be adopted.
7 Transport safety
7.1 On-site short-distance transportation
7.1.1 Small mobile cryogenic container transfer
After the small mobile cryogenic container in the workplace is filled with liquid, for
Dewars filled with cryogenic liquids and cryogenic liquid welded insulation cylinders,
shock-resistant carts or similar specialized equipment shall be used to transport. When
in use, the Dewar or gas cylinder shall be fixed on the cart with straps to prevent it from
slipping. It shall not be transported by means of dragging, pulling, rolling or throwing.
7.2 General requirements for long-distance transport and intermodal transport of
goods
7.2.1 Transport or escort personnel
The relevant personnel responsible for the transportation or escort of cryogenic
liquefied gas shall have received specialized technical training and obtained
transportation license.
7.2.2 Hazard pictogram signs
According to the provisions of GB/T 24774, the classification of cryogenic liquefied
gases packaged for transportation shall be marked with hazard pictogram signs.
7.2.5 Regular inspection during transit
The inspection items are basically the same as the inspection items before shipment.
7.2.6 Emergency discharge
When it is necessary to urgently discharge a large amount of cryogenic liquefied gas
during transportation, quickly leave the vehicle concentration point. Leave industrial
and mining areas and densely populated areas.
7.2.7 Intermodal transportation requirements
The business process will involve the long-distance transportation of cryogenic liquids
and the intermodal transportation of multiple means of transportation.
7.3 Rail transport
7.4.4 Liquid inert gas
Liquid nitrogen, liquid helium, liquid neon, liquid argon and liquid krypton are all
transported as Class II dangerous goods.
7.4.5 Driving speed
When driving on the highway, the driving speed shall not be higher than 80km/h. The
speed driving on primary and secondary roads shall not exceed 50km/h. The speed
driving on ordinary roads shall not be higher than 30km/h. The speed driving on dirt
roads shall not be higher than 20km/h.
8 Safety on use
8.1 Code for safe operation of liquid flammable gases
8.1.1 Operating site
The flammable liquid gas products to which this Standard applies are liquid hydrogen
and liquid methane.
8.1.2 Building design requirements
When flammable and explosive cryogenic liquids and gases are used indoors and
buildings with open walls, in addition to setting the self-flow exhaust port of the louver
and installation of alarm probe, a positive pressure mechanical ventilation system shall
also be provided at the top of the building.
8.1.3 Pressure reducing and relief valve
Any container for loading and using liquid hydrogen or liquid methane shall be
equipped with corresponding pressure relief valve. This valve must not only discharge
over-pressured hydrogen vapor or methane vapor, but also prevent air from entering.
8.1.7 Pipeline velocity
The safe flow rate of liquid hydrogen and liquid methane in the pipeline varies
according to the fluid pressure. Usually, it is between 0.2m/s~1.2m/s. The highest shall
not be greater than 1.5m/s. The maximum allowable flow rate of gas in the hydrogen
pipeline shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of GB 50177.The
maximum allowable flow rate of gas in the methane pipeline can be implemented with
reference to the provisions of GB 50177.
8.1.12 Anti-suffocation
Hydrogen and methane are a choking hazard to humans. See 8.3 for specific precautions
during use.
8.3 Specifications for safe operation of liquid inert gases
8.3.1 Asphyxiation
All inert gases, like hydrogen and methane, do not support breathing and pose a
suffocation hazard to the human body.
8.3.2 Operating site
The requirements for the installation, use and accident handling of large storage
equipment such as liquid nitrogen and liquid argon shall be governed by the provisions
of JB/T 6898.
9 Fire safety
9.1 General
9.1.1 Fire prevention plan
The fire prevention plan shall include fire extinguishing steps and rescue measures after
a fire occurs.
9.1.2 Fire training and drills
To avoid panic in the event of a fire, a full-time or part-time safety officer shall be set
up. Conduct fire safety training for employees. Perform regular maintenance of fire
equipment. Hold firefighting drills when necessary. If necessary, joint drills shall also
be held in coordination with the local fire department.
9.1.4 Additional fire protection measures
Among the cryogenic liquids listed in this Standard, hydrogen and methane are
flammable gases, which have direct fire hazards and hidden dangers.
9.1.5 Fire separation distance
Smoking or use of open flames is strictly prohibited around liquid hydrogen, methane
and oxygen operations. The minimum distance from the open flame is. 150m for liquid
hydrogen, 150m for liquid methane, 50m for liquid oxygen.
9.1.6 Extinguishing agents
Extinguishing agents suitable for different cryogenic liquid fire environments are
shown in Table 1.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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