GB/T 29551-2023 PDF English
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Laminated solar photovoltaic (PV) glass in building
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| GB 29551-2013 | English | 1319 |
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[GB/T 29551-2013] Laminated solar PV glazing materials in building
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GB/T 29551-2023: Laminated solar photovoltaic (PV) glass in building---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT29551-2023
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 81.040.20
CCS Q 33
Replacing GB/T 29551-2013
Laminated solar photovoltaic (PV) glass in building
ISSUED ON: MARCH 17, 2023
IMPLEMENTED ON: OCTOBER 01, 2023
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
National Standardization Administration.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 4
1 Scope ... 6
2 Normative references ... 6
3 Terms and definitions ... 7
4 Materials ... 8
4.1 Glass ... 8
4.2 Photovoltaic cells ... 8
4.3 Intermediate layer ... 8
4.4 Busbar ... 8
4.5 Insulating tape ... 8
4.6 Termination ... 9
4.7 Edge sealing agent ... 9
5 Technical requirements ... 9
5.1 General... 9
5.2 Appearance quality ... 10
5.3 Dimensional tolerance ... 15
5.4 Curvature... 16
5.5 Insulation... 16
5.6 Wet leakage current ... 17
5.7 Outdoor exposure performance ... 17
5.8 Ultraviolet (UV) radiation resistance ... 17
5.9 Heat cycle resistance ... 17
5.10 Humidity and frost resistance ... 17
5.11 Damp heat resistance ... 17
5.12 Bypass diode performance ... 17
5.13 Hot spot durability ... 17
5.14 Termination stress performance ... 18
5.15 Static mechanical load resistance ... 18
5.16 Cyclic (dynamic) mechanical load resistance ... 18
5.17 Wind pressure resistance ... 18
5.18 Hail resistance ... 18
5.19 Heat resistance ... 18
5.20 Drop ball impact peeling resistance ... 18
5.21 Shotgun bag impact resistance ... 18
6 Test methods ... 19
6.1 Test process ... 19
6.2 General test ... 21
6.3 Appearance quality ... 22
6.4 Dimensional tolerance ... 22
6.5 Curvature... 22
6.6 Insulation... 23
6.7 Wet leakage current ... 23
6.8 Outdoor exposure performance ... 23
6.9 Ultraviolet (UV) radiation resistance ... 24
6.10 Heat cycle resistance ... 24
6.11 Wet frost resistance ... 24
6.12 Damp heat resistance ... 24
6.13 Bypass diode performance ... 24
6.14 Hot spot durability ... 24
6.15 Termination stress performance ... 24
6.16 Static mechanical load resistance ... 24
6.17 Cyclic (dynamic) mechanical load resistance ... 24
6.18 Wind pressure resistance ... 25
6.19 Hail resistance ... 25
6.20 Heat resistance ... 25
6.21 Ball impact peeling resistance ... 25
6.22 Shotgun bag impact resistance ... 27
7 Inspection rules ... 28
7.1 Inspection classification ... 28
7.2 Group-batching and sampling ... 28
7.3 Judgment rules ... 29
8 Packaging, labeling and marking, transportation and storage ... 31
8.1 Packaging ... 31
8.2 Labels and markings ... 31
8.3 Transportation ... 32
8.4 Storage ... 32
Laminated solar photovoltaic (PV) glass in building
1 Scope
This document specifies the materials, technical requirements, test methods, inspection
rules, packaging, labeling and marking, transportation and storage of laminated solar
photovoltaic glass for buildings.
This document applies to laminated solar photovoltaic glass for building integrated
photovoltaics (BIPV).
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute essential clauses of this document
through normative references in the text. Among them, for reference documents with
dates, only the versions corresponding to the dates apply to this document; for reference
documents without dates, the latest versions (including all amendments) apply to this
document.
GB/T 1216 External micrometer
GB/T 9056 Metal ruler
GB 11614 Flat glass
GB 15763.1 Safety glazing materials in building -- Part 1: Fire-resistant glass
GB 15763.2 Safety glazing materials in building -- Part 2: Tempered glass
GB 15763.3 Safety glazing materials in building -- Part 3: Laminated glass
GB 15763.4 Safety glazing materials in building -- Part 4: Heat soaked thermally
tempered glass
GB/T 17841 Heat strengthened glass
GB/T 21389 Vernier, dial and digital display calipers
GB/T 34328 Light weight thermally strengthened glass
GB/T 37825 Test method for simulating wind pressure resistance of building glass
under the uniform static loads
4 Materials
4.1 Glass
The outer glass facing the sunlight can be made of flat glass with high transmittance,
tempered glass, semi-tempered glass, homogeneous tempered glass, lightweight
physical tempered glass, curved glass, fireproof glass, and anti-reflection film glass for
solar photovoltaic modules. The inner glass can be made of flat glass, tempered glass,
homogeneous tempered glass, lightweight physical tempered glass, semi-tempered
glass, glazed tempered, glazed semi-tempered glass, curved glass, fireproof glass.
Flat glass shall comply with the provisions of GB 11614; tempered glass shall comply
with the provisions of GB 15763.2; semi-tempered glass shall comply with the
provisions of GB/T 17841; homogeneous tempered glass shall comply with the
provisions of GB 15763.4; lightweight physically strengthened glass shall comply with
the provisions of GB/T 34328; glazed tempered and glazed semi-tempered glass shall
comply with the provisions of JC/T 1006; fireproof glass shall comply with the
provisions of GB 15763.1; anti-reflection film glass for solar photovoltaic modules
shall comply with the provisions of JC/T 2170; other types of glass shall comply with
the corresponding standards or be agreed upon by both parties.
4.2 Photovoltaic cells
Crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells, thin-film photovoltaic cells or other types of
photovoltaic cells can be selected.
4.3 Intermediate layer
The intermediate layer can be made of films that meet the requirements for construction,
such as polyvinyl butyral (PVB) film, polyethylene octene co-elastomer (POE) film,
ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) film, etc.
4.4 Busbar
Metallic materials with good electrical conductivity, such as copper and aluminum, can
be used as the main material or substrate of the busbar.
4.5 Insulating tape
Polyester terephthalate (PET) or other materials with good insulation can be used as the
The specimen is considered safe when it meets the following requirements at the time
of destruction:
a) Cracks or openings are allowed during destruction, but cracks or openings that
allow a ball with a diameter of 76 mm to pass through under a force of 25 N are
not allowed;
b) When fragments are peeled off from the specimen after impact, weigh the
fragments peeled off from the specimen within 3 minutes after impact. The total
mass of the fragments shall not exceed the mass of the specimen equivalent to
100 cm2; the maximum mass of the peeled fragments shall be less than the mass
of the specimen of 44 cm2.
According to the requirements of shotgun bag impact performance, laminated solar
photovoltaic glass is divided into the following four classes:
a) Class I laminated solar photovoltaic glass: No requirements for shotgun bag
impact performance;
b) Class II-1 laminated solar photovoltaic glass: 3 groups of specimens are impacted
at 300 mm, 750 mm, 1200 mm impact heights; all specimens are not damaged
and/or safely damaged;
c) Class II-2 laminated solar photovoltaic glass: 2 groups of specimens are impacted
at 300 mm and 750 mm impact heights; the specimens are not damaged and/or
safely damaged;
d) Class III laminated solar photovoltaic glass: 1 group of specimens are impacted
at 300 mm impact height, the specimens are not damaged and/or safely damaged;
the other group of specimens are impacted at 750 mm impact height, no specimen
is safely damaged.
6 Test methods
6.1 Test process
Except for the five tests of maximum power, heat resistance, wind pressure resistance,
ball drop impact peeling resistance, shotgun bag impact resistance, the test procedures
for other inspection items are shown in Figure 5. For curved laminated solar
photovoltaic glass, flat specimens with the same structure and process can be used
instead.
6.2 General test
6.2.1 General test conditions
If there is no requirement, the test shall be carried out according to the following general
test conditions:
a) Temperature: (20 ± 5) °C;
b) Air pressure: (8.60 × 104) Pa ~ (1.06 × 105) Pa;
c) Relative humidity: 40% ~ 80%.
6.2.2 Standard test conditions (STC)
Perform the following requirements of IEC 61215-2:
a) Standard test temperature: (25 ± 2) °C;
b) Light source irradiance: (1000 ± 100) W/m2;
c) Air quality index: AM1.5.
6.2.3 Maximum power determination
It is determined in accordance with MQT 02 in IEC 61215-2.
6.2.4 Temperature coefficient measurement
It is measured in accordance with MQT 04 in IEC 61215-2.
6.2.5 Performance under STC
It is performed in accordance with MQT 06 in IEC 61215-2.
6.2.6 Performance under low irradiance
It is performed in accordance with MQT 07 in IEC 61215-2.
6.2.7 Steady-state test
The steady-state test is carried out in accordance with MQT 19 in IEC 61215-2,
including the initial steady-state test and the final steady-state test. The initial steady-
state test is carried out in accordance with MQT 19.1 in IEC 61215-2; the final steady-
state test is carried out in accordance with MQT 19.2 in IEC 61215-2.
6.2.8 Potential induced degradation (PID) test
It is carried out in accordance with MQT 21 in IEC 61215-2.
6.3 Appearance quality
Under an illumination of not less than 1000 lx, the line of sight is perpendicular to the
glass and the observation is carried out at a distance of 1 m from the specimen. The size
of point defects and the width of line defects are measured with a reading microscope,
which has a magnification of 10 times and an accuracy of 0.1 mm. The length of line
defects and burst edges is measured with a steel ruler, that conforms to GB/T 9056 or a
measuring tool with equal or higher accuracy. Visually inspect cracks, debonding,
wrinkles, stripes, photovoltaic cells, terminations, live parts and other appearance
quality conditions.
6.4 Dimensional tolerance
6.4.1 Width, length, diagonal difference
Use a steel ruler or steel tape measure with a minimum scale of 1 mm to make
measurement.
6.4.2 Overlap difference
Use a steel ruler which has a minimum scale of 0.5 mm or a caliper that complies with
GB/T 21389, to measure along the perimeter of the glass and read the maximum overlap
difference.
6.4.3 Thickness
Use an external micrometer that complies with GB/T 1216 or a measuring tool with
equal or higher accuracy, to measure at the center of the four sides of the laminated
solar photovoltaic glass; take the average value; round off the value to two decimal
places.
6.5 Curvature
Put the laminated solar photovoltaic glass to be tested under general test conditions for
more than 4 hours. When measuring, place it vertically and place two pads at 1/4 below
its long side. Use a ruler or metal wire to press horizontally against its two sides or
diagonal direction; use a feeler gauge to measure the gap between the straight line and
the glass; express the curvature of the bow as the percentage of the ratio of the arc height
to the length of the chord. When measuring the local waveform, use a ruler or metal
wire to measure along the 25 mm direction parallel to the edge of the glass; the
measuring length is 300 mm. Use a feeler gauge to measure the height of the trough or
6.18 Wind pressure resistance
It is tested in accordance with GB/T 37825.
6.19 Hail resistance
It is tested in accordance with MQT 17 in IEC 61215-2.
6.20 Heat resistance
6.20.1 Specimen
The specimen shall be made of the same material and structure as the product and
prepared under the same process conditions, or cut directly from the product, but at
least one side is part of the original side of the product.
The specimen shall be consistent with the product use conditions. If the product is used
with edge sealers on all edges, all edges of the specimen shall also be provided with
edge sealers.
The specimen size shall be no less than 300 mm × 300 mm; the number shall be 3.
6.20.2 Apparatus
The test apparatus can be an electric blast oven with a temperature control tolerance not
exceeding ±1 °C, or a device capable of heating water to boiling.
6.20.3 Test procedure
Heat the three glass specimens to °C and keep them warm for 2 h; then cool the
specimens to room temperature. If both outer surfaces of the specimen are glass, the
specimen can also be vertically immersed in hot water heated to °C for 2 h, then
removed from the water and cooled to room temperature. In order to avoid cracks in
the specimen due to thermal stress, the specimen can be preheated in warm water at (65
± 3) °C for 3 min.
Visually inspect the specimens after the test; record whether there are bubbles or other
defects.
6.21 Ball impact peeling resistance
6.21.1 Specimen
The specimen shall be made of the same material and structure as the product and
6.22 Shotgun bag impact resistance
6.22.1 Specimens
The specimens shall meet the following requirements:
a) The specimens shall be flat test pieces or products made with the same material,
structure, process as the products. Curved laminated solar photovoltaic glass shall
be replaced with flat test pieces with the same structure and process. A total of 12
specimens are required, with 4 specimens forming a group, divided into 3 groups.
Undamaged samples in the specimens are allowed to be reused;
b) The specimen specifications are (1930 ± 2) mm × (864 ± 2) mm;
c) When the specimen is an asymmetric structure and the impact surface of the
product of this structure cannot be determined during use, the shotgun bag impact
test shall be carried out on both sides; the number of test samples shall be doubled.
6.22.2 Device
The test device includes a fixed test frame, a clamping frame to keep the specimen in
the test frame during the test, an impact body with a suspension device, a release device,
a force-measuring ball device.
6.22.3 Test procedure
6.22.3.1 Before the test, the specimen shall be kept under the test conditions of 6.2.1
for at least 12 hours.
6.22.3.2 The test shall start from the lowest impact height, with 4 glass pieces in a group;
impact tests shall be carried out at heights of 300 mm, 750 mm, 1200 mm in sequence.
6.22.3.3 Before each impact test, the impact body shall be lifted to the corresponding
height and kept stationary. At the impact height, the central axis of the metal rod of the
impact body shall be in a straight line with the suspension rope of the impact body.
6.22.3.4 At the corresponding impact height, release the impact body with an initial
velocity of zero, so that the impact body vertically impacts the middle of the specimen
once in a pendulum-like free fall.
6.22.3.5 For asymmetric laminated solar photovoltaic glass, when there is a certain
impact surface for use, the impact test shall be carried out on the designated impact
surface; when there is no certain impact surface for use, the impact test shall be carried
out on both sides, the impact surface shall be indicated in the test report.
6.22.3.6 After each impact, the state of the specimen shall be checked. If any specimen
in a group of specimens does not meet the requirements of 5.21, the test of this group
of specimens ends; if all specimens in a group meet the requirements of 5.21, the next
high impact test can be continued, the undamaged specimens can be used again.
6.22.3.7 Record and report the maximum impact height and impact history of the
product sample; indicate the type and origin of the photovoltaic cell and the
intermediate layer material.
7 Inspection rules
7.1 Inspection classification
7.1.1 Exit-factory inspection
The exit-factory inspection items include appearance quality, dimensional tolerance,
maximum power. If other inspection items are required, they can be agreed upon by the
supplier and the buyer.
7.1.2 Type inspection
The type inspection items shall include all items in this document.
Type inspection shall be carried out in any of the following situations:
a) Type finalization and identification of new products or old products after trans-
factory production;
b) After formal production, if there are major changes in structure, materials,
processes that may affect product performance;
c) During normal production, regular inspections shall be carried out after a certain
amount of production has been accumulated;
d) When the product is resumed after a long period of suspension;
e) When the exit-factory inspection results are significantly different from the last
type inspection.
7.2 Group-batching and sampling
7.2.1 Product appearance quality and maximum power shall be 100% inspected during
exit-factory.
7.2.2 The dimensional tolerance and curvature shall be randomly sampled from the
delivery batch for inspection according to Table 6. When the batch of products is larger
b) The maximum power attenuation of conventional components after the test does
not exceed 5%; the color components are determined by negotiation between the
supplier and the buyer;
c) No product shows short circuit or leakage current during the test;
d) There are no appearance defects described in 5.2;
e) Meet the test requirements of 6.6 and 6.7.
If two or more products do not meet the above requirements, the listed performance is
unqualified.
If a product fails any test, take two new products and retest all relevant test procedures.
If one or both products fail the test, the performance is unqualified; if both products
pass the test, the performance is qualified.
7.3.4 Heat resistance
Take 3 specimens for testing. When all 3 specimens meet the requirements, they are
qualified; when 1 specimen meets the requirements, they are unqualified. When 2
specimens meet the requirements, add 3 new specimens for retesting; when all 3
specimens meet the requirements, they are qualified.
7.3.5 Drop ball impact peeling resistance
Take 6 specimens for testing. When 5 or more specimens meet the requirements, they
are qualified; when 3 or less specimens meet the requirements, they are unqualified.
When 4 specimens meet the requirements, add 6 new specimens for retesting; when all
6 specimens meet the requirements, they are qualified.
7.3.6 Shotgun bag impact resistance
Every 4 specimens or products form 1 group. Specimens or products that are not
damaged during the test can be tested for higher-level shotgun bag impact performance.
Those that meet the following requirements are qualified; otherwise, they are
unqualified.
a) Class II-1 laminated solar photovoltaic glass: When the three groups of specimens
or products are impacted at 300 mm, 750 mm, 1200 mm impact heights, all
specimens or products are not damaged and/or safely damaged.
b) Class II-2 laminated solar photovoltaic glass: When the two groups of specimens
are impacted at 300 mm and 750 mm impact heights, all specimens or products
are not damaged and/or safely damaged; when the one group of specimens or
products is impacted at 1200 mm impact height, the specimens or products are
non-safely damaged.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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